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Gender equality in the energy sector: analysis and empowerment

Olena Shatilova Tetiana Sobolieva Oleksandr Vostryakov
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 19-42
Keywords gender gap energy sector gender balance gender equality institutional conditions
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Abstract

This article is devoted to topical issues of gender equality in the energy sector. It is a retrospective analysis of the problem of gender equality over the past 50 years in various countries and sectors of the economy. The situation with the improvement of the gender balance in general is changing, but unevenly, which increases the relevance of attention to the gender factor in policy development, particularly in the energy sector. It has been established that in the energy sector, there remain so-called “glass walls” and “glass ceilings” for the development of women’s professional careers, which leads to horizontal and vertical segregation. The main barriers to gender balance in the energy sector are highlighted. The institutional conditions for ensuring gender equality in the energy sector have allowed for a more comprehensive view of the problem of gender occupational segregation. A number of institutional problems of gender equality in the energy sector are highlighted and characterized. These include: inconsistency of formal norms of gender equality and existing economic practices; lack of gender mainstreaming in energy policy making due to insufficient attention to social relations; the creation of additional tensions in industrial relations to ensure gender equality; unemployment of able-bodied women due to segregation in the labor market in the energy sector., Using a number of practical proposals for ensuring gender equality at the industrial and company levels, the authors propose a conceptual model of institutional support for gender equality in the energy sector. The implementation of these proposals would help eliminate gender imbalances in the energy sector and promote the development of energy companies on a sustainable basis.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

Olena Shatilova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana Sobolieva
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Vostryakov
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Management, SHEE “Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman”, Kyiv, Ukraine

Women’s place in technoscience. Untapped potential or revolution?

Anna Knapińska
Nauka | 2023 | No 2 | 19-31 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.146055
Keywords women in technoscience gender equality women’s scientific career
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Abstract

The article presents, on the basis of data from the POL-on system and the European Statistical Office, the trajectories of women's scientific careers in technoscience – particularly in engineering and technology. It also describes the results of a qualitative study, which comprises an analysis of twelve biographical interviews with female professors who represent various disciplines of technoscience. The article then outlines possible solutions for increasing the representation of women in technoscience.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Knapińska
1
  1. Ośrodek Przetwarzania Informacji – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

The Role of Family Policy Regimes in Work–Family Adaptations: Polish Parents in Norway and Poland

Margunn Bjørnholt Kari Stefansen Agata Wężyk Dorota Merecz-Kot
Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2017 | vol. 6 | No 2 | 31-50
Keywords dual-earner/dual-carer model family practices work–family adaptations gender equality family policy
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Abstract

The aim of this article is to examine how family policies contribute to changes in family practices and towards gender equality in families. Empirically we draw on interviews with two groups of Polish-born parents: Polish parents who have migrated to Norway and Polish parents living in Poland. Norway and Poland are relevant cases for our exploration because they represent different types of welfare states, which have followed different paths towards their current family policy package. In our analysis of actual work–family adaptations we found a convergence towards gender-equal dual-earner/dual-carer arrangements in both groups, although there were differences in the level of agency. Polish parents in Poland felt less entitled to use the measures available to them, and sometimes refrained from using them, compared to Polish parents in Norway who expressed a strong sense of agency in using family policy measures to create a good life in Norway and as part of a project of change towards more gender-equal sharing of work and care responsibilities. The analysis confirms the strong link between family practices and family policies, but also illustrates how the effect of policies on practices may be hampered or boosted by the wider historical-cultural context of the society in question. In conclusion, in analyses of the link between policy and practice it may be fruitful to distinguish between family policy packages – the concrete set of entitlements for working parents – and family policy regimes, meaning policies in their wider context, including migrancy as a mediating factor.

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Authors and Affiliations

Margunn Bjørnholt
Kari Stefansen
Agata Wężyk
Dorota Merecz-Kot

Perfectionism and gender equality. John Rawls’s critique of John Stuart Mill

Elżbieta Filipow
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2021 | No 4 | 91-105 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2021.138976
Keywords decided preference criterion dignity gender equality good life perfectionism principle of individualism principles of justice
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Abstract

In his A Theory of Justice John Rawls presents a critique of utilitarianism. He focuses on utilitarianism in the version offered by John Stuart Mill, but Rawls’s analysis of Mill’s views is schematic and limited to Mill’s ethical theory. Rawls does not recognize the importance of perfectionistic themes in Mill’s theory, nor does he note the consequences of that issue for the problem of gender equality. Rawls discuses those themes in his Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy. If one is primarily guided by Rawls’s A Theory of Justice, however, the person will be unable to appreciate similarities between Rawls’s and Mill’s positions. When focusing on the Lectures it is possible to recognize these affinities that are only dimly insinuated in A Theory of Justice. In the later volume they are strong enough to support the claim that a more pronounced affinity may bind these two authors that are not obvious at the first glance. I proceed therefore (1) to expose some shortcomings in the presentation of Mill’s utilitarianism by Rawls; (2) go on to analyse Lectures on the History of Political Philosophy in order to present a more penetrating reading of Mill’s utilitarianism by including its perfectionistic content; and (3) finally on the basis of those claims I point to some practical consequences of Mill’s and Rawls’s views on gender equality.
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Bibliography

Barker Ch. (2015), JS Mill on Nineteenth Century Marriage and the Common Law, „Law, Culture, and Humanities” 15 (1), s. 1–21.
Bentham J. (1838), The Works of Jeremy Bentham, red. J. Bowring, London: Longman.
Donner W. (2005), John Stuart Mill’s Liberal Feminism, w: M.H. Morales (red.), Mill’s „The Subjection of Women”: Critical Essays, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, s. 1–12.
Hurka T. (1993), Perfectionism, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Mill J.S. (1963–1991), Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, red. J. Robson, 33 tomy, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
Mill J.S. (1995), O rządzie reprezentatywnym. Poddaństwo kobiet, przeł. G. Czernicki, M. Chyżyńska, Kraków: Znak.
Mill J.S. (2005), Utylitaryzm. O wolności, przeł. A. Kurlandzka, M. Ossowska, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Rawls J. (2009), Teoria sprawiedliwości. Wydanie nowe, przeł. M. Panufik, J. Pasek, A. Romaniuk, S. Szymański, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
Rawls J. (2010), Wykłady z historii filozofii polityki, przeł. S. Szymański, Warszawa: Wydawnictwa Akademickie i Profesjonalne.
Tong R.P. (2002), Myśl feministyczna. Wprowadzenie, przeł. J. Mikos, B. Umińska, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Filipow
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Filozofii, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 3, 00‑927 Warszawa

“Research excellence has no gender” initiative – from awareness to transformation

Marta Gmurek Anna Kłos Jacek Ł. Kolanowski
Nauka | 2023 | No 2 | 11-18 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.146054
Keywords research excellence discrimination gender stereotypes female scientist Gender Equality Plan (GEP) Polish Young Academy CoARA
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Abstract

The problem of gender imbalance in Polish science is a clear and widely documented fact confirmed by numerous scientific studies. The gender imbalance affects both women and men depending on scientific disciplines and the level of scientific careers. The sources of this situation, leading to morally unacceptable exclusion of certain demographic groups and the underutilisation of society's full intellectual potential, are both 1) cultural and social aspects and the associated prejudice and discrimination, and 2) institutional aspects, including, inter alia, low and unequal salaries and the widespread use of anachronistic models of assessing scientific excellence that exclude non-traditional career paths and ways of conducting scientific research. In order to broaden the public dialogue on the gender imbalance in science in Poland, on 10.02.2023, the Polish Young Academy of the Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), together with the National Science Centre, the Office of Science Promotion of the PolSCA PAS in Brussels and the Research Centre for Women's Participation in Public Space of the UAM in partnership with the L'Oreal Foundation, organised a conference entitled “Research excellence has no gender”. The event, attended by representatives and authorities of many organisations of the scientific community in Poland, inaugurated a long-term programme under the name “Research excellence has no gender”. The event aimed to draw attention to the existing disparities in science and the need to develop and introduce changes to reduce these disparities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Gmurek
1 2
Anna Kłos
1 3
Jacek Ł. Kolanowski
1 4
  1. Akademia Młodych Uczonych PAN
  2. Politechnika Łódzka
  3. Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna
  4. Instytut Chemii Bioorganicznej PAN

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