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A study on microbial self-healing concrete using expanded perlite

Usama Bin Amjad Muhammad Shahid Siddique Taha Shahid Ahmed Iftikhar Saleh M. Alogla Jawad Ahmad

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 5 | e146475 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.146475

Keywords concrete self-healing bacteria expanded perlite crack detection

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Abstract

The increasing concern for the safety and sustainability of structures is calling for the development of smart self-healing materials and preventive repair methods. This research is carried out to investigate the extent of self-healing in normal-strength concrete by using Sporosarcina aquimarina – NCCP-2716 immobilized in expanded perlite (EP) as the carrier. The efficacy of crack-healing was also tested using two alternative self-healing techniques, i.e. expanded perlite (EP) concrete and direct introduction of bacteria in concrete. A bacterial solution was embedded in EP and calcium lactate pentahydrate was added as the nutrient. Experiments revealed that specimens containing EP-immobilized bacteria had the most effective crack-healing. After 28 days of healing, the values of completely healed crack widths were up to 0.78 mm, which is higher than the 0.5 mm value for specimens with the direct addition of bacteria. The specimen showed a significant self-healing phenomenon caused by substantial calcite precipitation by bacteria. The induced cracks were observed to be repaired autonomously by the calcite produced by the bacteria without any adverse effect on strength. The results of this research could provide a scientific foundation for the use of expanded perlite as a novel microbe carrier and Sporosarcina aquimarina as a potential microbe in bacteria-based self-healing concrete.

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Authors and Affiliations

Usama Bin Amjad

Muhammad Shahid Siddique

Taha Shahid

Ahmed Iftikhar

Saleh M. Alogla

Jawad Ahmad

Department of Civil Engineering, Military College of Engineering, Risalpur, sub-campus of National University of Sciences and Technology,Islamabad, Pakistan
Principal Scientific Officer / Program Leader at Pakistan Agricultural Research Council Islamabad, Pakistan
Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia

Image Processing Techniques for Crack Detection in MPI of Springs

Marcin M. Marciniak

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2024 | vol. 24 | No 1 | 58-65 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2024.149252

Keywords Non-destructive testing Magnetic particle inspection Coil spring image processing Crack detection

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Abstract

This study investigates image processing techniques for detecting surface cracks in spring steel components, with a focus on applications like Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) in industries such as railways and automotive. The research details a comprehensive methodology that covers data collection, software tools, and image processing methods. Various techniques, including Canny edge detection, Hough Transform, Gabor Filters, and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), are evaluated for their effectiveness in crack detection. The study identifies the most successful methods, providing valuable insights into their performance. The paper also introduces a novel batch processing approach for efficient and automated crack detection across multiple images. The trade-offs between detection accuracy and processing speed are analyzed for the Morphological Top-hat filter and Canny edge filter methods. The Top-hat method, with thresholding after filtering, excelled in crack detection, with no false positives in tested images. The Canny edge filter, while efficient with adjusted parameters, needs further optimization for reducing false positives. In conclusion, the Top-hat method offers an efficient approach for crack detection during MPI. This research offers a foundation for developing advanced automated crack detection system, not only to spring sector but also extends to various industrial processes such as casting and forging tools and products, thereby widening the scope of applicability.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin M. Marciniak

Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland

Coda wave interferometry for monitoring the fracture process of concrete beams under bending test

Magdalena Knak Erwin Wojtczak Magdalena Rucka

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 3 | e144118 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144118

Keywords non-destructive testing concrete beams crack detection fracture process ultrasonic waves coda wave interferometry digital image correlation

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Abstract

Early detection of damage is necessary for the safe and reliable use of civil engineering structures made of concrete. Recently, the identification of micro-cracks in concrete has become an area of growing interest, especially when it comes to using wave-based techniques. In this paper, a non-destructive testing approach for the characterization of the fracture process was presented. Experimental tests were performed on concrete beams subjected to mechanical degradation in a 3-point bending test. Ultrasonic waves were registered on a specimen surface by piezoelectric transducers located at several points. Then, the signals were processed taking advantage of wave scattering due to micro-crack disturbances. For early-stage damage detection, coda wave interferometry was used. The novelty of the work concerns the application of the complex decorrelation matrix and the moving reference trace approach for better distinguishment of sensors located in different parts of a crack zone. To enhance coda wave-based damage identification results, optical imaging of crack development was performed by means of digital image correlation measurement. The results obtained showed that the coda wave interferometry technique can be successfully used as a quantitative measure of changes in the structure of concrete. The results also indicated that the course of decorrelation coefficient curves enabled the identification of three stages during degradation, and it depended on the location of acquisition points versus the crack zone.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Knak

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Erwin Wojtczak

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Magdalena Rucka

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Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology,Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland