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Elimination of organic matter by optimising coagulation treatment: Case of water from the Sidi Yacoub dam, Algeria

Taieb Hadbi Saaed Hamoudi Abdelamir

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 51 | 72-77 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.139017

Keywords aluminium sulphate coagulation ferric chloride organic matter Sidi Yacoub dam turbidity

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Abstract

The presence of natural organic matter (NOM) in water has a significant influence on water treatment processes. Water industries around the world consider coagulation/flocculation to be one of the main water treatment methods. The chief objective of conventional coagulation-based processes is to reduce the turbidity of the water and to remove natural organic matter (NOM) present in solutions. The aim of this paper is to present some developments in terms of improved coagulation for the drinking water of Sidi Yacoub treatment plant located in the Northwest of Algeria.
The experiments involved studying the effects of the application of two coagulants (ferric chloride and aluminium sulphate) on the removal of turbidity and natural organic matter from water by measuring the chemical oxygen demand ( COD) and the UV absorbance at 254 nm. The results showed that the rate of turbidity removal increased from 81.3% to 88% when ferric chloride was applied and from 89.91% to 94% when aluminium sulphate was applied. For NOM removal, the maximum removal rates of COD and UV254 were 48% and 52%, respectively, in the case of ferric chloride. These rates increased to 59% and 65% after optimised coagulation. When aluminium sulphate was used, the rate of removal in water increased from 43% to 55% for COD and from 47% to 59% for UV254 after optimised coagulation. The combination of the two coagulants at equal dosage shows a slight improvement in the values obtained after optimisation, both in terms of turbidity and the NOM.

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Authors and Affiliations

Taieb Hadbi

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Saaed Hamoudi Abdelamir

University of Science and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf of Oran, Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering, El Mnaouar, BP 1505, Bir El Djir 31000, Oran, Algeria
Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Chlef, Algeria

Corrosion Resistance of Cast Duplex Steels

P. Müller V. Pernica V. Kaňa

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2022 | vol. 22 | No 3 | 5-10 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2022.140230

Keywords Cast duplex steel Pitting resistance equivalent number Ferric chloride Critical pitting temperature Mechanical properties

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The aim of this work is to investigate the resistance of cast duplex (austenitic-ferritic) steels to pitting corrosion with respect to the value of PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number). Pitting corrosion is one of the most common types of corrosion of stainless steels. In most cases, it is caused by the penetration of aggressive anions through the protective passive layer of the steel, and after its disruption, it leads to subsurface propagation of corrosion. The motivation for the research was a severe pitting corrosion attack on the blades of the gypsum-calcium water mixer in a thermal power plant operation.
In order to examine the corrosion resistance, 4 samples of 1.4517 steel with different concentrations of alloying elements (within the interval indicated by the steel grade) and thus with a different PREN value were cast. The corrosion resistance of the samples was evaluated by the ASTM G48 – 11 corrosion test in a 6% aqueous FeCl3 solution at room and elevated solution temperatures. To verify the possible effect of different alloying element concentrations on the mechanical properties, the research was supplemented by tensile and Charpy impact tests. Based on the results, it was found that a significant factor in the resistance of duplex steels to pitting corrosion is the temperature of the solution. For the components in operation, it is therefore necessary to take this effect into account and thoroughly control and manage the temperature of the environment in which the components operate.

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Bibliography

[1] Reardon, A. (2011). 12.5 Duplex Stainless Steels. In metallurgy for the non-metallurgist (2nd Edition). Ohio: ASM International, ISBN 978-1-61503-821-3, Retrieved from https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/pdf/id:kt009JBTT4/metallurgy-non-metallurgist/duplex-stainless-steels
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[4] Revie, R.W. ed. (2011). In Uhlig’s Corrosion Handbook [online]. Third edition. Duplex stainless steels. (695–705). Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 2011 [cit. 2020-06-14]. ISBN 978-1-61344-161-9. Retrieved from https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/pdf/id:kt008TZY32/uhlig-s-corrosion-handbook/duplex-sta-history
[5] Prošek, T. & Šefl, V. (2018). Corrosion resistance of stainless steel in drinking water treatment plants and water storage units. Koroze a ochrana materialu. 62(4), 141-147. DOI: 10.2478/kom-2018-0020.
[6] Cicek, V. (2014). Corrosion engineering. Hoboken, New Jersey: Scrivener Publishing/Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-72089-9. Retrieved from https://app.knovel.com/hotlink/toc/id:kpCE00004B/corrosion-engineering/corrosion-engineering.
[7] Marcus, P. ed. (2012). Corrosion mechanisms in theory and practice. Third edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Corrosion technology (Boca Raton, Fla.). ISBN 978-1-4200-9463-3.
[8] G48 - 11(2015). Standard test methods for pitting and crevice corrosion resistance of stainless steels and related alloys by use of ferric chloride solution. West Conshohocken: ASTM International, 2015.
[9] Jargelius-Pettersson, R.F.A. (1998). Application of the pitting resistance equivalent concept to some highly alloyed austenitic stainless steels. Corrosion. 54(2), 162-168. DOI: 10.5006/1.3284840.
[10] (2015). Austenitic-ferritic (duplex) casting materials [online]. Otto Junker, 2015 [cit. 2020-06-25]. Retrieved from: https://www.otto-junker.com/cache/dl-Austenitic-Ferritic-DUPLEX-Casting-Materials-aa4d1dd1db00d37343728c6ba0598a75.pdf

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P. Müller

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V. Pernica

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V. Kaňa

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Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic

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Elimination of organic matter by optimising coagulation treatment: Case of water from the Sidi Yacoub dam, Algeria

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Corrosion Resistance of Cast Duplex Steels

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