The paper discusses the results of a study into almost 2000 corrections found in the Old English gloss to the fi rst 50 Psalms of the Eadwine Psalter, a post-Conquest manuscript produced in mid-twelfth century. It contains the three Latin versions of the Psalter translated by St. Jerome, each accompanied by a gloss: the Gallicanum – Latin, the Romanum – Old English, and the Hebraicum – Anglo-Norman. The exact purpose behind the production of this psalter, its role, as well as the reason for introducing extensive corrections to the Old English gloss remain unknown. By making the corrections the focal point of the study, the present paper builds a case for identifying Thomas Becket (or his associates) as the patron of the Eadwine Psalter, which seems to provide comprehensive answers to some baffl ing questions concerning this manuscript.

Unconventional injection methods include i.e. blowing injection that allows for production of moldings with a lower weight while maintaining mechanical properties of detail. Due to the fact that most polymers are dyed at the processing stage, it is important to examine the simultaneous effect of blowing and colorbatch, as well as variable processing conditions, on the functional properties of moldings made of the most popular construction material, i.e. ABS. Samples were made of ABS polymer without and with the addition of a colorbatch containing brown pigment on ABS matrix, and blowing agent. Variable processing conditions were: mold and injection temperature, holding pressure and time. Other parameters were constant. Samples were tested for basic functional properties such as color, gloss, mass, density and thickness. Moldings produced with a higher blowing agent content and a higher injection temperature were characterized by lower mass. No significant influence of processing parameters and content of colorbatch on mass of samples was found. Blowing agent has no significant impact on thickness of moldings, regardless of processing conditions. Addition of a colorbatch influenced samples’ gloss. Increase in colorbatch and blowing agent content and mold temperature allow to obtain moldings with a higher surface gloss. Colorbatch also changed color of samples – a decrease in luminance L even by about 40% and great changes in parameters “a” and slight changes in parameter “b”. It was found that blowing agent content had the greatest influence on density of moldings. Injection temperature and colorbatch, do not significantly affect density of moldings.

The paper presents the results of a study into lexical substitutions found in the Old English gloss to psalms 2-50 in the Eadwine Psalter. The major objectives to determine the possible sources of this manuscript, which clearly go beyond the traditional explanation that originally the gloss was derived from a Vespasian Psalter-type gloss, later revised by the corrector based on a Regius Psalter-type gloss. The analysis shows that the affiliation of the gloss is indeed highly complex for such a resource. Moreover, the paper shows that despite its numerous corrections, the Old English gloss to the Eadwine Psalter is in fact a valuable source of information on the twelfth-century scribal practice of the post-Conquest England.

Although interlinear glosses theoretically involve providing the most exact native equivalent for each foreign item in the text (cf., e.g. Nida 2004: 161), they often prove to be much more than a mechanical process of creating lexical correspondences. One of the best examples of glossing which is a “conscious, occasionally very careful “interpretative translation”” (Nagucka 1997: 180), is the collection of 10th century glosses added by Aldred to the Latin text of the Lindisfarne Gospels. This oldest existing translation of the Gospels into English consists not only of a word‑for‑word renderings, since Aldred also used multiple glosses, marginal notes, and occasionally left the words unglossed. Thus, particular Latin words are often translated in several different ways.
The present study focuses on words denoting objects and phenomena which were presumably unfamiliar or obscure to the Anglo‑Saxon audience. Those include items specific to the society, culture, as well as fauna and flora. The study shows various methods employed by the glossator to familiarise the concepts to the readers.

A silent language: imagining the dialect in Ferrante’s novels – Elena Ferrante’s novels are not examples of plurilingual literature; in fact they do not mix diatopic varieties of Italian and dialect, even if, above all in the stories in My Brilliant Friend, Italian readers can perceive the sounds of the Neapolitan dialect. To achieve this effect, Elena Ferrante uses metalinguistic glosses, which alert the reader when the characters pass from one language to another. The essay examines the features of the glosses, which are cleverly inserted, do not hinder reading, and manage to transport the reader to among the houses and the sounds of Naples.