An intelligent boundary switch is a three-phase outdoor power distribution device equipped with a controller. It is installed at the boundary point on the medium voltage overhead distribution lines. It can automatically remove the single-phase-to-ground fault and isolation phase-to-phase short-circuit fault. Firstly, the structure of an intelligent boundary switch is studied, and then the fault detection principle is also investigated. The single-phase-to-ground fault and phase-to-phase short-circuit fault are studied respectively. A method using overcurrent to judge the short-circuit fault is presented. The characteristics of the single-phase-to-ground fault on an ungrounded distribution system and compositional grounded distribution system are analyzed. Based on these characteristics, a method using zero sequence current to detect the single-phase-to-ground fault is proposed. The research results of this paper give a reference for the specification and use of intelligent boundary switches.

Number of trace compounds (called biomarkers), which occur in human breath, provide an information about individual feature of the body, as well as on the state of its health. In this paper we present the results of experiments about detection of certain biomarkers using laser absorption spectroscopy methods of high sensitivity. For NO, OCS, C₂H₆, NH₃, CH₄, CO and CO(CH₃)₂ an analysis of the absorption spectra was performed. The influence of interferents contained in exhaled air was considered. Optimal wavelengths of the detection were found and the solutions of the sensors, as well as the obtained results were presented. For majority of the compounds mentioned above the detection limits applicable for medicine were achieved. The experiments showed that the selected optoelectronic techniques can be applied for screening devices providing early diseases detection.

Novel FTIR spectrometer for the monitoring of atmosphere is presented. Its design stands out by a compact form allowing the measures in two IR spectral bands 3-5 and 8-12 μm simultaneously. The spectrometer is composed of two Michelson interferometers with the joint sliding mirror. The paper contains the detailed description of the optics and electronics units, preliminary results of the measurement of biological aerosols and calibration methods.

To avoid of manipulating search engines results by web spam, anti spam system use machine learning techniques to detect spam. However, if the learning set for the system is out of date the quality of classification falls rapidly. We present the web spam recognition system that periodically refreshes the learning set to create an adequate classifier. A new classifier is trained exclusively on data collected during the last period. We have proved that such strategy is better than an incrementation of the learning set. The system solves the starting–up issues of lacks in learning set by minimisation of learning examples and utilization of external data sets. The system was tested on real data from the spam traps and common known web services: Quora, Reddit, and Stack Overflow. The test performed among ten months shows stability of the system and improvement of the results up to 60 percent at the end of the examined period.

An application specific integrated design using Quadrature Linear Discriminant Analysis is proposed for automatic detection of normal and epilepsy seizure signals from EEG recordings in epilepsy patients. Five statistical parameters are extracted to form the feature vector for training of the classifier. The statistical parameters are Standardised Moment, Co-efficient of Variance, Range, Root Mean Square Value and Energy. The Intellectual Property Core performs the process of filtering, segmentation, extraction of statistical features and classification of epilepsy seizure and normal signals. The design is implemented in Zynq 7000 Zc706 SoC with average accuracy of 99%, Specificity of 100%, F1 score of 0.99, Sensitivity of 98% and Precision of 100 % with error rate of 0.0013/hr., which is approximately zero false detection.

The paper presents a measuring system based on two resonators with a SAWacoustic surface wave. One of the resonators contains a sensor structure consisting of a Nafion layer with a PANI polyaniline nanolayer deposited on it. The sensor structure was tested for carbon monoxide, with a very low concentration (5, 10, 15, 20 ppm) in the atmosphere of synthetic air. The structure sensitivity was tested for two different PANI thicknesses: (100 and 180 nm). The tests were carried out for two different temperatures: 308 K and 315 K. The investigations shows that the measuring system used with the acoustic surface wave together with the proposed sensing layers is sensitive to the presence of low concentration carbon monoxide molecules in the atmosphere of synthetic air.

Parameters of surface acoustic waves (SAW) are very sensible to change of physical conditions of a propagation medium. In the classical theory formulation, the waves are guided along the boundary of semi-infinity solid state and free space. A real situation is more complex and a medium commonly consists of two physical components: a solid substrate and a gaseous or liquid environment. In the case of stress-free substrate, the strongest impact on SAW properties have surface electrical and mechanical conditions determined by solids or liquids adhering to the boundary. This impact is utilised for constructing sensors for different gases and vapours e.g. (Jakubik et al., 2007; Hejczyk et al., 2011; Jasek et al., 2012). The influence of gaseous environment on the SAW properties is usually very weak and ignored. However, in certain condition it can be significant enough to be applied to sensor construction. In general, it concerns Rayleigh wave devices where energy leakage phenomenon is perceptible, especially when the gas being detected considerably changes the density of environment. The paper presents the results of experiments with oxygen-nitrogen mixture. Their primary aim was focused on finding the dependence of resonant frequency and attenuation in SAW resonator on parameters and concentrations of the gas in the environment.

In this study, the effect of the emergence angle of a source array on acoustic transmission in a typical shallow sea is simulated and analyzed. The formula we derived for the received signal based on the Normal Mode indicates that the signal is determined by the beamform on the modes of all sources and the samplings of all modes at the receiving depth. Two characteristics of the optimal emergence angle (OEA) are obtained and explained utilizing the aforementioned derived formula. The observed distributions of transmission loss (TL) for different sources and receivers are consistent with the obtained characteristics. The results of this study are valuable for the development and design of active sonar detection.