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Optimization of fluoride removal using ultrasonically improved electrochemically generated adsorbent: A Taguchi approach

Kunjan C. Junghare Shyam M. Kodape Ajit P. Rathod Dilip H. Lataye

Chemical and Process Engineering | 2022 | vol. 43 | No 2 (The International Chemical Engineering Conference 2021 (ICHEEC): 100 Glorious Years of Chemical Engineering and Technology, held from September 16–19, 2021 at Dr B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. Guest editor: Dr Raj Kumar Arya, Dr Anurag Kumar Tiwari) | 109-117 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2022.140814

Keywords isotherms kinetics defluoridation electrolyte ultrasonication

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Abstract

Ultrasonically improved electrochemically generated adsorbent (UEGA) has been synthesized and used for adsorption of fluoride ions from fluoride laden waste water. UEGA was prepared in two major steps, firstly electrochemically generated adsorbent (EGA) was prepared using electrolytic method followed by ultrasonication treatment. Ultrasonication causes size reduction which leads to increase in surface area viz. active site which helps to enhance attachment of negatively charged fluoride ion on positively changed UEGA from waste water. UEGA was prepared at three different amplitude i.e. 50, 70 and 90% respectively. Taguchi optimization for defluoridationwas carried out considering operating parameters such as initial concentration; contact time; adsorbent dose; and temperature. The results obtained demonstrated that adsorption showed different fluoride removal at varying frequency. This study proved that varying percentage amplitude of ultrasonication significantly affects defluoridation efficiency.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kunjan C. Junghare

1

Shyam M. Kodape

1

Ajit P. Rathod

1

Dilip H. Lataye

1

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur

Comparison of Electrochemical Micromachining Performance using TOPSIS, VIKOR and GRA for Magnetic field and UV rays heated Electrolyte

K.G. Saravanan R. Thanigaivelan M. Soundarrajan

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 5 | e138816 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.138816

Keywords electrolyte magnet UV heating TOPSIS VIKOR GRA

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Abstract

The application of micro components in various fields such as biomedical, medical, automobile, electronics, automobile and aviation significantly improved. To manufacture the micro components, different techniques exist in the non-traditional machining process. In those techniques, electrochemical micromachining (ECMM) exhibits a unique machining nature, such as no tool wear, non-contact machining process, residual stress, and heat-affected zone. Hence, in this study, micro holes were fabricated on the copper work material. The sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) electrolyte is considered for the experiments. During the experiments, magnetic fields strength along with UV rays are applied to the electrolyte. The L₁₈ orthogonal array (OA) experimental design is planned with electrolyte concentration (EC), machining voltage (MV), duty cycle (DC) and electrolyte temperature (ET). The optimization techniques such as similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) and grey relational analysis (GRA) were employed to find the optimal parameter combinations. The entropy weight method is used to assess the weight of responses such as MR and OC. The optimal combination using TOPSIS, VIKOR and GRA methods shows the same results for the experimental runs 8, 9 and 7, and the best optimal parameter combination is 28 g/l EC, 11 V MV, 85 % DC and 37°C ET. Based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) results, electrolyte concentration plays a significant role by contributing 86 % to machining performance. The second and least contributions are DC (3.86 %) and ET (1.74 %) respectively on the performance. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images analyses are carried out to understand the effect of magnetic field and heated electrolyte on the work material.

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Authors and Affiliations

K.G. Saravanan

R. Thanigaivelan

M. Soundarrajan

Plasma Coatings on Aluminium-Silicon Alloy Surfaces

P. Długosz A. Garbacz-Klempka J. Piwowońska P. Darłak M. Młynarczyk

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 3 | 96-101 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.138671

Keywords Plasma electrolytic oxidation Al-Si alloy anodizing

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Abstract

Plasma oxidation, similarly to anodic oxidation (anodizing), are classified as electrochemical surface treatment of metals such as Al, Mg, Ti and their alloys. This type of treatment is used to make surface of castings, plastically processed products, shaped with incremental methods to suitable for certain requirements. The most important role of the micro plasma coating is to protect the metal surface against corrosion. It is well known that coating of aluminium alloys containing silicon using anodic oxidation causes significant difficulties. They are linked to the eutectic nature of this alloy and result in a lack of coverage in silicon-related areas. The coating structure in these areas is discontinuous. In order to eliminate this phenomenon, it is required to apply oxidation coatings using the PEO (Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation) method. It allows a consistent, crystalline coating to be formed. This study presents the mechanical properties of the coatings applied to Al-Si alloy using the PEO method. As part of the testing, the coating thickness, microhardness and scratch resistance were determined. On the basis of the results obtained, it was concluded that the thickness of the coatings complies with the requirements of conventional anodizing. Additionally, microhardness values exceeded the results obtained with standard methods.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Długosz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

A. Garbacz-Klempka

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

J. Piwowońska

1

P. Darłak

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Młynarczyk

3

Lukasiewicz Research Network - Krakow Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopiańska Str. 30-418 Cracow, Poland
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Reymonta 23 Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, 23 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland

THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF Ag-Pt ALLOY MEASURED USING A SOLID ELECTROCHEMICAL METHOD

I. Santoso P. Taskinen

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 1 | DOI: 10.24425/118927

Keywords silver conducting electrolyte EMF method Silver Platinum Thermodynamics

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Authors and Affiliations

I. Santoso

P. Taskinen

Current Fluctuation Measurements of Amperometric Gas Sensors Constructed with Three Different Technology Procedures

Petr Sedlak Petr Kubersky Pavel Skarvada Ales Hamacek Vlasta Sedlakova Jiri Majzner Stanislav Nespurek Josef Sikula

Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2016 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 531-543 | DOI: 10.1515/mms-2016-0042

Keywords current fluctuations noise measurement amperometric sensor solid polymer electrolyte

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Abstract

Electrochemical amperometric gas sensors represent a well-established and versatile type of devices with unique features: good sensitivity and stability, short response/recovery times, and low power consumption. These sensors operate at room temperature, and therefore have been applied in monitoring air pollutants and detection of toxic and hazardous gases in a number of areas. Some drawbacks of classical electrochemical sensors are overcome by the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on ionic liquids. This work presents evaluation of an SPE-based amperometric sensor from the point of view of current fluctuations. The sensor is based on a novel three-electrode sensor platform with solid polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid for detection of nitrogen dioxide − a highly toxic gas that is harmful to the environment and presenting a possible threat to human health even at low concentrations. The paper focuses on using noise measurement (electric current fluctuation measurement) for evaluation of electrochemical sensors which were constructed by different fabrication processes: (i) lift-off and drop-casting technology, (ii) screen printing technology on a ceramic substrate and (iii) screen printing on a flexible substrate.

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Authors and Affiliations

Petr Sedlak

Petr Kubersky

Pavel Skarvada

Ales Hamacek

Vlasta Sedlakova

Jiri Majzner

Stanislav Nespurek

Josef Sikula

Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Fern Nephrolepis Biserrata (Sw.) Schott. to Coccus Hesperidum L. Infestation

Katarzyna Golan Katarzyna Rubinowska Edyta Górska-Drabik

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2013 | vol. 55 | No 1 | DOI: 10.2478/abcsb-2013-0007

Keywords Biotic stress electrolyte leakage malondialdehyde antioxidant enzymes guaiacol peroxidase catalase

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Abstract

We examined the effects of feeding by the polyphagous insect Coccus hesperidum on its host plant Nephrolepis biserrata under different intensities of infestation. As an effect of scale insect feeding there were significant changes in the values of parameters reflecting the state of cell membranes. N. biserrata plants reacted to the biotic stress by increasing guaiacol peroxidase activity and decreasing catalase activity. Our data show that these processes play key roles in plant tolerance mechanisms, here the fern’s response to insect feeding. The observed complex reaction of N. biserrata testifies to actively proceeding, complex and very often contrasting mechanisms triggered with the aim of neutralizing the effects of biotic stress and enabling normal cell functioning in plants attacked by scale insects

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Golan

Katarzyna Rubinowska

Edyta Górska-Drabik

Speciation Analysis of Arsenic in Copper Electrolyte Baths Using Liquid-liquid Extraction and ICP-OES Method Detection

E. Stefanov S. Georgieva

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 2 | 607-613 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137797

Keywords arsenic speciation analysis copper electrolyte ICP-OES method extraction

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Abstract

The present study describes a method for the determination of As (III) and As (V) in copper electrolytes. The method is based on the separation of As (III) from a copper electrolyte by triple liquid-liquid extraction using a non-polar organic solvent in a medium of 10-12 mol L–1 HCl. The extract contains As (III) and the raffinate-As (V), respectively. As(III) specie can be re-extracted from the organic solvent through the water. Analyzes of the concentration of As in the re-extract and raffinate were performed by ICP-OES spectroscopic method. The average recovery of arsenic by the proposed method is about 99%. Repeatability was estimated with RSD (n = 6). Selectivity and accuracy were proven by the standard addition method. The relative error for restoring the standard addition of As (III) is about 0.3%. The speciation method analysis could be applied for determination of the arsenic species in the analytical quality control of refined copper in copper tanks in the production of copper cathodes.

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Authors and Affiliations

E. Stefanov

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

S. Georgieva

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Department of Analytic Chemistry, 8, St. Kliment Ohridski Blvd, 1756, Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

2D computer simulation of phenomena occurring in the inter-electrode gap during electrochemical machining with vibrating electrode

Lucjan Dąbrowski Tomasz Paczkowski

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2004 | vol. 51 | No 4 | 491-513

Keywords electrochemical machining ECM electrolyte flow computer simulation vibrating electrode

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Abstract

In the paper, the authors present a mathematical and numerical model of two-dimensional electrolyte flow in an interelectrode gap. Computer software for flow simulation with the possibility of visualization of distribution of physical conditions during process has been elaborated. The proposed mathematical model of electrolyte flow was verified experimentally by comparing real profiles of machined surface with profiles obtained in computer simulation. For this purpose there was examined a case of machining with a vibrating electrode and without vibrations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lucjan Dąbrowski

Tomasz Paczkowski

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Evaluation of Electropolishing Characteristics of 316L Stainless Steel Tube in Contaminated Electrolyte

Woo-Chul Jung Hyunseok Yang Seon-Jin Choi Man-Sik Kong

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2024 | vol. 69 | No 1 | 123-127 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2024.147799

Keywords Electropolishing 316L stainless steel Electrolyte contamination Surface roughness

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Abstract

In the electropolishing process, the polishing quality of the metal surface varies according to the contamination of the electrolyte. In this study, the electrolyte was evaluated according to the usage time, and the effect of each factor on electropolishing was investigated. As the electrolyte is contaminated, the concentration of metal ions in the electrolyte increases and the ion conductivity decreases. In addition, the pH and specific gravity of the electrolyte increase due to the metal sludge formed as the metal ion concentration increases. When the electrolyte usage time was more than 5 days, many scratches remained on the surface of 316L stainless steel, and relatively high surface roughness was measured. The surface roughness improvement rate compared to the initial specimen was 30% for the unused electrolyte, 26% on the 3rd day, 19% on the 5th day, and 17.5% on the 13th day. Since the low current density due to electrolyte contamination causes a decrease in polishing efficiency, initial scratches on the metal surface still exist on the polished surface. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the electrolyte to maintain the quality of electropolishing.

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Authors and Affiliations

Woo-Chul Jung

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hyunseok Yang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Seon-Jin Choi

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Man-Sik Kong

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Advanced Material & Processing Center (Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin, Korea)
Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea

The effects of operating conditions on the performance of a direct carbon fuel cell

Andrzej Kacprzak Rafał Kobyłecki Zbigniew Bis

Archives of Thermodynamics | 2013 | No 4 December | 187-197 | DOI: 10.2478/aoter-2013-0037

Keywords Direct carbon fuel cell Biochar Molten hydroxide electrolyte Carbon anode Air cathode

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Abstract

The influences of various operating conditions including cathode inlet air flow rate, electrolyte temperature and fuel particles size on the performance of the direct carbon fuel cell DCFC were presented and discussed in this paper. The experimental results indicated that the cell performance was enhanced with increases of the cathode inlet gas flow rate and cell temperature. Binary alkali hydroxide mixture (NaOH-LiOH, 90-10 mol%) was used as electrolyte and the biochar of apple tree origin carbonized at 873 K was used as fuel. Low melting temperature of the electrolyte and its good ionic conductivity enabled to operate the DCFC at medium temperatures of 723-773 K. The highest current density (601 A m−2) was obtained for temperature 773 K and air flow rate 8.3×106 m3s−1. Itwas shown that too low or too high air flow rates negatively affect the cell performance. The results also indicated that the operation of the DCFC could be improved by proper selection of the fuel particle size.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kacprzak

Rafał Kobyłecki

Zbigniew Bis

Towards cubic modification of Li7La3ZR2O12 compound by mechanical milling and annealing of powders

D. Oleszak B. Kurowski T. Pikula M. Pawlyta M. Senna H. Suzuki

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 1 | 13-16 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.126211

Keywords lithium-ion batteries solid state electrolyte mechanical milling XRD DSC/TG

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Abstract

The aim of these studies was to obtain single phase cubic modification of Li7La3Zr2O12 by mechanical milling and annealing of La(OH)3, Li2CO3 and ZrO2 powder mixture. Fritsch P5 planetary ball mill, Rigaku MiniFlex II X-ray diffractometer, Setaram TG-DSC 1500 analyser and FEI Titan 80-300 transmission electron microscope were used for sample preparation and investigations. The applied milling and annealing parameters allowed to obtain the significant contribution of c-Li7La3Zr2O12 in the sample structure, reaching 90%. Thermal measurements revealed more complex reactions requiring further studies.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Oleszak

B. Kurowski

T. Pikula

M. Pawlyta

M. Senna

H. Suzuki

Analysis of the current state and development of direct carbon fuel cells with an alkaline electrolyte

Andrzej Kacprzak

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2018 | vol. 21 | No 4 | 87–102 | DOI: 10.24425/124509

Keywords direct carbon fuel cell alkaline electrolyte high efficiency energy technologies fossil carbons biochar

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Abstract

Among the numerous modern, high-efficiency energy technologies allowing for the conversion of chemical energy of coal into electricity and heat, the Direct Carbon Fuel Cells (DCFC) deserve special attention. These are devices that allow, as the only one among all types of fuel cells, to directly convert the chemical energy contained in solid fuel (coal) into electricity. In addition, they are characterized by high efficiency and low emission of pollutants. The paper reviews and discusses previous research and development works, both around the world and in Poland, into the technology of direct carbon fuel cells with an alkaline (hydroxide) electrolyte.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kacprzak

Solar chargers based on new dye-based photovoltaic modules and new supercapacitors

Ireneusz Plebankiewicz Krzysztof. A. Bogdanowicz Paweł Kwaśnicki Magdalena Skunik-Nuckowska Patryk M. Rączka Paweł Kulesza Agnieszka Iwan Wojciech Przybył

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 4 | e146452 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.146452

Keywords dye-sensitized solar cell supercapacitor redox-active electrolyte current source energy storage system Artificial Intelligence

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Abstract

Electricity storage is one of the best-known methods of balancing the energy supply and demand at a given moment. The article presents an innovative solution for the construction of an electric energy storage device obtained from an innovative photovoltaic panel made of new dye-based photovoltaic modules and newly developed supercapacitors – which can be used as an emergency power source. In the paper, for the first time, we focused on the successful paring of new dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with novel supercapacitors. In the first step, a microprocessor stand was constructed using Artificial Intelligence algorithms to control the parameters of the environment, as well as the solar charger composed of six DSSC cells with the dimensions of 100_100 mm and 126 CR2032 coin cells with a total capacitance of 60 F containing redox-active aqueous electrolyte. It was proven that the solar charger store enough energy to power, i.e. SOS transmitter or igniters, using a 5 V signal.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ireneusz Plebankiewicz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Krzysztof. A. Bogdanowicz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Paweł Kwaśnicki

2 3

Magdalena Skunik-Nuckowska

4

Patryk M. Rączka

3

Paweł Kulesza

4

Agnieszka Iwan

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wojciech Przybył

1

Military Institute of Engineer Technology, ul. Obornicka 136, 50-961 Wrocław, Poland
Research & Development Centre for Photovoltaics, ML System S.A. Zaczernie 190G, 36-062 Zaczernie, Poland
Department of Physical Chemistry and Physicochemical Basis of Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering in Stalowa Wola, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, ul. Ofiar Katynia 6, 37-450 Stalowa Wola Poland
Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University, ul. Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland

Analysis of the effect of inertial forces of the electrolyte flow on the ECM machining effects of curvilinear rotary surfaces

Jerzy Sawicki Tomasz Paczkowski Jarosław Zdrojewski

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 645-666 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2022.143097

Keywords centrifugal forces longitudinal forces electrochemical machining electrolyte flow computer simulation method of perturbation

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Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of the impact of inertial forces of the electrolyte flow in an interelectrode gap on the effects of ECM process of curvilinear rotary surfaces. Considering a laminar flow in the interelectrode gap, the equations of the flow of the mixture of electrolyte and hydrogen in the curvilinear orthogonal coordinate system have been defined. Two classes of equations of motion have been formulated, which differ in the estimates referred to the components of velocity and pressure, and which were analytically solved using the method of perturbation.
Using the machined surface shape evolution equation, the energy equation, and the analytical solutions for velocity and pressure, the ECM-characteristic distributions have been determined: of mean velocity, pressure, mean temperature, current density, gas phase concentration, the gap height after the set machining time for the case when there is no influence of inertial forces, the effect of centrifugal forces and, at the same time, centrifugal and longitudinal inertial forces.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Sawicki

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tomasz Paczkowski

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jarosław Zdrojewski

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Mechanics and Computer Methods, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Department of Manufacturing Techniques, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Department of Digital Technology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland

Electrochemical Properties of Flexible Anode with SnO2 Nanopowder for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Huihun Kim Milan K. Sadan Changhyeon Kim Ga-In Choi Minjun Seong Kwon-Koo Cho Ki-Won Kim Jou-Hyeon Ahn Hyo-Jun Ahn

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 4 | 931-934 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136399

Keywords Sodium-ion batteries SnO2 anode Flexible electrode Nano SnO2 particles Ether based electrolyte

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Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted substantial interest as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries because of the low cost. There have been many studies on the development of new anode materials that could react with sodium by conversion mechanism. SnO2 is a promising candidate due to its low cost and high theoretical capacity. However, SnO2 has the same problem as other anodes during the conversion reaction, i.e., the volume of the anode repeatedly expands and contracts by cycling. Herein, anode is composed of carbon nanofiber embedded with SnO2 nanopowder. The resultant electrode showed improvement of cyclability. The optimized SnO2 electrode showed high capacity of 1275 mAh g–1 at a current density of 50 mA g–1. The high conductivity of the optimized electrode resulted in superior electrochemical performance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Huihun Kim

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Milan K. Sadan

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Changhyeon Kim

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ga-In Choi

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Minjun Seong

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kwon-Koo Cho

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ki-Won Kim

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jou-Hyeon Ahn

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Hyo-Jun Ahn

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gyeongsang National University, Research Institute for Green Energy Convergence Technology, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
Gyeongsang National University, Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, RIGET, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea

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