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Clustering of extreme rainfalls and evolution of fluvial systems in the Holocene

Leszek Starkel
Studia Quaternaria | 2006 | Vol. 23 | 23-28
Keywords fluvial system clustering of extremes Holocene
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Abstract

The term extreme rainfall refers to an event during which the thresholds of various hydrological and geomorphic processes are exceeded. The frequency of extremes varies in different climatic zones and in time. The clustering of extreme events happens when the extremes are repeated every 2–3 years, every year or even several times a year. Such clusterings disturb the equilibrium of slope and river channel systems and are separated by periods of stability and recovery. The occurences of clusters are exemplified by present – day processes, historical records and geological records. On this base a model of phases with frequent and rare clusterings during the Holocene was constructed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Starkel

The dynamics and rate of denudation of glaciated and non-glaciated catchments, central Spitsbergen

Andrzej Kostrzewski Alfred Kaniecki Janusz Kapuściński Ryszard Klimczak Alfred Stach Zbigniew Zwoliński
Polish Polar Research | 1989 | vol. 10 | No 3 | 317-367
Keywords Arctic Spitsbergen fluvial transport denudation
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Abstract

In the 1985 ablation season studies were made of the dynamics and size of the transport of suspended and dissolved material in a glaciated drainage basin (the Ebbaelva) and an unglaciated one (the Dynamiskbekken) in the central part of West Spitsbergen island. The dynamics of runoff, the exhaustion of sources of transportable suspended material, hysteretic effects during floods, the share of genetic type of water differing in the mineralisation level and chemical content, as well as the role of rain waters in mobilising soluble salts, are the principal factors of transport dynamics. The extremaly warm ablation season caused the extent of denudation to exceed the estimates made so far.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kostrzewski
Alfred Kaniecki
Janusz Kapuściński
Ryszard Klimczak
Alfred Stach
Zbigniew Zwoliński

Development of the flood vulnerability index using a multi-element approach

Entin Hidayah Retno Utami Agung Wiyono Ageng Dwi Wicaksono
Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 50 | 255-264 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.138181
Keywords analytical hierarchy process fluvial flood multi-element vulnerability index
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Abstract

The problem of flood vulnerability has been reviewed in several studies, however, the reviews focused exclusively either on the social or on the physical component of the problem. The components of flood vulnerability are interdependent and each of them makes an equally important contribution to the flood vulnerability index. This study identifies and evaluates the integrated flood vulnerability index ( FVI) of an area by considering its multiple components (social, economic, and environmental). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was applied to evaluate the weight of each component. The evaluation was based on the judgements of experts working at local government policy- making agencies. The input data for the AHP were acquired through a questionnaire survey. Eleven indicators that delivered significant results were then selected. The FVI results show high flood vulnerability at the local scale. The FVI provides the basis for the identification of villages with high vulnerability indices. The results provide essential information about pluvial flood vulnerability at the local scale, about the area with the highest vulnerability index, and the most vulnerable villages. The results also show that the components that have a significant impact on the flood vulnerability index include environmental components (43.4%), social components (28.5%), and physical components (28.1%).
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Authors and Affiliations

Entin Hidayah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Retno Utami Agung Wiyono
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ageng Dwi Wicaksono
1
  1. University of Jember, Faculty of Engineering, Jl. Kalimantan No. 37, Tegalboto Sumbersari, Kec. Sumbersari, Kabupaten Jember, Jawa Timur 68121, Indonesia

Quaternary valley levels and river terraces in the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains

Jan Dzierżek Leszek Lindner Krzysztof Cabalski
Studia Quaternaria | 2019 | vol. 36 | Iss. 2 | 109-118 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2019.126383
Keywords Holy Cross Mountains Quaternary palaeogeography valley sediments fluvial forms
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Abstract

According to the current state of research five sand-gravel accumulation levels of Quaternary age are visible in the morphology of the western part of the Holy Cross Mountains, within the Wierna Rzeka, Hutka and Bobrza river valley systems and the lower stretches of the Biała Nida and Czarna Nida river valleys. Two upper levels (V and IV) correspond to valleys formed during the Odranian Glaciation-Saalian, MIS6 and its reccesional phases under the influence of proglacial and extraglacial waters beyond the extent (to the east) of the maximal ice-sheet limit of this glaciation, reaching to the present-day Leśnica-Gnieździska-Łopuszno line. Two lower levels (III and II) are terraces that were typically formed during the climatic conditions thatprevailed during Vistulian stadials. Sands and gravels of the three upper levels (V−III) contain numerous debris flow deposits and cryoturbation structures documenting periglacial conditions during their accumulation. The lowermost level (I) is a typical Holocene floodplain.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Dzierżek
Leszek Lindner
Krzysztof Cabalski

Middle Pleistocene fluvial, lacustrine and glaciolacustrine sediments of the Czyżów and Kuców Formations (Kuców 9, 10 and 16 sections), Bełchatów outcrop, central Poland – the problem of stratigraphical interpretation

Dariusz Krzyszkowski Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska Małgorzata Nita Dariusz Wieczorek
Studia Quaternaria | 2021 | vol. 38 | No 1 | 53-66 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2020.133760
Keywords lake deposits fluvial deposits oxbow Mazovian Ferdynandovian Kleszczów Graben central Poland
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Abstract

The article presents results of research of three sections (Kuców 9, 10 and 16). Two of them record fluvial and lacustrine interglacial sediments and the third, cold-stage glaciolacustrine sediments. They were formed inside the Miocene– Pliocene syncline depressions in a central part of the southern horst within the Kleszczów Graben. Fluvial and lacustrine deposits of the Middle Pleistocene Interglacial (Mazovian or Ferdynandovian in the Czyżów Formation) are described from the Kuców 9 and 10 sections. Their sediments are located in marginal parts of a buried river valley and within an oxbow palaeolake, then covered by glaciofluvial deposits of the Ławki (Early Saalian) and Rogowiec (Late Saalian) Formations. The Kuców 16 section comprises ice-dam sandy lithofacies (Kuców Formation, Elsterian) of a marginal part in a proglacial lake. Two pollen diagrams of K65/15 and Kuców 9 sections represent the Mazovian (Holsteinian) succession, although in the Kuców 9 section some features are typical for the Ferdinandovian succession.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Krzyszkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lucyna Wachecka-Kotkowska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Nita
3
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Wieczorek
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Wrocław, Institute of Geography and Regional Development, 50-137 Wrocław, Pl. Uniwersytecki 1, Poland
  2. University of Łódź, Department of Geology and Geomorphology, 90-139 Łódź, Narutowicza 88, Poland
  3. University of Silesia, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Będzińska Str. 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
  4. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Holy Cross Branch of Jan Czarnocki, Zgoda 21, 25-953 Kielce, Poland

Non-glacial origin of the Slyngfjellet Conglomerate (Upper Proterozoic), South Spitsbergen

Krzysztof Birkenmajer
Polish Polar Research | 1990 | vol. 11 | No 3-4 | 301-315
Keywords Arctic Spitsbergen Upper Proterozoic geology (debris flow, fluvial,non-glacial metaconglomerate)
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Abstract

The Slyngfjellet Conglomerate which occurs at the base of the Upper Proterozoic Sofiebogen Group in South Spitsbergen had formed predominantly as a debris-flow deposit, with subordinate contribution by fluvial and probably lacustrine sediments. There is no evidence for glacial conditions at the time of formation of the conglomerate, the latter being much older than the latest Proterozoic Varangian glaciation tillites elsewhere in Svalbard. The Slyngfjellet Conglomerate originally filled buried valleys eroded by rivers in block-faulted and uplifted western margin of the Mid-Proterozoic Torellian Basin.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Birkenmajer

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