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Abstract

Despite the growing interest in traditional cuisine, to the present author’s knowledge no linguistic analysis of Polish culinary recipes has been conducted so far. Even though numerous studies of recipes written in other languages, such as English, have been published, the structure and typology of early Polish recipes have, as yet, been ignored. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the earliest known Polish collection Compendium Ferculorum, and collate these fi ndings with what is known about this text type from other languages. Such an analysis will show whether the earliest Polish instructions, which appeared relatively late, i.e. in the 17th century, follow the pattern which is typical of the period or rather that of an earlier stage in the evolution of the recipe, as was the case with the earliest American recipes (Dylewski 2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Bator
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Abstract

The presented paper describes the results of an experiment determining the instantaneous values of velocity vector components of the air stream at selected spots of the boundary layer formed at the sidewalls of the mine heading in the ŁP type steel arch support. The experiment was carried out in a mine heading in an active hard coal mine. A 3-axis thermoanemometric probe was used to obtain three-dimensional distributions of the velocity and turbulent values, such as turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy of the flowing ventilation air stream. The analysis of the measurement results was aided by a numerical solution of the discussed case of flow. The research results presented in this paper provide a basis for extensive studies of the description of velocity distribution and other turbulent quantities within the near-sidewall structures of a mine heading. The objective of these tasks is to improve the accuracy and reliability of numerical calculations relating to air flow in mine headings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Skotniczy
Piotr Ostrogórski
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Abstract

The methane hazard is one of the most dangerous phenomena in hard coal mining. In a certain range of concentrations, methane is flammable and explosive. Therefore, in order to maintain the continuity of the production process and the safety of work for the crew, various measures are taken to prevent these concentration levels from being exceeded. A significant role in this process is played by the forecasting of methane concentrations in mine headings. This very problem has been the focus of the present article. Based on discrete measurements of methane concentration in mine headings and ventilation parameters, the distribution of methane concentration levels in these headings was forecasted. This process was performed on the basis of model-based tests using the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The methodology adopted was used to develop a structural model of the region under analysis, for which boundary conditions were adopted on the basis of the measurements results in real-world conditions. The analyses conducted helped to specify the distributions of methane concentrations in the region at hand and determine the anticipated future values of these concentrations. The results obtained from model-based tests were compared with the results of the measurements in realworld conditions. The methodology using the CFD and the results of the tests offer extensive possibilities of their application for effective diagnosis and forecasting of the methane hazard in mine headings.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Brodny
Magdalena Tutak
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Abstract

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases that occurs in cereal regions worldwide and causes serious economic damage. This disease can be caused by several Fusarium species with Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto being the most common pathogen isolated from several crops. The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of F. graminearum sensu stricto on rye grains collected from field samples in Argentina and to determine the potential ability to produce deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEA). Based on morphological characteristics, the isolate was identified as F. graminearum sensu stricto. To confirm molecularly, portions of the RED and TRI genes were sequenced and showed 99% similarity with the F. graminearum sensu stricto sequences available in the NCBI database. The potential to produce DON, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) and ZEA was determined. Moreover, Koch´s postulates were carried out. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. graminearum sensu stricto associated with rye kernels in Argentina.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mauro Martinez
Maria Dinolfo
Eliana Castañares
Sebastian Stenglein
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Abstract

A pontoon bridge, also known as a floating bridge, can be used as for pedestrian and vehicle traffic. The buoyancy of the floating bridge limits the maximum load it can carry. This research included experimental runs to study variations of open channel flow characteristics upstream and downstream a floating bridge. Eighty one runs have been carried out using a flume in a hydraulic laboratory. The experimental run program is classified into two main categories; the first investigates the velocity ratios (vds/vus) downstream and upstream the floating bridge. The second category is concerned with the energy head losses (hL) due to the presence of a floating bridge. The experimental runs are carried out using three pontoon lengths, three flow depths, six submerged depths, and three discharges. The results are analysed and graphically presented to help predict hydraulic parameters. The outcomes have shown that the floating bridge upstream, Froude number and submergence of the pontoon are the dominant parameters that affect the studied flow characteristics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed M. Ibrahim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mahmoud A.R. Eltoukhy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adnan D. Ghanim
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Benha University, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, PO Box 11629, Shoubra, Egypt
  2. Advisor to the President of the Iraqi Council of Representatives, Iraq
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Abstract

Head movement is frequently associated with human motion navigation, and an indispensable aspect of how humans interact with the surrounding environment. In spite of that, the incorporation of head motion and navigation is more often used in the VR (Virtual Reality) environment than the physical environment. This study aims to develop a robot car capable of simple teleoperation, incorporated with telepresence and head movement control for an on-robot real-time head motion mimicking mechanism and directional control, in attempt to provide users the experience of an avatar-like third person’s point of view amid the physical environment. The design consists of three processes running in parallel; Motion JPEG (MJPEG) live streaming to html-Site via local server, Bluetooth communication, and the corresponding movements for the head motion mimicking mechanism and motors which acts in accordance to head motion as captured by the Attitude Sensor and apparent command issued by the user. The design serves its purpose of demonstration with the usage of basic components and is not aimed to provide nor research with regards to user experience.
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Bibliography

[1] Janice, “What Is Telepresence Technology?”, 2017. Retrieved from: https://www.eztalks.com/video-conference/what-is-telepresence-technology.html
[2] Malczewski. K.,“The Rise of Telepresence Robots for Business and Beyond”, 2014. Retrieved from: https://www.factor- tech.com/roundup/this-week-facial-recognition-used-to-capture-fugitive-spacex-commits-to-city-to-city-rocket-travel-and-uk-reveals-it-launched-a-cyber-attack-on-islamic-state/
[3] Kerruish, E. “Lessons on telepresence from the Mars explorer Rovers: Merleau-Ponty and the open perceptual circuit. Culture”, Theory and Critique, 1-15, 2019.
[4] Mould, R. F., “Chernobyl record: the definitive history of the Chernobyl catastrophe”, CRC Press, 2000.
[5] Kratz, S., Vaughan, J., Mizutani, R., & Kimber, D. „Evaluating stereoscopic video with head tracking for immersive teleoperation of mobile telepresence robots”. In Proceedings of the Tenth Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction Extended Abstracts (pp. 43-44). ACM, 2015.
[6] Wen, M. C., Yang, C. H., Tsai, M. H., & Kang, S. C., “Teleyes: A telepresence system based on stereoscopic vision and head motion tracking”. Automation in Construction, 89, 199-213, 2018.
[7] Pinter, M., Lai, F., Sanchez, D. S., Ballantyne, J., Roe, D. B., Wang, Y., ... & Wong, C. W., U.S. Patent No. 9,776,327. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, 2017.
[8] Lester, D. F., Hodges, K. V., & Anderson, R. C., “Exploration telepresence: A strategy for optimizing scientific research at remote space destinations”. Science Robotics, 2(7), Art-No, 2017.
[9] Nakashima, R., & Shioiri, S., “Why do we move our head to look at an object in our peripheral region? Lateral viewing interferes with attentive search”. PloS One, 9(3), e92284, 2014.
[10] Sadik, M. J., & Lam, M. C., „Stereoscopic Vision Mobile Augmented Reality System Architecture in Assembly Tasks”. J Eng Appl Sci, 12, 2098-2105, 2017.
[11] Raja, D. DC Motor Control with Raspberry-Pi, 2016 Retrieved from https://circuitdigest.com/microcontroller-projects/controlling-dc-motor-using-raspberry-pi.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tan Jia Wee
1
Herman Wahid
1

  1. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, School of Electrical Engineering, UTM Skudai, Malaysia
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Abstract

The European Commission's ambitious plan to reduce CO2 emissions has a significant impact on the global automotive industry. Recent development of new diesel and petrol engines with direct injection is aimed at improving fuel efficiency while maintaining (or enhancing) engine performance. This naturally also increases the demands on the properties of the most stressed engine components (e.g., cylinder heads, engine blocks, pistons), which leads to the development of new materials. Presented work analysed the effect of different mold temperatures (60; 120; 180 °C) on mechanical, physical properties and microstructure of AlSi5Cu2Mg aluminium alloy. This alloy is currently being used for the production of cylinder head castings. The results showed that the changing mold temperature had an effect on mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength and Young modulus values). SEM with EDX analysis of intermetallic phases revealed there were no size and morphology changes of Cu, Mg and Fe intermetallic phases when the mold temperature changed. No significant effect of different mold temperature on physical properties (thermal and electrical conductivity) and fracture mechanism occurred during experiment. Optimal combination of mechanical and physical properties of AlSi5Cu2Mg alloy was achieved using a permanent mold with temperature ranging from 120 to 180 °C.
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Bibliography

[1] Skrabulakova, E.F, Ivanova, M., Rosova, A., Gresova, E., Sofranko, M. & Ferencz, V. (2021). On electromobility development and the calculation of the infrastructural country electromobility coefficient. Processes. 9(2), 1-28. DOI: 10.3390/pr9020222.
[2] Murthy, V. & Girish, K. (2021). A comprehensive review of battery technology for E-mobility. Journal of the Indian chemical society. 98(10), 100173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2021.100173.
[3] Trovao, J. (2021). Electromobility innovation trends [automotive electronics]. IEEE vehicular technology magazine. 16(3), 153-161. DOI: 10.1109/MVT.2021.3091798.
[4] Venticinque, S., Martino, B., Aversa, R., Natvig, M., Jiang, S. & Sard, R. (2021). Evaluation of innovative solutions for e-mobility. International journal of grid and utility computing. 12(2), 159-172. DOI: 10.1504/IJGUC.2021.114829.
[5] Hajdúch, P., Djurdjevic, M. B. & Bolibruchová, D. (2020). New trends in the production of aluminum castings for the automotive industry. Slévarenství. 1-2, 5-7.
[6] Hoag, K. & Dondlinger, B. (2016). Cylinder block and head materials and manufacturing. In Kevin Hoag & Brian Dondlinger (Eds.), Vehicular engine design (pp. 97-115). Springer, Vienna. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1859-77.
[7] Kores, S., Zak, H. & Tonn, B. (2008). Aluminium alloys for cylinder heads. Materials and Geoenvironment. 55, 307-317.
[8] Podprocká, R. & Bolibruchová, D. (2017). Iron intermetallic phases in the alloy based on Al-Si-Mg by applying manganese. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 17(3), 217-221. DOI: 10.1515/afe-2017-0118.
[9] Vincze, F., Tokár, M., Gegyverneki, G. & Gyarmati, G. (2020). Examination of the eutectic modifying effect of Sr on an Al-Si-Mg-Cu alloy using various technological parameters. Archives of Foundry Engineering. 20(3), 79-84. 10.24425/afe.2020.133334
[10] Djurdjevič, M.B., Vicario, I. & Huber, G. (2014). Review of thermal analysis applications in aluminium casting plants. Revista de Metalurgia. 50(1), 1-12. DOI: 10.3989/revmetalm.004
[11] Canales, A., Silva, J., Gloria, D. & Colar, R. (2010). Thermal analysis during solidification of cast Al-Si alloys. Thermochimica Acta. 510(1-2), 82-87. DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2010.06.026.
[12] Tillová, E., Chalupová, M. (2009). Structural analysis of Al-Si alloys. Žilina: EDIS – vydavateľstvo ŽU.

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Authors and Affiliations

L. Širanec
1
ORCID: ORCID
D. Bolibruchová
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Chalupová
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Technological Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Žilina, Slovakia
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Abstract

Eye tracking systems are mostly video-based methods which require significant computation to achieve good accuracy. An alternative method with comparable accuracy but less computational expense is 2D microelectromechanical (MEMS) mirror scanning. However, this technology is relatively new and there are not many publications on it. The purpose of this study was to examine how individual parameters of system components can affect the accuracy of pupil position estimation. The study was conducted based on a virtual simulator. It was shown that the optimal detector field of view (FOV) depends on the frequency ratio of the MEMS mirror axis. For a value of 1:13, the smallest errors were at 0.°, 1.65°, 2.3°, and 2.95°. The error for the impact of the signal sampling rate above 3 kHz stabilizes at 0.065° and no longer changes its value regardless of increasing the number of samples. The error for the frequency ratio of the MEMS mirror axis increases linearly in the range of 0.065°–0.1°up to the ratio of 1:230. Above this there is a sudden increase to the average value of 0.3°. The conducted research provides guidance in the selection of parameters for the construction of eye tracking MEMS mirror-based systems.
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Bibliography

[1] Duchowski, A. T., (2017). Eye tracking methodology: Theory and practice. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57883-5
[2] Judd, T., Ehinger, K., Durand, F., & Torralba, A. (2009, September). Learning to predict where humans look. IEEE 12th International Conference on Computer Vision (pp. 2106–2113). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2009.5459462
[3] Goldberg, J. H., & Kotval, X. P. (1999). Computer interface evaluation using eye movements: methods and constructs. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 24(6), 631–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8141(98)00068-7
[4] Hansen, D. W., & Ji, Q. (2009). In the eye of the beholder: A survey of models for eyes and gaze. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 32(3), 478–500. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2009.30
[5] Carvalho, N., Laurent, E., Noiret, N., Chopard, G., Haffen, E., Bennabi, D., & Vandel, P. (2015). Eye movement in unipolar and bipolar depression: A systematic review of the literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1809. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01809
[6] Bittencourt, J., Velasques, B., Teixeira, S., Basile, L. F., Salles, J. I., Nardi, A. E., Budde, H., Cagy, M., Piedade, R., & Ribeiro, P. (2013). Saccadic eye movement applications for psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9, 1393. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S45931
[7] Duchowski, A. T., Medlin, E., Gramopadhye, A., Melloy, B., & Nair, S. (2001, November). Binocular eye tracking in VR for visual inspection training. Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology (pp. 1–8). https://doi.org/10.1145/505008.505010
[8] Blattgerste, J., Renner, P., & Pfeiffer, T. (2018, June). Advantages of eye-gaze over head-gaze-based selection in virtual and augmented reality under varying field of views. Proceedings of the Workshop on Communication by Gaze Interaction (pp. 1–9). https://doi.org/10.1145/3206343.3206349
[9] Pasarica, A., Bozomitu, R. G., Cehan, V., Lupu, R. G., & Rotariu, C. (2015, October). Pupil detection algorithms for eye tracking applications. 2015 IEEE 21st International Symposium for Design and Technology in Electronic Packaging (SIITME) (pp. 161–164). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIITME.2015.7342317 [10] Stengel, M., Grogorick, S., Eisemann, M., Eisemann, E., & Magnor, M. A. (2015, October). An affordable solution for binocular eye tracking and calibration in head-mounted displays. Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on Multimedia (pp. 15–24). https://doi.org/10.1145/2733373.2806265
[11] Wen, Q., Bradley, D., Beeler, T., Park, S., Hilliges, O.,Yong, J.,&Xu, F. (2020).Accurate Real-time 3D Gaze Tracking Using a Lightweight Eyeball Calibration. Computer Graphics Forum, 39(2), 475–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13945
[12] Lee, G. J., Jang, S. W., & Kim, G. Y. (2020). Pupil detection and gaze tracking using a deformable template. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 79(19), 12939–12958. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11042-020-08638-7
[13] Gegenfurtner, A., Lehtinen, E., & Säljö, R. (2011). Expertise differences in the comprehension of visualizations: A meta-analysis of eye-tracking research in professional domains. Educational Psychology Review, 23(4), 523–552. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-011-9174-7
[14] Sarkar, N., O’Hanlon, B., Rohani, A., Strathearn, D., Lee, G., Olfat, M., & Mansour, R. R. (2017, January). A resonant eye-tracking microsystem for velocity estimation of saccades and foveated rendering. IEEE 30th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) (pp. 304–307). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEMSYS.2017.7863402
[15] Bartuzel, M. M., Wróbel, K., Tamborski, S., Meina, M., Nowakowski, M., Dalasinski, K., Szkulmowska, A. & Szkulmowski, M. (2020). High-resolution, ultrafast, wide-field retinal eye-tracking for enhanced quantification of fixational and saccadic motion. Biomedical Optics Express, 11(6), 3164–3180. https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.392849
[16] Meyer, J., Schlebusch, T., Fuhl, W., & Kasneci, E. (2020). A novel camera-free eye tracking sensor for augmented reality based on laser scanning. IEEE Sensors Journal, 20(24), 15204–15212. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3011985
[17] Pomianek, M., Piszczek, M., Maciejewski, M., & Krukowski, P. (2020, October). Pupil Position Estimation Error in an Eye Tracking System Based on the MEMS Mirror Scanning Method. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Microelectronic Devices and Technologies (MicDAT’ 2020) (pp. 28–30). IFSA.
[18] Pengfei, Y., Zhengming, C., Jing, T., & Lina, Q. (2016). Virtual Simulation System of Cutter Suction Dredger Based on Unity3D. Journal of Systems Simulation, 28(9), 2069–2075.
[19] Richards, D., & Taylor, M. (2015). A Comparison of learning gains when using a 2D simulation tool versus a 3D virtual world: An experiment to find the right representation involving the Marginal Value Theorem. Computers & Education, 86, 157–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2015.03.009
[20] Müller, L. M., Mandon, K., Gliesche, P., Weiß, S., & Heuten, W. (2020, November). Visualization of Eye Tracking Data in Unity3D. 19th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia (pp. 343–344). https://doi.org/10.1145/3428361.3431194
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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Pomianek
1
Marek Piszczek
1
Marcin Maciejewski
1

  1. Military University of Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics, 2 Kaliskiego St., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d: Articular cartilage is highly-organized nonvascularized tissue which is responsible in humans for pressure absorption under load, as well as for the smoothness of the opposite tangential bone surfaces.

The purpose of our research is to study structural and functional features of articular cartilage at lightoptical level by using state-of-the-art research methods of bone-cartilage tissue.

M a t e r i a l a n d M e t h o d s: The study was conducted on samples of femoral heads. Hyperfine sections were subject to hematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson’s and PAS staining. In order to identify the receptor profile of chondrocytes and the features of protein arrangement in extracellular matrix we undertook an immunohistochemical study.

R e s u l t s: An articular cartilage is quite organized tissue. As any other organ, it has parenchyma and stroma. Parenchyma is represented by one type of cells — chondrocytes, which, depending on how deep they are located in cartilage, have a different shape, size and functional features. The chondrocytes and extracellular matrix have different degrees of receptors expression.

C o n c l u s i o n s: Th e cartilage is being constantly self-renewed, what is manifested by means of a rather slow division of the surface-located chondrocytes and programmed death of dystrophic-modified cells. The features of extracellular matrix structure determine the originality of cell location in different areas of cartilage tissue. Due to synthesis of specific proteins, chondrocytes self-regulate properties of cartilage tissue.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mykola Lyndin
Nadegda Gluschenko
Vladyslav Sikora
Yuliia Lyndina
Natalia Hyryavenko
Gennadii Tkach
Victoria Kurochkina
Anatolii Romaniuk
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Abstract

In this work, we present a failure detection system in sensors of any robot. It is based on the k-fold cross-validation approach and built from N neural networks, where N is the number of signals read from sensors. Our tests were carried out using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV, quadrocopter), where signals were read from three sensors: accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope. Artificial neural network was used to determine Euler angles, based on signals from these sensors. The presented system is an extension of the system that we proposed in one of our previous papers. The improvement shown in this work took place on two levels. The first one was related to improvement of a neural network՚s reproduction quality – we have replaced a recurrent neural network with a convolutional one. The second level was associated with the improvement of the validation process, i.e. with adding some new criteria to check the values of Euler՚s angles determined by the convolutional neural network in subsequent time steps. To highlight the proposed system improvement we present a number of indicators such as RMSE, NRMSE and NDR (Normalized Detection Ratio).

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Świetlicka
K. Kolanowski
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Abstract

Background: Hearing loss caused by excessive exposure to noise is one of the most common health risks for employees. One solution for noise reduction is the use of hearing protectors, which is a very effective method for protecting hearing from the workplace noise. In order to obtain better attenuation efficiency, custom moulded earplugs can be equipped with a suitable acoustic filter. The effectiveness of the hearing protectors’ attenuation is based on real measurement of hearing thresholds for normal hearing people with and without hearing protectors. However, this is a time consuming process, and the obtained values are characterised by quite large inter-individual variability. The optimal solution is to measure the attenuation characteristics based on the objective method (without the presence of the subject), the results of which will be in accordance with the results of subjective tests. Therefore, the main purpose of the research in this work was to measure the attenuation characteristics of the self-designed custom moulded earplugs with and without acoustic filters through the use of subjective and objective methods, and to compare the results in terms of the research methods.

Methods: Measurements of the acoustic attenuation obtained by custom moulded earplugs with designed F1, F2, and F3 acoustic filters (internal diameters dF1 = 1:25 mm, dF2 = 0:85 mm, and dF3 = 0:45 mm), as well as full insert earplugs (without any acoustic filters) were carried out using two methods: objective and subjective. The objective measurements were carried out in an anechoic chamber. The artificial head (High-frequency Head and Torso Simulator Brüel & Kjær Type 5128) was located at a distance of 3 m, directly opposite the loudspeaker. The test signal in the measurements was pink noise – in the frequency range up to 12.5 kHz and the level 85, 90, and 95 dB. The hearing protectors with and without acoustic filters were mounted in the Head and Torso Simulator which was connected with Pulse System Brüel & Kjær. Five normal hearing subjects participated in the subjective measurements. A pink noise signal was used for one-third octave bands: 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz. The attenuation value was defined as the difference (in dB) between the hearing threshold of the test signal with a hearing protector and the hearing threshold determined without a hearing protector.

Results: The results of the objective method proved that in addition to the significant impact of frequency on the attenuation values, the type of filter used in custom moulded earplugs also had a significant effect. In addition, the results of the objective method showed that in the whole frequency range the highest attenuation values are shown by the full earplugs, achieving slightly above 45 dB for frequency of 8 kHz. The attenuation values obtained from subjective measurements also confirmed that both the frequency and type of filter significantly affect the attenuation values of the tested hearing protectors.

Conclusions: The results of this study did not confirm the hypothesis that the measurement method had no significant effect on the attenuation characteristics of self-designed custom moulded earplugs with different types of acoustic filters. The largest differences in attenuation values between the type of measurement methods occur for the low frequency band (250 Hz) and for higher frequencies (4000 Hz mainly). The change of the internal diameter of the F1 filter from 1.25 mm to 0.85 mm (F2 filter) did not significantly affect the attenuation characteristics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Gołębiewski
1
Andrzej Wicher
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Duraj
1
Milena Kaczmarek-Klinowska
1
Karina Mrugalska-Handke
1

  1. Department of Acoustics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

This paper gives a description of the head shield of Alona protzi, a rare species of Cladocera (water fleas) whose separated head shield has not yet been described in detail. Subfossil head shields of A. protzi were found in sediment cores taken from lakes in Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Poland. Despite the rarity of the species this suggests a wide distribution of A. protzi in northern Europe. The ecology of A. protzi is poorly known. The environmental spectrum of the finding sites was wide and ranged from relatively nutrient poor clear water lakes to eutrophic turbid water lakes, indicating that A. protzi is not narrowly restricted. Most of the lakes were, however, meso-eutrophic with neutral to high pH, and with a relatively low abundance of submerged macrophytes. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that A. protzi mainly lives in groundwater and is only occasionally transported into lakes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Rikke Bjerring
Mirva Nykänen
Kaarina Sarmaja-Korjonen
Artem Sinev
Karina Jensen
Liisa Nevalainen
Krystyna Szeroczyńska
Edyta Zawisza
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Abstract

The head-related transfer function (HRTF) is dependent on the position of the sound source (both direction and distance) and is also affected by individual anatomical parameters. Individualized HRTFs have been shown to affect the perception of sound direction, but have not been considered in distance perception. This work aims to discover, by means of psychoacoustic experiments for a virtual reproduction system through a pair of in-ear headphones, the effect of individualized HRTF on auditory distance perception for a nearby sound source. The individualized HRTFs of six subjects and the non-individualized HRTFs of a mannequin at seven distances between 0.2 and 1.0 m and five lateral azimuths between 45X and 135X in the horizontal plane were processed with white noise to generate binaural signals. Further, the individualized and non-individualized HRTFs were used in the auditory distance perception experiments. Results of distance perception show that the variance of distance perception results among subjects is significant, the reason could be the stimuli are lack of dynamic cue and early reflections, or the auditory difference of distance perception among subjects. However, via the analyses of mean slope of perceptual distance and correlation between the perceptual and real distance, we find that the individualized HRTF cue has insignificant influence on distance perception.

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Authors and Affiliations

Guangzheng Yu
Liliang Wang
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Abstract

Although Syrian high-yielding wheat cultivars grown under Mediterranean conditions include acceptable levels of resistance to biotic constraints, little is known about their susceptibility to Fusarium head blight (FHB), a harmful disease of wheat cultivation worldwide. The capacity of 16 fungal isolates of four FHB species to confer the disease on spikes and spikelets of six widely grown old and modern Syrian durum and bread wheat cultivars with known in vitro quantitative resistance to FHB was evaluated. Quantitative traits were visually assessed using spray and point inoculations for determining disease development rates, disease incidence (DI) and disease severity (DS) under controlled conditions. Differences in pathogenicity and susceptibility among wheat cultivars were observed, emphasizing the need for breeders to include aggressive isolates or a mixture of isolates representative of the FHB diversity in their screenings for selection of disease resistant cultivars. Bread wheat cultivars showed lower levels of spike and spikelet damage than durum cultivars regardless of the date of cultivar release. Overall, the six wheat cultivars expressed acceptable resistance levels to initial fungal infection and fungal spread. Quantitative traits showed significant correlation with previous standardized area under disease progress curve (AUDPCstandard) data generated in vitro. Thus, the predictive ability of AUDPCstandard appears to be crucial in assessing pathogenicity and resistance in adult wheat plants under controlled conditions. While in the Mediterranean countries the risk of disease is progressively increasing, the preliminary data in this report adds to our knowledge about four FHB species pathogenicity on a Syrian scale, where the environment is quite similar to some Mediterranean wheat growing areas, and show that Syrian cultivars could be new resistant donors with favorable agronomical characteristics in FHB-wheat breeding programs.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nachaat Sakr
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Abstract

This paper established a radio-frequency electrode model and human head model used in RF cosmetic instruments. The distribution of electric field strength, a specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature distribution in the human brain at 1 MHz and 6 MHz were studied and the results compared with the International Commission on Nonionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. The results showed that under those two frequencies the maximum value of electric field strength in the human brain was 1.52 V/m and it was about 5.4% of the ICNIRP basic restrictions, the maximum SAR in human brain was about 2:21 ? 10??3 W/kg, which was far less than 2 W/kg of ICNIRP basic restrictions, the maximum temperature of the human brainwas 37:6? located in thewounded skin, which was the same as the normal temperature 37?. Since all the results were within the ICNIRP basic restrictions, the electromagnetic exposure generated by the RF cosmetic electrode will not pose a threat to the human health.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xinzhe Qi
1
Mai Lu
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Key Laboratory of Opt-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu Province, P.R. China
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Abstract

The head loss is a decrease in compressive height caused by friction and direction changes of flow at the sliced bend. This method expected to provide is easy, fast, and economical. The elements of influence are the velocity of flow, the num-ber of slices, average length of sliced walls, angle changes of the sliced, coefficient of friction, acceleration of gravity, and slope of the pipe. Equation for coefficient of head loss (Kb) is an analysis method for the head loss (hL) calculation. The analysis results that have obtained are the larger diameter of the pipe, and the more slices with a fixed discharge, the coefficient of hL becomes small. Conversely, if the diameter of the pipe is getting smaller, and the slice is getting less, then the coefficient of hL becomes bigger. This method, expected to give new knowledge in pipeline network applications, especially for the large diameter of pipelines.

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Authors and Affiliations

Moh Abduh
ORCID: ORCID
Suhardjono Suhardjono
Sumiadi Sumiadi
ORCID: ORCID
Very Dermawan
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Abstract

This paper details a hardware implementation of a distributed Θ(1) time algorithm allows to select dynamically the master device in ad-hoc or cluster-based networks in a constant time regardless the number of devices in the same cluster. The algorithm allows each device to automatically detect its own status; master or slave; based on identifier without adding extra overheads or exchanging packets that slow down the network. We propose a baseband design that implements algorithm functions and we detail the hardware implementation using Matlab/Simulink and Ettus B210 USRP. Tests held in laboratory prove that algorithm works as expected.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammed El Khattabi
Jelloul Elmesbahi
Ahmed Errami and Omar Bouattane Mohammed Khaldoun
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Abstract

The individual Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) typically show large left-right ear differences. This work evaluates HRTF left-right differences by means of the rms measure called the Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD). The RMSD was calculated for HRTFs measured with the participation of a group of 15 subjects in our laboratory, for the HRTFs taken from the LISTEN database and for the acoustic manikin. The results showed that the RMSD varies in relation to the frequency and as expected is small for more symmetrical HRTFs at low frequencies (0.3÷1 kHz). For higher frequency bands (1÷5 kHz and above 5 kHz), the left-right differences are higher as an effect of the complex filtering caused by anatomical shape of the head and the pinnae. Results obtained for the subjects and for data taken from the LISTEN database were similar, whereas different for the acoustic manikin. This means that measurements with the use of the manikin cannot be considered as perfect average representation of the results obtained for people. The method and results of this study may be useful in assessing the symmetry of the HRTFs, and further analysis and improvement of how to considered the HRTFs individualization and personalization algorithms.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Jasiński
1
Jan Żera
1

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Influenced by the dynamic pressure of the front abutment pressure and the lateral abutment pressure, large deformation of surrounding rock occurs advancing working face in the entry heading adjacent to the active longwall mining face. Based on the cause analysis of entry large deformation, a new technology was put forward to solve the problem, and the designing method of drilling hole parameters for directional hydraulic fracturing was formed. Holes are drilled in the entry or in the high drainage entry to a certain rock layer over the adjacent working face, hydraulic cutting or slotting at the bottom of a borehole were also applied in advance to guide the hydraulic fractures extend in expected direction, through which the hard roof above the coal pillar can be cut off directionally. As a result, the stress concentration around the entry was transferred, and the entry was located in a destressing area. The field test at Majialiang coal mine indicates that the propagation length of cracks in single borehole is more than 15 m. After hydraulic fracturing, the large deformation range of the entry is reduced by 45 m, the average floor heave is reduced by 70%, and the average convergence of the entry’s two sides is reduced by 65%. Directional hydraulic fracturing has a better performance to control the large deformation of the dynamic pressure of the entry heading adjacent to the advancing coal face. Besides, it can improve the performance of the safety production.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bingxiang Huang
Xinglong Zhao
Jian Ma
ORCID: ORCID
Tianyuan Sun
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Abstract

In the paper the results of experimental investigations concerning flat slabs made from reinforced lightweight concrete with sintered fly ash aggregate CERTYD were presented. In the research program 6 models made in a natural scale were included. The main variable parameter was slab longitudinal reinforcement ratio. The aim of investigation was the experimental verification of efficiency of double-headed studs as punching shear reinforcement. In the existing technical approvals such kind of reinforcement was allowed only in normal concrete slabs. It was demonstrated that double-headed studs can be an effective transverse reinforcement of lightweight aggregate concrete slabs. The use of double-headed studs resulted in increase in the ultimate load from 19% to 44%, depending on the slab reinforcement ratio which ranged from 0.5% to 1.2%. The comparative analysis showed that the Eurocode 2 provisions were conservative in relation to the experimental results, which were on average 42% higher than the theoretical ones however with a very low 7% coefficient of variation.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Gołdyn
Ł. Krawczyk
W. Ryżyński
T. Urban
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Abstract

When modelling flow and/or sediment transport in streams and rivers, one must frequently use the computer software of differing levels of complexity. The level of sophistication, accuracy, and quality of results are the parameters by which models can be classified as being 1D, 2D, or 3D; it seems certain that in the future, there will also be 4D and 5D models. However, the results obtained from very sophisticated models are frequently questionable, and designers in the field of hydraulic structures must have considerable experience distinguishing important information from irrelevant information. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the effect of the selected boulder block ramp hydraulic structure at Poniczanka stream on the bed-load transport. We evaluated sediment transport using the CCHE2D numerical model. We analysed several scenarios depending on the river bed type (erodible, non-erodible, rocky) and examined the rock blocks used for hydraulic structure construction. The obtained results were compared with the Hjulström and the Shields graph, which are a classic approach for identifying fluvial processes in river channels. In addition to these two methods, numerical modelling using the 1D HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System) modelling were conducted, which included the determination of horizontal and vertical changes to the river bed morphology of the examined section of river reach as well as providing the basic hydrodynamics parameters which, from the practical point of view, designers involved in the process of designing ramps could use.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karol K. Plesiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Radecki-Pawlik
2
ORCID: ORCID
Fabian Rivera-Trejo
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Agriculture in Krakow, Faculty Environmental Engineering and Land Surveying, Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Geotechnics, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Structural Mechanics and Materials, Kraków, Poland
  3. Juarez Autonomous University of Tabasco, Academic Division of Engineering and Architecture, Cunduacan, Tabasco, Mexico
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Abstract

Wireless sensor network is a dynamic field of networking and communication because of its increasing demand in critical Industrial and Robotics applications. Clustering is the technique mainly used in the WSN to deal with large load density for efficient energy conservation. Formation of number of duplicate clusters in the clustering algorithm decreases the throughput and network lifetime of WSN. To deal with this problem, advance distributive energy-efficient adaptive clustering protocol with sleep/wake scheduling algorithm (DEACP-S/W) for the selection of optimal cluster head is presented in this paper. The presented sleep/wake cluster head scheduling along with distributive adaptive clustering protocol helps in reducing the transmission delay by properly balancing of load among nodes. The performance of algorithm is evaluated on the basis of network lifetime, throughput, average residual energy, packet delivered to the base station (BS) and CH of nodes. The results are compared with standard LEACH and DEACP protocols and it is observed that the proposed protocol performs better than existing algorithms. Throughput is improved by 8.1% over LEACH and by 2.7% over DEACP. Average residual energy is increased by 6.4% over LEACH and by 4% over DEACP. Also, the network is operable for nearly 33% more rounds compared to these reference algorithms which ultimately results in increasing lifetime of the Wireless Sensor Network.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Shankar D. Chavan
1
Shahaji R. Jagdale
1
Dhanashree A. Kulkarni
1
Sneha R. Jadhav
1

  1. Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology, Pimpri, Pune

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