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Abstract

Drought is regarded as one of the environmental constraints threatening agriculture worldwide. Melatonin is a pleiotropic molecule prevalent in plants capable of promoting plant endogenous resilience to many environmental challenges including drought. Banana is an important staple food consumed in developing countries especially in Africa. In this research, we studied the role of melatonin in the growth of bananas subjected to drought under the Egyptian semi-arid conditions. To achieve this objective, a field experiment on banana (Musa spp., cv. Williams) mother plants and first ratoon was conducted on a private farm for two seasons - 2019 and 2020. Three irrigation treatments, 100, 90 and 80% irrigation water requirements (IWR) were used in conjunction with four concentrations of melatonin as a foliar spray (0 μmol, 40 μmol, 60 μmol, and 80 μmol) to determine the effect of both treatments on banana plant performance under drought. The results showed that there was a substantial difference between treatments, with the foliar application of melatonin at 80 μmol concentration improving most of the yield attributes, relative water content, total chlorophyll and proline with water deficit. However, the foliar application of the molecule lowered the biochemical characteristics mostly at 80% IWR under the Egyptian semi-arid conditions. Overall, there was a concentration-dependent response with regards to IWR for the two seasons 2019 and 2020.
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Authors and Affiliations

Islam F. Hassan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maybelle S. Gaballah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chukwuma C. Ogbaga
2
ORCID: ORCID
Soha A. Murad
3
ORCID: ORCID
Adam Brysiewicz
4
ORCID: ORCID
Basem M.M. Bakr
5
ORCID: ORCID
Amany Mira
6
ORCID: ORCID
Shamel M. Alam-Eldein
6
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National Research Centre (NRC), Agriculture and Biology Research Institute, Water Relations and Field Irrigation Department, Postal Code, 12622, 33 El Buhouth St, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
  2. Nile University of Nigeria, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Abuja, Nigeria
  3. National Research Centre (NRC), Agriculture and Biology Research Institute Plant BioChemistry Department, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
  4. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences – National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
  5. National Research Centre (NRC), Agriculture and Biology Research Institute, Pomology Department, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
  6. Tanta University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Tanta, Egypt
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Abstract

CropSyst model can be used as irrigation water management tool to increase wheat productivity with poor quality water. The objective of this study was to calibrate CropSyst model for wheat irrigated with fresh and agricultural drainage water. To do so, three field experiments were conducted during three successive seasons in Nubaria Agricultural Research Station, Egypt representing the newly reclaimed calcareous soils. In the first season the treatments were 100% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of fresh water (FW) and 100% ETc of agricultural drainage water (DW), while in the second and the third seasons, the treatments were 100% ETc of FW, 100% ETc of DW, 120% ETc of DW and 130% ETc of DW. From these results one can concluded that deducting 5% of the applied water to all treatments reduced yield by 3, 5 and 7% in the first, second and third growing season, respectively as a result of heat stress existed in the 2nd and 3rd seasons during reproductive phase. Furthermore, deducting 5% of the applied water from all treatments in the vegetative phase only resulted in lower yield losses. Thus, using CropSyst model could guide us to when we could reduce the applied irrigation water to wheat to avoid high yield losses.

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Authors and Affiliations

Samiha A. Ouda
Tahany Noreldin
Oussama H. Mounzer
Magdi T. Abdelhamid
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Abstract

CropSyst (Cropping Systems Simulation) is used as an analytic tool for studying irrigation water management to increase wheat productivity. Therefore, two field experiments were conducted to 1) calibrate CropSyst model for wheat grown under sprinkler and drip irrigation systems, 2) to use the simulation results to analyse the relationship between applied irrigation amount and the resulted yield and 3) to simulate the effect of saving irrigation water on wheat yield. Drip irrigation system in three treatments (100%, 75% and 50% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc) and under sprinkler irrigation system in five treatments (100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% of ETc) were imposed on these experiments. Results using CropSyst calibration revealed-that results of using CropSyst calibration revealed that the model was able to predict wheat grain and biological yield, with high degree of accuracy. Using 100% ETc under drip system resulted in very low water stress index (WSI = 0.008), whereas using 100% ETc sprinkler system resulted in WSI = 0.1, which proved that application of 100% ETc enough to ensure high yield. The rest of deficit irrigation treatments resulted in high yield losses. Simulation of application of 90% ETc not only reduced yield losses to either irrigation system, but also increased land and water productivity. Thus, it can be recommended to apply irrigation water to wheat equal to 90% ETc to save on the applied water and increase water productivity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tahany Noreldin
Samiha Ouda
Oussama Mounzer
Magdi T. Abdelhamid
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Abstract

The inequality between available water supplies and growing water demand from diverse sectors, as well as the predicted climate changes are putting significant pressures on Egypt’s food security. There is a nation-wide demand for new scientifically proven on-farm practices to boost water productivity of major food crops. The objective of this study was to explore the use of various deficit irrigation schemes to improve water productivity ( WP) of tomato cultivated in Egypt under distinct climate change scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, in three time-steps of the reference period (2006– 2016), 2030s, and 2050s. The AquaCrop model was used to simulate the influence of climate change on the tomato crop, as well as two deficit irrigation application schemes for the full growing season and the regulated application for the initial and maturity crop stages. With the same irrigation method, the predicted WP increased in a general pattern across all climate change scenarios. The combination of irrigation schedule with the 80% deficit irrigation can enhance WP near the optimum level (approximately 2.2 kg∙m<sup>–3</sup>), especially during early and mature stages of the crop, saving up to 16% of water. The results showed that the expected temperature rise by 2050s would reduce the crop growth cycle by 3– 11 days for all irrigation treatments, resulting in a 1–6% decrease in crop evapotranspiration ( ET<sub>c</sub>) and affecting the dry tomato yield with different patterns of increase and decrease due to climate change.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zeinab M. Hendy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Samar M. Attaher
2 3
Ahmed A. Abdel-Aziz
1
Abdel-Ghany M. El-Gindy
4

  1. Ain Shams University, Faculty of Agriculture, P.O. Box 68, Hadayek Shoubra 11241, Egypt
  2. Agriculture Engineering Research Institute (AEnRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Cairo, Egypt
  3. International Centre for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Cairo, Egypt
  4. King Salman International University, Faculty of Desert Agriculture, El Tor, Egypt

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