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Number of results: 29
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Abstract

Predicted climate change may have negative impact on many environmental components including vegetation by increase of evapotranspiration and reduction of available water resources. Moreover, a growing global population and extensive use of water for irrigation and industry result in increasing demand for water. Facing these threats, quantitative and qualitative protection of water resources requires development of tools for drought assessment and prediction to support effective decision making and mitigate the impacts of droughts. Therefore, the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management, National Research Institute has developed and implemented a set of tools for the operational drought hazard assessment. The developed tools cover drought indices estimation, assessment of sensitivity to it formation and drought hazard prediction. They are streamlined into an operational scheme combined with data assimilation routines and products generation procedures.

A drought hazard assessment scheme was designed to be implemented into the platform of a hydrological system supporting the operational work of hydrological forecast offices. The scheme was launched to run operationally for the selected catchments of the Odra River and the Wisla River basins. The crucial resulting products are presented on the website operated by IMWM-NRI: POSUCH@ (Operational System for Providing Drought Prediction and Characteristics) (http://posucha.imgw.pl/). The paper presents the scheme and preliminary results obtained for the drought event which began in August 2011.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tamara Tokarczyk
Wiwiana Szalińska
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Abstract

Drought is one of the important phenomena resulting from variability and climate change. It has negative effects on all economic, agricultural and social sectors. The objective of this study is to rapidly detect climate dryness situations on an annual scale at the Mellah catchment (Northeast Algeria) for periods ranging from 31 years through the calculation of: the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the standardized Streamflow index (SSFI), the standardized temperature index (STI). Calculations made it possible to locate periods of drought more precisely by their intensity, duration and frequency, and detect years of breaks using the tests of Pettitt, rang, Lee and Heghinian, Hubert and Buishand. The use of the statistical tests for the rainfall series analyzed show all breaks, the majority of which are in 1996/1997 and 2001/2002. For the tem-peratures the breaks are situated in 1980/1981.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lina Bendjema
Kamila Baba-Hamed
Abderrazak Bouanani
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Abstract

Uncertainties as to how the climate will change and how it will influence the necessities and trends of irrigation development lead to a number of serious questions to be answered in the near future. How irrigation and water systems will have to adapt to climate changes is a challenge that planners, designers and O&M services will have to cope with.

It is widely accepted that air temperature in Poland will increase of 2–4°C, however a total yearly precipitation will not vary yet its pattern during the year may change towards higher in winter and lower in summer. Evapotranspiration and crop water demand may rise due to both an increase in temperature and duration of crop growth cycles.

Three main factors are expected to exert an accelerating influence on the development of irrigation: increased frequency and intensity of droughts and long-lasting precipitation-free periods with the high insolation and high air temperatures resulting from climate change; the intensification of agricultural production (e.g. in horticulture, orchards, seed crops), being forced by both domestic and European free-market competition; the necessity of reaching high level of quality for the majority of agricultural products.

To mitigate negative effects of climate change and extreme events, appropriate adaptation methods and adaptation strategies should be developed and implemented in existing irrigation and water control systems. A number of technological and organisational steps should be taken to improve operation, management, administration and decision making processes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Łabędzki
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Abstract

The research was conducted in Tartous Governorate during the two agricultural seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020) under control conditions, the aim of the research is to study the relationship between the productivity of five promising strains of bread wheat (‘ACSAD 1256’, ‘Douma 58847’, ‘Douma 58585’, ‘Douma 64453’, ‘ACSAD 1149’) and two cultivars (‘Douma 2’ and ‘Douma 4’) and some quantitative indicators of drought: stress tolerance index ( STI), mean of productivity ( MP), modified stress tolerance index ( MSTI), and relative yield ( RY).
Cultivation was carried out in pots filled with light sandy silty soil, and three treatments of 70, 50, and 30% of the field capacity were applied in addition to the control and with three replications for each treatment.
The strains ‘Douma 58585’ and ‘Douma 58847’ gave high yield values for grain in the two agricultural seasons. It was also found that there were significant differences between the two seasons in yield between the control and drought stress factors and drought tolerance indicators, such as stress tolerance index, modified stress tolerance index ( MSTI), mean of productivity ( MP), and relative yield ( RY).
On the other hand, a positive and strong relationship was found between STI, MSTI, and MP in both treatments and both seasons. The research concluded that the best indicators, which were related to the productivity, whether in the control or transactions and in the two growing seasons together, are STI and MP, which are promising indicators in the classification of stress-tolerant cultivars or strains.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lubna Barhom
1
Hayat Touchan
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Tishreen University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, Lattakia, Syria
  2. Aleppo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Field Crops Department, 12212, Aleppo, Halab, Syria
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Abstract

The drought ranked first in terms the natural hazard characteristics and impacts followed by tropical cyclones, regional floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes. Drought monitoring is an important aspect of drought risk management and the assessment of drought is usually done through using various drought indices. The western region in Algeria is the most affected by the drought since the middle of the 70s.The current research focuses on the analysis and comparison of four meteorological drought indices (standardized precipitation index – SPI, percent of normal index – PN, decile index – DI, and rainfall anomaly index – RAI) in the Tafna basin for different time scales (annual, seasonal, and monthly) during 1979–2011. The results showed that the SPI and DI have similar frequencies for dry and wet categories. The RAI and PN were able to detect more drought categories. Meanwhile, all indices have strong positive correlations between each other, especially with Spearman correlation tests (0.99; 1.0), the meteorological drought indices almost showed consistent and similar results in the study area. It was determined in 1982 as the driest year and 2008 as the wettest year in the period of the study. The analysis of the trend was based on the test of Mann– Kendall (MK), a positive trend of the indices were detected on a monthly scale, this increasing of indices trend represent the increasing of the wet categories which explains the increasing trend of the rainfall in the last 2000s. These results overview of the understanding of drought trends in the region is crucial for making strategies and assist in decision making for water resources management and reducing vulnerability to drought.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanane Bougara
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Kamila Baba Hamed
1
Christian Borgemeister
3
ORCID: ORCID
Bernhard Tischbein
3
ORCID: ORCID
Navneet Kumar
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Abou Bekr Belkaid, Faculty of Technology, Tlemcen BP 230 - 13000, Chetouane Tlemcen, Algeria
  2. Pan African University Institute of Water and Energy Sciences (PAUWES), Tlemcen, Algeria
  3. University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF), Bonn, Germany
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Abstract

Drought: the very word instills dread, conjuring

up images of dried-up wells, barren earth, and – perhaps worse still – empty taps and long lines to access wells. Is Poland likely to experience significant water shortages?

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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzta Woźnicka
Agnieszka Kowalczyk
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Poland is among the countries that are facing water stress, although we largely remain accustomed to having water always there when we need it. Should we take this unrestricted access for granted?

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew M. Karaczun
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Abstract

Satellite remote sensing provides a synoptic view of the land and a spatial context for measuring drought impacts, which have proved to be a valuable source of spatially continuous data with improved information for monitoring vegetation dynamics. Many studies have focused on detecting drought effects over large areas, given the wide availability of low-resolution images. In this study, however, the objective was to focus on a smaller area (1085 km2) using Landsat ETM+ images (multispectral resolution of 30 m and 15 m panchromatic), and to process very accurate Land Use Land Cover (LULC) classification to determine with great precision the effects of drought in specific classes. The study area was the Tortugas-Tepezata sub watershed (Moctezuma River), located in the state of Hidalgo in central Mexico. The LULC classification was processed using a new method based on available ancillary information plus analysis of three single date satellite images. The newly developed LULC methodology developed produced overall accuracies ranging from 87.88% to 92.42%. Spectral indices for vegetation and soil/vegetation moisture were used to detect anomalies in vegetation development caused by drought; furthermore, the area of water bodies was measured and compared to detect changes in water availability for irrigated crops. The proposed methodology has the potential to be used as a tool to identify, in detail, the effects of drought in rainfed agricultural lands in developing regions, and it can also be used as a mechanism to prevent and provide relief in the event of droughts.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andres Sierra-Soler
Jan Adamowski
Zhiming Qi
Hossein Saadat
Santosh Pingale
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Abstract

Climate change causes various events, such as El Niño , and we experience their larger frequency. This study based on a quantitative approach uses observation data from the Umbu Mehang Kunda Meteorological Station and the Ocean Niño Index ( ONI). As a result, East Sumba, which has an arid climate, has more challenges in dealing with drought and water deficits during El Niño. This study identifies rainfall when the El Niño phenomenon takes place in East Sumba through data contributing to the ONI value and dry day series from 1982 to 2019. The analysis was carried out by reviewing these data descriptively and supported by previous literature studies. The research found that there was a decrease in the accumulative total rainfall in El Niño years. The annual rainfall in the last six El Niño events is lower than the annual rainfall in the first six El Niño events. The dry day series is dominated by an extreme drought (>60 days) which generally occurs from July to October. This drought clearly has a major impact on livelihoods and causes difficulties in agriculture as well as access to freshwater. This results in crop failure, food shortages, and decreased income. The phenomenon triggers price inflation in the market and potential increase in poverty, hunger, and pushes the country further away from the first and second Sustainable Development Goals. This phenomenon and problems related to it need to be dealt with by multistakeholders.
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Bibliography

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KAIN M.M., WAHID A., GERU A.S. 2018. Analisis Pengaruh El Niño Terhadap Hujan di Nusa Tenggara Timur [Analysis of the effect of El Nino on Rain in East Nusa Tenggara]. Jurnal Fisika. Vol. 3(2) p. 155–162.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mahawan Karuniasa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Priyaji Agung Pambudi
1

  1. University of Indonesia, School of Environmental Science, Salemba Raya Street No. 4, Central Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Abstract

Drought is an extreme event that causes great economic and environmental damage. The main objective of this study is to evaluate sensitivity, characterization and propagation of drought in the Upper Blue Nile. Drought indices: standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the recently developed standardized reconnaissance drought index (RDIst) are applied for five weather stations from 1980 to 2015 to evaluate RDIst applicability in the Upper Blue Nile. From our analysis both SPI and RDIst applied for 3-, 6-, 12 month of time scales follow the same trend, but in some time steps the RDIst varies with small-er amplitude than SPI. The severity and longer duration of drought compared with others periods of meteorological drought is found in the years 1984, 2002, 2009, 2015 including five weather stations and entire Upper Blue Nile. For drought rela-tionships the correlation analysis is made across the time scales to evaluate the relationship between meteorological drought (SPI), soil moisture drought (SMI), and hydrological drought (SRI). We found that the correlation between three indices (SPI, SMI and SRI) at different time scales the 24-month time scale is dominant and are given by 0.82, 0.63 and 0.56.

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Authors and Affiliations

Abebe Kebede
Jaya Prakash Raju
Diriba Korecha
Samuel Takele
Melessew Nigussie
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Abstract

In order to evaluate morphological and physiological traits related to drought tolerance and to determine the best criteria for screening and identification of drought-tolerant genotypes, we grew two tolerant genotypes (MCC392, MCC877) and two sensitive genotypes (MCC68, MCC448) of chickpea under drought stress (25% field capacity) and control (100% field capacity) conditions and assessed the effect of drought stress on growth, water relations, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence and chlorophyll content in the seedling, early flowering and podding stages. Drought stress significantly decreased shoot dry weight, CO2 assimilation rate (A), transpiration rate (E), and Psii photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) in all genotypes. In the seedling and podding stages, Psii photochemical efficiency was higher in tolerant genotypes than in sensitive genotypes under drought stress. Water use efficiency (WUE) and CO2 assimilation rate were also higher in tolerant than in sensitive genotypes in all investigated stages under drought stress. Our results indicated that water use efficiency, A and Fv/Fm can be useful markers in studies of tolerance to drought stress and in screening adapted cultivars of chickpea under drought stress.

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Authors and Affiliations

Raheleh Rahbarian
Ramazanali Khavari-Nejad
Ali Ganjeali
Abdolreza Bagheri
Farzaneh Najafi
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Abstract

As the impact of global climate change increases, the interaction of biotic and abiotic stresses increasingly threatens current agricultural practices. The most effective solution to the problem of climate change and a decrease in the amount of atmospheric precipitation is planting extremely drought-resistant and high-yielding crops. Sorghum can grow in harsh conditions such as salinity, drought and limited nutrients, also it is an important part of the diet in many countries. Sorghum can be introduced in many zones of Kazakhstan. Plant height and yield of green plant biomass of 16 sorghum samples in arid conditions were determined based on a set of agrobiological characteristics for field screening. The height of the studied samples of grain sorghum was 0.47 ±0.03 m, and the height of sweet sorghum was much longer, reaching up to 2.88 ±0.12 m. Also, there was a strong difference in green biomass in cultivated areas under different soil and climatic conditions, the green biomass of sweet sorghum was 3.0 Mg∙ha –1, and in grain sorghum, it reached up to 57.4 Mg∙ha –1. Based on the data of the field assessment for various soil and climatic conditions, the following samples were identified for introduction into production: samples of sweet sorghum for irrigated and rainfed lands of the Almaty Region and in the conditions of non-irrigation agriculture of the Aktobe Region – a promising line ICSV 93046. For non-irrigation agriculture of the Akmola Region, genotypes of sweet and grain sorghum are ‘Chaika’, ‘Kinelskoe 4’ and ‘Volzhskoe 44’.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rauan Zhapayev
1
Kristina Toderich
2 3
Gulya Kunypiyaeva
1
Meruyert Kurmanbayeva
4
Mustafa Mustafayev
5
ORCID: ORCID
Zhumagali Ospanbayev
1
Aiman Omarova
1
Adil Kusmangazinov
4

  1. Kazakh Research Institute of Agriculture and Plant Growing, Laboratory of Agriculture, Erlepesov St, 1, 040909, Almalybak, Kazakhstan
  2. International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
  3. International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), Dubai, UAE
  4. Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  5. Azerbaijan National Academy of Science, Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Baku, Azerbaijan
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Abstract

In Vietnam, drought has been occurring persistently and in very complicated patterns, with a great impact on the water, energy, and food security nexus and regional development sustainability. The uncertainty surrounding annual water resources in combination with the low reliability of interbasin water transfer (IBWT) operations is the key driver of water deficits in several affected regions. This study aims to assess the impacts of four big IBWT projects in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, based on a proposed matrix of five evaluation criteria to quantify related impacts and to draw out lessons learned for future development of IBWT. The proposed criteria matrix was formulated on the basis of intensive reviews of IBWT assessments worldwide and relevant Vietnamese laws in force. The impacts were analysed and quantified mainly based on assessment of their operational database and water balance simulations for donor and recipient river basins in current and future states. The results show that the studied IBWT projects did not fully satisfy the proposed criteria set, all project did not meet the criteria of benefit sharing and information transparency; noticeably the Don Duong project fulfilled only one from five. Four lessons were determined for proper planning in river basins, flexibility in system design for unknown future, inadequate environmental impact assessment and delay in enactment of policies for IBWT project management. The results provide sound knowledge to revise the existing projects in the Central Highlands and procedures for impact assessment and approval of new IBWT systems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dang Thi Kim Nhung
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nguyen Van Manh
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nguyen Quang Kim
2

  1. Institute of Water Resources Planning, Division for Water Resources Planning for South Central and Central Highland Region, 162A Tran Quang Khai, Hoan Kiem, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
  2. Thuy Loi University (TLU), Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract

Drought is characterised as a recurring climatic phenomenon with prolonged duration, affecting land through below-average rainfall and often accompanied by high temperatures. When the available water falls below the optimum level, water deficit or water stress arises, disrupting normal plant processes. This condition poses challenges for plant growth and development as it hampers the internal water transport, induces stomatal closure, and limits access to photosynthetic resources.
The study employed the annual sunflower as the experimental plant. The plants were cultivated in a controlled environment with a temperature ranging from 20 to 25°C and a humidity level of 55 to 60%, supplemented by MARS HYDRO artificial LED lighting set to a 12-h photoperiod. Radial changes in the plant stems were monitored using a DD-S type dendrometric sensor to measure radial fluctuations. The collected data were recorded in a dendrometric data logger DL 18. Data collection occurred at hourly intervals from February 20 to March 9, 2023. The nine plants were divided into three groups, each comprising three plants. All plants from groups 1 and 2 received irrigation at one- day intervals (group 1 – 80 cm 3 per plant, group 2 – 40 cm 3 per plant) and group 3 was not irrigated.
Based on these findings, visible water stress was evident in the plants under experimental conditions. Consequently, continuous monitoring throughout the growing season will be essential to adjust the irrigation rate to meet the requirements of the plants.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oliver Obročník
1
ORCID: ORCID
Viliam Bárek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Institute of Landscape Engineering, Hospodárska 7, 949 01, Nitra, Slovak Republik
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Abstract

The scarcity of annual rainfall, which sometimes spreads over successive years, causes persistent droughts. In order to study the drought severity on the Algerian steppe, we analysed precipitation data (1985–2015) from the weather stations of Ain Sefra, El Bayadh, Tiaret and Djelfa, using drought meteorological indices: the mean deviation, the standardised precipitation index, the rainfall index and the frequency analysis of the rainfall series. Thus, we adopted the diachronic study by satellite remote sensing for the years 2002 (the driest year) and 2009 (the wettest year), which allowed us to better understand the evolution of the steppe rangelands surface and to better interpret their spatial-temporal changes. Drought, as determined by the mean deviation index, occurred during two periods (in sequence and corresponds to 55% the sequences of deficit years), one over 12 years (from 1994/1993 to 2006/2005) and the other over 5 years (1985–1990) and with isolated years. The results of the diachronic study of the vegetation change demonstrate the obvious divergence of the vegetation cover between 2002 and 2009. Drought has impacts on vegetation composition, growth, productivity, structure and functioning of ecosystems, which limits regeneration of vegetation cover.
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Authors and Affiliations

Said Bouarfa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yassine Farhi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Okkacha Youb
1
ORCID: ORCID
Meriem Boultf
1
ORCID: ORCID
Warda Djoudi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mohammed Faci
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Centre for Scientific and Technical Research on Arid Regions Omar El Bernaoui – CRSTRA, Campus Universitaire, Med Kheider, BP 1682 R.P Biskra 07000, Algeria
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Abstract

Today’s agriculture is facing a range of challenges, the most important of which is the adjustment to the changing climate. In this context, water management is particularly vital. Droughts in Poland are becoming more and more frequent. That fact adds to the significance of irrigation and drainage systems.
This paper is an attempt at diagnosing the condition of (in 2016) and changes in (over the period of 2006–2016) irrigation and drainage systems in the Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodship (analysed by communes, until 2016 – according to Local Administrative Units – LAU level 2). The multidirectional analysis involves a comprehensive description of ameliorated lands, including the allocation of the EU funds dedicated for the support of flood protection and land improvement ventures.
It has been demonstrated that the present condition of land improvement does not reflect the needs of the agriculture in the studied area and that the changes implemented on the ongoing basis fail to make the situation better. In 2016, slightly over 40% of agricultural acreage was ameliorated, while the level at which land improvement needs would be satisfied approximated 70%. In over 1/5 of the ameliorated area, facilities needed reconstruction or modernisation. Drainage systems were in the majority, which indicates that the current needs, i.e. water scarcity, are not addressed.
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JÓŹWIAK W., ZIELIŃSKI M., ZIĘTARA W. 2016. Susze a sytuacja polskich gospodarstw rolnych osób fizycznych [Droughts and the situa-tion of Polish farms of natural persons]. Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej. Z. 1(346) p. 42–56. DOI 10.30858/zer/83041.

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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Rudnicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Wiśniewski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, ul. Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
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Abstract

Clarifying the genetic background of the drought-tolerance trait is a crucial task that may help to improve plant performance under stress by a genetic engineering approach. Dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) is a transcription factor family which modulates many stress-responsive genes. In this study, we isolated a DREB homolog gene named ZmDREBtv from Zea mays var. Tevang-1. Using bioinformatic tools, a number of InDels and SNPs in ZmDREBtv sequence different from the reference accession were identified. In addition, based on deduced protein sequence similarity, ZmDREBtv was assigned to transcription factor DREB2 class as featured by a conserved DNA binding domain - AP2. The ZmDREBtv construct under thecontrol of the rd29A promoter was transformed into a drought-sensitive maize plant, K7 line. The transgenic plants were assessed with reference to molecular and phenotypic characteristics related to the drought-tolenrance trait. The results proved that the maize plants carrying ZmDREBtv gene showed enhanced tolerance and better performance to the water-deficit environment at different stages, compared to the wild-type plants.

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Authors and Affiliations

Thi Thu Hue Huynh
Thuy Linh Nguyen
Han Ly Luu
Hai Ha Nguyen
Hong Diep Le
Manh Minh Bui
Thi Hang Pham
Thi Bich Thao Doan
Thi Thu Hien Le
Hong Hanh Ha
Van Hai Nong

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