The use of virtual reality (VR) has been exponentially increasing and due to that many researchers have started to work on developing new VR based social media. For this purpose it is important to have an avatar of the user which look like them to be easily generated by the devices which are accessible, such as mobile phones. In this paper, we propose a novel method of recreating a 3D human face model captured with a phone camera image or video data. The method focuses more on model shape than texture in order to make the face recognizable. We detect 68 facial feature points and use them to separate a face into four regions. For each area the best fitting models are found and are further morphed combined to find the best fitting models for each area. These are then combined and further morphed in order to restore the original facial proportions. We also present a method of texturing the resulting model, where the aforementioned feature points are used to generate a texture for the resulting model.

A review of night vision metrology is presented in this paper. A set of reasons that create a rather chaotic metrologic situation on night vision market is presented. It is shown that there has been made a little progress in night vision metrology during last decades in spite of a big progress in night vision technology at the same period of time. It is concluded that such a big discrep- ancy between metrology development level and technology development can be an obstacle in the further development of night vision technology.

This paper presents a 3D distance measurement accuracy improvement for stereo vision systems using optimization methods A Stereo Vision system is developed and tested to identify common uncertainty sources. As the optimization methods are used to train a neural network, the resulting equation can be implemented in real time stereo vision systems. Computational experiments and a comparative analysis are conducted to identify a training function with a minimal error performance for such method. The offered method provides a general purpose modelling technique, attending diverse problems that affect stereo vision systems. Finally, the proposed method is applied in the developed stereo vision system and a statistical analysis is performed to validate the obtained improvements.

This paper presents a detailed review on a present confused situation related to defining and measurement of the eyepiece diopter range of optical/electro-optical devices to be used for a direct observation by human observers. On the basis of this review three precise definitions of a direct view imagers eyepiece diopter are presented. One of these definitions is determined as optimal fit to describe the perception of human observers. Further on, design and measurement uncertainties of diopter meters are discussed and rules of accurate measurements are formulated. Finally, recommendations for the maximum acceptable errors of the diopter scale of eyepieces of classic types of direct view imagers are presented, as well.

The aim of this study is to refl ect on two notions that are often used in contemporary research, relevant to cultural linguistics: linguistic vision of the world and linguistic image of the world. We start with expressing our conviction that it is not a question of two synonymic concepts nor do we believe that they are opposite notions. In our opinion, they are two ideas that refl ect the relationship between the language and culture of a speech community but at different levels and from a different perspective. In this study we will examine the research works that, in recent years, have used both notions in order to expose their advantages. In the fi rst part of our work we will discuss the background of the discipline and then provide the defi nitions of both notions and their uses most signifi cant uses. We will draw on the studies of researchers who study Slavic languages, Spanish and English.

Advanced vision method of analysis of the Erichsen cupping test based on laser speckle is presented in this work. This method proved to be useful for expanding the range of information on material formability for two commonly used grades of steel sheets: DC04 and DC01. The authors present a complex methodology and experimental procedure that allows not only to determine the standard Erichsen index but also to follow the material deformation stages immediately preceding the occurrence of the crack. Accurate determination of these characteristics in the sheet metal forming would be an important application, especially for automotive industry. However, the sheet metal forming is a very complex manufacturing process and its success depends on many factors. Therefore, attention is focused in this study on better understanding of the Erichsen index in combination with the material deformation history.

The paper considers the vision of the world and the person of Józef Kazimierz Plebański (1831–1897), the Warsaw historian, one of two Polish students of Leopold von Ranke. In my article, I analyse the essential categories and objects which structure his thinking about reality, such as liberty, Providence, moral laws, state, nation, and humanity. At the end, I try to compare the worldview of Plebański with the worldview of historicism.

The article attempts to reach the elements that control the efforts of constituting a specific type of vision of the past, with which — as I believe — we are dealing in the contemporary public discourse about history.

The precise location of the needle tip is critical in robot-assisted needle-based percutaneous interventions. An automatic needle tip measuring system based on binocular vision technology with the advantages of non-contact, excellent accuracy and high stability is designed and evaluated. First the measurement requirements of the prostate intervention robot are introduced. A laser interferometer is used as the reference for measuring the position of the needle tip whose relative position variation is described as the needle tip distance in the time domain. The parameters of the binocular cameras are obtained by Zhang’s calibration method. Then a robust needle tip extraction algorithm is specially designed to detect the pixel coordinates of the needle tip without installing the marked points. Once the binocular cameras have completed the stereo matching, the 3D coordinates of the needle tip are estimated. The measurement capability analysis (MCA) is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The accuracy of the system can be controlled within 0.3621 mm. The agreement analysis is conducted by the Bland–Altman analysis, and the Pearson correlation coefficient is 0.999847. The P/T ratio value is 16.42% in the repeatability analysis. The results indicate that the accuracy and stability of the binocular vision needle tip measuring system are adequate to meet the requirement for the needle tip measurement in percutaneous interventions.