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Compaction and liquefaction of a sandy layer: simulation of shaking table experiments

A. Sawicki W. Świdziński

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2013 | No 4 | 509-521

Keywords sandy layer compaction liquefaction seismic table

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Abstract

This paper presents numerical simulationsof the behavior of a sandy layer subjected to a cyclic horizontal acceleration in shaking table tests, with a particular attention focused on the settlements of a dry sand layer, and on the liquefaction of saturated sand. A compaction/liquefaction model (C/L) is applied to these simulations. The infl uence of specifi c parameters of the model on the compaction and liquefaction of a sandy layer is shown and discussed. The results of simulations are compared with selected experimental data.

Authors and Affiliations

A. Sawicki

W. Świdziński

Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the main lignite-rich grabens in Poland. Part 1. Tectonic stages

Marek Widera

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 1 | e2 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2023.148021

Keywords Peat-to-lignite compaction Decompaction Compactional subsidence Tectonicsubsidence Tectonic uplift

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Abstract

Understanding the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of grabens rich in lignite is important in the context of the accumulation of ~40–650 m of peat, as well as the exploitation of later formed lignite seams with a thickness of ~20–250 m. Six such areas were selected for a detailed palaeotectonic analysis: the Gostyń, Szamotuły, Legnica, Zittau, Lubstów, and Kleszczów grabens. During the analysis, borehole data were used, taking into account the compaction of peat at the transition to lignite, in order to reconstruct the magnitude of the total subsidence. This made it possible to distinguish between regional (covering areas also outside the grabens) and local (occurring only in the grabens) tectonic movements, and among the latter, tectonic and compactional subsidence. The hypothetical palaeosurface of the mires was reconstructed based on the lignite decompaction. As a result, it was possible to determine whether the examined peat/lignite seams underwent post-depositional uplift and/or subsidence. Between one (Gostyń Graben) and four (Zittau Basin and Kleszczów Graben) stages of tectonic subsidence were distinguished in the studied lignite-bearing areas. In the case of the Zittau Basin, as well as the Lubstów and Kleszczów grabens, post-depositional stages of tectonic uplift were also indicated. Like the boundaries of lithostratigraphic units, the successive stages of the Cenozoic tectonic development of the examined grabens are diachronic.

Authors and Affiliations

Marek Widera

1

Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowski 12, 61-680 Poznań, Poland

Novel Technique to Produce Hybrid P/M Components Using Dissimilar Ferrous Alloys

Min Chul Oh Hyunjoo Seok Yeongcheol Jo Byungmin Ahn

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 613-616 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.127587

Keywords Hybrid Fe alloy Multi-compaction Interface boundary Diffusion behavior

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Abstract

The objective of the present research is to develop the novel multi-compaction technology to produce hybrid structure in powder metallurgy (P/M) components using dissimilar Fe-based alloys. Two distinct powder alloys with different compositions were are used in this study: Fe-Cr-Mo-C pre-alloyed powder for high strength and Fe-Cu-C mixed powder for enhanced machinability and lower material cost. Initially, Fe-Cu-C was pre-compacted using a bar-shaped die with lower compaction pressure. The green compact of Fe-Cu-C alloy was inserted into a die residing a half of the die, and another half of the die was filled with the Fe-Cr-Mo-C powder. Then they subsequently underwent re-compaction with higher pressure. The final compact was sintered at 1120°C for 60 min. In order to determine the mechanical behavior, transverse rupture strength (TRS) and Vickers hardness of sintered materials were measured and correlated with density variations. The microstructure was characterized using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope to investigate the interfacial characteristics between dissimilar P/M alloys.

Authors and Affiliations

Min Chul Oh

Hyunjoo Seok

Yeongcheol Jo

Byungmin Ahn

Effects of recent cooling in the Antarctic Peninsula on snow density and surface mass balance

Cayetana Recio-Blitz Francisco J. Navarro Jaime Otero Javier Lapazaran Sergi Gonzalez

Polish Polar Research | 2018 | vol. 39 | No 4 | 457-480

Keywords Antarctica Livingston Island glacier snow cover compaction air temperature

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Abstract

The Antarctic Peninsula region has experienced a recent cooling for about 15 years since the beginning of the 21st century. In Livingston Island, this cooling has been of 0.8°C over the 12-yr period 2004–2016, and of 1.0°C for the summer average temperatures over the same period. In this paper, we analyse whether this observed cooling has implied a significant change in the density of the snowpack covering Hurd and Johnsons glaciers, and whether such a density change has had, by itself, a noticeable impact in the calculated surface mass balance. Our results indicate a decrease in the snow density by 22 kg m-3 over the study period. The density changes are shown to be correlated with the summer temperature changes. We show that this observed decrease in density does not have an appreciable effect on the calculated surface mass balance, as the corresponding changes are below the usual error range of the surface mass balance estimates. This relieves us from the need of detailed and time-consuming snow density measurements at every mass-balance campaign.

Authors and Affiliations

Cayetana Recio-Blitz

Francisco J. Navarro

Jaime Otero

Javier Lapazaran

Sergi Gonzalez

ANN-based modeling of fly ash compaction curve

K. Zabielska-Adamska M.J. Sulewska

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2012 | No 1 | 57-69

Keywords Compaction curve fly ash fly ash compactibility compaction parameters geotechnical para-meters artificial neural networks neural modelling

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Abstract

The use of fly ash as a material for earth structures involves its proper compaction. Fly ash compaction tests have to be conducted on separately prepared virgin samples because spherical ash grains are crushed during compaction, so the laboratory compaction procedure is time-consuming and laborious. The aim of the study was to determine the neural models for prediction of fly ash compaction curve shapes. The attempt of applying the artificial neural networks type MLP was made. ANN inputs were new-created variables – principal components dependent on grain-size distribution (as D₁₀–D₉₀ and uniformity and curvature coefficients), compaction method, and fly ash specific density. The output vectors were presented by co-ordinates of generated compaction curve points. Each point (wᵢ, ρdi) was described by two independent ANNs. Using ANN-based modelling method, models which enable establishing the approximate compaction curve shape were obtained.

Authors and Affiliations

K. Zabielska-Adamska

M.J. Sulewska

The Effect of Manganese on the Crystallisation Process, Microstructure and Selected Properties of Compacted Graphite iron

Grzegorz Gumienny B. Kurowska P. Just

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 4 | 1269-1275 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.130090

Keywords compacted graphite iron crystallization manganese DTA method

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Abstract

The paper presents the effect of manganese on the crystallization process, microstructure and selected properties: cast iron hardness as well as ferrite and pearlite microhardness. The compacted graphite was obtained by Inmold technology. The lack of significant effect on the temperature of the eutectic transformation was demonstrated. On the other hand, a significant reduction in the eutectoid transformation temperature with increasing manganese concentration has been shown. The effect of manganese on microstructure of cast iron with compacted graphite considering casting wall thickness was investigated and described. The nomograms describing the microstructure of compacted graphite iron versus manganese concentration were developed. The effect of manganese on the hardness of cast iron and microhardness of ferrite and pearlite were given.

Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Gumienny

e-mail:

ORCID:

B. Kurowska

e-mail:

ORCID:

P. Just

Modeling the vibratory roller compaction process of road soils

Dragoş Căpăînă Marilena Cristina Niţu Mihaiela Iliescu

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 431-444 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.147668

Keywords vibration compaction process road soil modeling regression

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Abstract

Road infrastructure is aimed to be sustainable construction in today’s condition of heavy traffic. Depending on geotechnical characteristics of soils there are chosen adequate techniques for compaction, meaning: type of compaction, equipment, compaction parameters and, if possible, computer aided acquisition and processing of data. This paper presents research results on the vibratory roller compaction process of road soils, from the point of view of process mathematically modeling and statistically modeling of process parameters interdependence. The obtained regression model is innovative one and fit for further application in optimization (by AI and IoT) of the compaction process. Good correlation of all the results (self-pulsation values) proves the adequate assumptions for both modeling and experimenting. Further development of this research is intended to develop a special software for direct correlation of road geographical position and soil characteristics to the compaction process parameters optimum values.

Authors and Affiliations

Dragoş Căpăînă

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marilena Cristina Niţu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mihaiela Iliescu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Solid Mechanics, Romanian Academy, Constantin Mille 15, Bucharest, Romania

Bond between steel and SCC in completely concrete encased HEA 160 I-section columns

Magdalena Szadkowska Elżbieta Szmigiera

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 125-137 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.141877

Keywords I-section composite columns self-compacting concrete bond

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Abstract

The paper presents research results of bond tests in completely concrete encased steel Isection columns made of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The results of push-out tests obtained by elements made of SCC were compared with those elements, which were made of vibrated concrete. The influence of selected factors on resistance to the vertical shear was considered in this study. The analysis of research results shows that the resistance to the vertical shear between steel I-section and SCC concrete depends on distance between stirrups and concrete age. Shrinkage has important influence on interfacial bond forces. The test results were compared with a recommendations given in the Design code – Eurocode 4. This standard can be used only for composite elements made of lightweight and vibrated concrete. In the case of completely concrete encased I-section composite columns the shear resistance after 28 days and after concrete shrinkage was higher than design resistance strength given in the standard. This means that the design value of the shear strength given in the standard should be verified and checked, if it can be applied to elements made of SCC concrete. Further tests should be carried out to determine the value of shear resistance for such elements.

Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Szadkowska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Elżbieta Szmigiera

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland

Permeability, compressive strength and Proctor parameters of silts stabilised by Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)

Per Lindh Polina Lemenkova

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2022 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 667-692 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2022.141522

Keywords permeability porosity compactness compressive strength cement

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Abstract

The study investigates the effect of Portland cement and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) added in changed proportions as stabilising agents on soil parameters: uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Proctor compactness and permeability. The material included dredged clayey silts collected from the coasts of Timrå, Östrand. Soil samples were treated by different ratio of the stabilising agents and water and tested for properties. Study aimed at estimating variations of permeability, UCS and compaction of soil by changed ratio of binders. Permeability tests were performed on soil with varied stabilising agents in ratio H _WL _B (high water / low binder) with ratio 70/30%, 50/50%, and 30/70%. The highest level of permeability was achieved by ratio 70/30% of cement/slag, while the lowest - by 30/70%. Proctor compaction was assessed on a mixture of ash and green liquor sludge, to determine optimal moisture content for the most dense soil. The maximal dry density at 1.12 g/cm ³ was obtained by 38.75% of water in a binder. Shear strength and P-wave velocity were measured using ISO/TS17892-7 and visualised as a function of UCS. The results showed varying permeability and UCS of soil stabilised by changed ratio of CEM II/GGBS.

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Authors and Affiliations

Per Lindh

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Polina Lemenkova

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Swedish Transport Administration, Malmö, Sweden
Lund University (Lunds Tekniska Högskola, LTH), Faculty of Engineering, Department of Building and Environmental Technology, Division of Building Materials, Lund, Sweden
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École polytechnique de Bruxelles (Brussels Faculty of Engineering), Laboratory of Image Synthesis and Analysis, Brussels, Belgium

Achieving Control of Coating Process in your Foundry

G.L. Di Muoio N.S. Tiedje

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2015 | No 4 | DOI: 10.1515/afe-2015-0089

Keywords Innovative moulding technologies and materials Quality management Coating process control Sand compaction Coatingpenetration

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Abstract

Achieving control of coating thickness in foundry moulds is needed in order to guarantee uniform properties of the mould but also to

achieve control of drying time. Since drying time of water based coatings is heavily dependent on the amount of water present in the

coating layer, a stable coating process is prerequisite for a stable drying process. In this study, we analyse the effect of different variables

on the coating layer properties. We start by considering four critical variables identified in a previous study such as sand compaction,

coating density, dipping time and gravity and then we add centre points to the original experimental plans to identify possible non-linear

effects and variation in process stability. Finally, we investigate the relation between coating penetration (a variable that is relatively

simple to measure in production) and other coating layer thickness properties (relevant for the drying process design). Correlations are

found and equations are provided. In particular it is found that water thickness can be directly correlated to penetration with a simple linear

equation and without the need to account for other variables.

Authors and Affiliations

G.L. Di Muoio

N.S. Tiedje

A Method to Support Diagnostics of Dynamic Faults in Networks of Interconnections

Tomasz Garbolino

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2018 | vol. 64 | No 3 | DOI: 10.24425/123540

Keywords network of interconnections system-on-chip diagnostics MISR compaction signature Chinese remainder theorem

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Abstract

The article is devoted to the method facilitating the diagnostics of dynamic faults in networks of interconnection in systems-on-chips. It shows how to reconstruct the erroneous test response sequence coming from the faulty connection based on the set of signatures obtained as a result of multiple compaction of this sequence in the MISR register with programmable feedback. The Chinese reminder theorem is used for this purpose. The article analyzes in detail the various hardware realizations of the discussed method. The testing time associated with each proposed solution was also estimated. Presented method can be used with any type of test sequence and test pattern generator. It is also easily scalable to any number of nets in the network of interconnections. Moreover, it supports finding a trade-off between area overhead and testing time.

Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Garbolino

Ultrasonic Quality Inspection of Dimension Stone Blocks Compactness

Andrej Kos Jože Kortnik

Archives of Mining Sciences | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 415-428 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2019.128692

Keywords dimension stone ultrasonic method stone blocks compactness classification

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Abstract

The compactness of dimension stone blocks was previously controlled through various methods that were partially based on personal experiences, acoustic and visual observance of materials. With the development of technology, the ultrasonic pulse method is frequently used for the examination of stone test pieces and with an analysis of acquired data through the tomography method, the compactness is determined. The monolith stone blocks that are found at a site contain hidden discontinuities. The technique of data acquisition and the use of various instruments enable a good overview of the block interior. With an increased number of measurements, a suitable classification is prepared that helps reduce modification costs and increases the quality of stone blocks. The control methodology of compactness is based on the passage of longitudinal waves through the stone block without damaging the block during control. High differences in speed show irregularities in the material. With the observation system, we can prepare a tomography of the measured profiles that show us the locations of irregularities that should be observed more closely. During in situ measurements, the data for comparison with measured results are acquired. Determination of critical locations is of extreme importance before the processing of the block into smaller stone products or during the reconstruction of older stone elements or sculptures. The purpose of “in situ” measurements is to prepare a simple and fast method for the evaluation of materials compactness and for production work.

Authors and Affiliations

Andrej Kos

Jože Kortnik

A novel method and device for plastic mulch retriever

Kanat M. Khazimov Adilkhan K. Niyazbayev Zhanbota S. Shekerbekova Aigul A. Urymbayeva Gulzhanat A. Mukanova Tursunkul A. Bazarbayeva Vladimir F. Nekrashevich Marat Zh. Khazimov

Journal of Water and Land Development | 2021 | No 49 | 85-94 | DOI: 10.24425/jwld.2021.137100

Keywords compaction microclimatic conditions mulch retriever plastic mulch polymer degradation

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Abstract

Plastic mulch provides a range of benefits including helping modulate soil temperature, reduce soil erosion, evaporation, fertilizer leaching and weed problems and increasing the quality and yields of the product. But when the crops are harvested, plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. Otherwise, these wastes are mixed with the soil and have a negative impact on yields by reducing the access of nutrients and moisture in the soil. The purpose of the current study is, therefore, to propose a roller for plastic mulch retriever which is applicable when the crops are harvested, and the plastic mulch needs to be removed from the ground for disposal. The winding mechanism of the plastic mulch retriever performs the main function and must have the high-quality performance of the winding operation in the removal technology. Research based on requirements of tensile strength test method and changes of strength characteristics of plastic mulch from various factors under natural conditions. The coefficient of compaction of the used plastic mulch (Krel), was the ratio of the diameter of the standard plastic mulch which was wound in the factory to the diameter of the used plastic mulch during the winding.

Authors and Affiliations

Kanat M. Khazimov

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adilkhan K. Niyazbayev

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zhanbota S. Shekerbekova

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Aigul A. Urymbayeva

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gulzhanat A. Mukanova

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tursunkul A. Bazarbayeva

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Vladimir F. Nekrashevich

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marat Zh. Khazimov

1 2 4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Kazakh National Agrarian University, Faculty of IT – Technology, Automation and Mechanization of Agro-Industrial Complex, Valikhanov St 137, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Ryazan State Agrotechnological University, Ryazan, Russia
Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications, Faculty of Heat Power Engineering and Heating Engineering, Almaty, Kazakhstan

The Design of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr Elemental Powders Mixture Processing

K. Zyguła M. Wojtaszek

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 1 | 283-289 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.131728

Keywords titanium alloy powder metallurgy microstructure mechanical properties compaction

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to indicate the influence of consolidation processes on microstructure and selected mechanical properties of powder metallurgy Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-3Cr alloy, which was produced by blending of elemental powders method. Morphology of the mixture and its ingredients were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The consolidation of powders mixture was conducted using two approaches. The first consisted of the uniaxial hot pressing process, the second included two steps – uniaxial cold pressing process and sintering under argon protective atmosphere. Microstructural analysis was performed for both as-pressed compacts using light microscopy. Additionally, computed tomography studies were carried out, in order to examine the internal structure of compacts. Chosen mechanical properties, such as Vickers hardness and compression strength was also determined and compared. The conducted research proves that the proposed production method leads to obtain materials with no structural defects and relatively low porosity. Moreover, due to the proper selection of manufacturing parameters, favorable microstructures can be received, as well as mechanical properties, which are comparable to conventionally produced material with the corresponding chemical composition.

Authors and Affiliations

K. Zyguła

e-mail:

ORCID:

M. Wojtaszek

e-mail:

ORCID:

A Novel Compact Ultra-Wideband Planar Inverted-L Antenna For Wireless Application

Iman Ben Issa Mohamed Essaaidi

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 35-39 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2022.139845

Keywords compact planar inverted-L antenna ultra-wideband wireless applications

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Abstract

A novel compact Ultra-Wide-Band Planar Inverted- L antenna is presented and investigated in this paper. The proposed antenna consists of a square planar radiating element with a U-shaped slot. The radiating element is supported by a shorting wall, and fed by a single 50 Ohms characteristic impedance microstripe line, printed on the top of the FR-4 substrate. The ground plane of the antenna is printed on the other side of the substrate. The entire antenna occupies only a small volume of 20mm × 35mm × 4mm, and is capable of operating from 4.2GHz to 8.6GHz (68.75%) and offers a maximum gain of 5.24dB. Therefore, it is suitable for UWB systems and other wireless and mobile technologies and, thus, can be integrated into smartwatch, mobile phones, tablets and laptops. The design of this antenna was carried out using 3D software such as CST studio and Ansoft HFSS to compare and validate the results.

Authors and Affiliations

Iman Ben Issa

1

Mohamed Essaaidi

2

Department of Physics, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of Science, Tetuan, Morocco
High National School for Computer Scienceand Systems Analysis- Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

Double-gate MOSFET Model Implemented in Verilog-AMS Language for the Transient Simulation and the Configuration of Ultra Low-power Analog Circuits

Billel Smaani Yacin Meraihi Fares Nafa Mohamed Salah Benlatreche Hamza Akroum Saida Latreche

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 4 | 609-614 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2021.137853

Keywords double-gate MOSFET compact model ultra lowpower analog circuits

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Abstract

This paper deals with the implementation of a DC and AC double-gate MOSFET compact model in the Verilog- AMS language for the transient simulation and the configuration of ultra low-power analog circuits. The Verilog-AMS description of the proposed model is inserted in SMASH circuit simulator for the transient simulation and the configuration of the Colpitts oscillator, the common-source amplifier, and the inverter. The proposed model has the advantages of being simple and compact. It was validated using TCAD simulation results of the same transistor realized with Silvaco Software.

Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Billel Smaani

1

Yacin Meraihi

2

Fares Nafa

2

Mohamed Salah Benlatreche

3

Hamza Akroum

4

Saida Latreche

5

Ingénierie des Systémes Electriques Department, Faculty of Technology, Boumerdes University, Algeria
Laboratoire d'Ingénierie et Systèmes de Télécommunications, Faculté de Technologie, Boumerdes, Algeria
Centre Universitaire Abdel Hafid Boussouf Mila, Algeria
Laboratoire d’Automatique Appliquée, Université M’Hamed Bougara de Boumerdes, Algeria
Laboratoire Hyperfréquences et Semiconducteurs, Electronique Department, Constantine 1 University, Algeria

Impact of the Different Moulding Parameters on Properties of the Green Sand Mould

Dheya Abdulamer

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 2 | 5-9 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.144288

Keywords Green sand Compactability Tensile strength Permeability Taguchi method

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Abstract

Sand Casting process depends mainly on properties of the green sand mould, sand casting requires requires producing green sand mould without failure and breakage during separation the mould from the model, transportation and handling. Production of the green sand mould corresponding to dimensions and form of the desired model without troubles depends on the properties of the green sand. Ratio of constituents, preparation method of the green sand, mixing and pressing processes determine properties of green sand. In the present work, study effect of the moulding parameters of bentonite content, mixing time, and compactability percentage on the properties of the green sand mould have been investigated. Design of experiments through Taguchi method was used to evaluate properties of permeability, compressive strength, and tensile strength of the green sand. It was found that 47% of compactability, 9(min) of mixing time, and 6% of bentonite content gives highest values of these properties simultaneously.

Authors and Affiliations

Dheya Abdulamer

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Technology, Iraq

The Use of the XGBoost and Kriging Methods in the Prediction of the Microstructure of CGI Cast Iron

Łukasz Sztangret Izabela Olejarczyk-Wożeńska Krzysztof Regulski Grzegorz Gumienny Barbara Mrzygłód

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 22-33 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146671

Keywords compacted graphite iron Machine Learning artificial neural networks kriging XGBoost

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Abstract

Compacted Graphite Iron (CGI), is a unique casting material characterized by its graphite form and extensive matrix contact surface. This type of cast iron has a tendency towards direct ferritization and possesses a complex set of intriguing properties. The use of data mining methods in modern foundry material development facilitates the achievement of improved product quality parameters. When designing a new product, it is always necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the influence of alloying elements on the microstructure and consequently on the properties of the analyzed material. Empirical studies allow for a qualitative assessment of the above-mentioned relationships, but it is the use of intelligent computational techniques that allows for the construction of an approximate model of the microstructure and, consequently, precise predictions. The formulated prognostic model supports technological decisions during the casting design phase and is considered as the first step in the selection of the appropriate material type.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Sztangret

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Izabela Olejarczyk-Wożeńska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Krzysztof Regulski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Grzegorz Gumienny

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Barbara Mrzygłód

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
Lodz University of Technology, Poland

Utilizing of the Statistical Analysis for Evaluation of the Properties of Green Sand Mould

Dheya Abdulamer

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 3 | 67-73 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146664

Keywords Green sand mixing time Compactability compressive strength ANOVA

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Abstract

A statistical approach was conducted to investigate effect of independent factors of the mixing time compactability and bentonite percentage on dependent variables of permeability, compression and tensile strength of sand mould properties. Using statistical method save time in estimating the dependent variables that affect the moulding properties of green sand and the optimal levels of each factor that produce the desired results.
The results yielded indicate that there are variations in the effects of these factors and their interactions on different properties of green sand. The outcomes obtained a range of permeability values, with the highest and lowest numbers being 125 and 84. The sand exhibited high values of tensile and compressive strength measuring at 0.33N/cm2 and 17.67N/cm2. Conversely it demonstrated low levels of tensile and compressive strength reaching 0.14N/cm2 and 9.32N/cm2.
These results suggest that the moulding factors and their interactions have an important role in determining properties of the green sand. ANOVA was used to assess effect of various factors on different properties of the green sand. The results obtained suggest that compactability factor play a significant effect on permeability, the mixing time or bentonite factor has a significant effect on the compressive strength and mixing time or compactability factor has a significant impact on the tensile strength with a significance level lower than 5%. It is found that neither the mixing time nor the amount of bentonite used in the green sand mix has a significant impact on its permeability. Compactability of the green sand does not has a significant effect on the compressive strength. Bentonite used in green sand mix does not have a significant impact on its tensile strength.

Bibliography

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[2] Saikaew, C. & Wiengwiset, S. (2012).Optimization of molding sand composition for quality improvement of iron castings. Applied Clay Science. 67-68, 26-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2012.07.005.
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[4] Abdulamer, D. & Kadauw, A. (2019). Development of mathematical relationships for calculating material-dependent flowability of green molding sand. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 28(7), 3994-4001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04089-w.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dheya Abdulamer

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

University of Technology, Iraq

Compacted Graphite Iron with the Addition of Tin

Grzegorz Gumienny B. Kurowska P. Fabian

Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2020 | vol. 20 | No 3 | 15-20 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.133323

Keywords Theory of crystallization compacted graphite iron Tin Cooling and derivative curves

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Abstract

The paper presents the effect of tin on the crystallization process, microstructure and hardness of cast iron with compacted (vermicular) graphite. The compacted graphite was obtained with the use of magnesium treatment process (Inmold technology). The lack of significant effect of tin on the temperature of the eutectic transformation has been demonstrated. On the other hand, a significant decrease in the eutectoid transformation temperature with increasing tin concentration has been shown. It was demonstrated that tin narrows the temperature range of the austenite transformation. The effect of tin on the microstructure of cast iron with compacted graphite considering casting wall thickness has been investigated and described. The carbide-forming effect of tin in thin-walled (3 mm) castings has been demonstrated. The nomograms describing the microstructure of compacted graphite iron versus tin concentration have been developed. The effect of tin on the hardness of cast iron was given.

Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Gumienny

e-mail:

ORCID:

B. Kurowska

e-mail:

ORCID:

P. Fabian

Development of Admixed Lubricant for Warm Die and Warm Compaction of High-Density PM Iron

Min Chul Oh Byungmin Ahn

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 679-682 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136360

Keywords powder metallurgy lubricants ejection pressure warm die warm compaction

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Abstract

The objective of the present research is to develop new admixed lubricants which can be used for high-density sintered iron when processed using warm die and warm compaction. Depending on various lubricants, the effect of compaction temperature on the ejection behavior and sintered properties was studied. Lubricants were prepared by mixing of Zn-stearate and ethylene bis stearamide (EBS) in various compositions. The iron powders blended with lubricants were compacted under the pressure of 700 MPa at various temperatures. The green compacts were sintered at 1120°C for 30 min. Microstructure, density, hardness, and transverse rupture strength of sintered materials with different lubricants were investigated in detail.

Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Min Chul Oh

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Byungmin Ahn

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ajou University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Energy Systems Research, 206 WORLDCUP-RO, SUWON, Gyeonggi, 16499, Korea
AI & Mechanical System Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, 175-28 GOAN-RO 51 BEON-GIL, Yyongin, Gyeonggi, 17180, Korea

Study on stability of self-compacting concrete applied for filling layer structure from paste, mortar and concrete

He Liu Jingyi Zhang Yanhai Yang

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2022 | vol. 68 | No 3 | 501-522 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2022.141899

Keywords stability self-compacting concrete filling layer plastic viscosity mix proportion

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Abstract

Self compacting concrete (SCC) filling layer is core structure of China rail track system (CRTS) ? type ballastless track. Construction quality, service performance and durability of CRTS ? ballastless structure are affected by stability of SCC for filling layer. In this study, the stability of SCC of filling layer is researched at three levels as paste, mortar and concrete by theory and experiment. Evaluation indices including bleeding (��), surface bubble rate (��), thickness of paste (��paste) and thickness of surface mortar (��) are proposed based on the theoretical calculation and analysis. The threshold viscosity of paste 0.394 Pa·s and mixture satisfied area are obtained at paste level based on the relationship between viscosity and ��, �� of paste. The mixture satisfied area was defined at mortar level under criterions of maximum value of ��paste and slump flow. Optimal range of gap between neighboring aggregates (��ca) 12.4 mm~14.1 mm is chosen by flow ability, passing ability, stable ability of SCC. These research results will help to further understand the stability of SCC.

Authors and Affiliations

He Liu

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jingyi Zhang

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Yanhai Yang

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Shenyang Jianzhu University, School of Transportation and Geometics Engineering, No. 25 Hunnan Zhong Road, Hunnan District, 110168 Shenyang, China
Shenyang Urban Construction University, School of Civil Engineering, No.380 Bai Ta Road, Hunnan District, 110167 Shenyang, China

Analysis of the compactibility of bituminous mixtures for reflective crack relief interlayers (RCRI)

Oliwia Merska Paweł Mieczkowski Stanisław Majer

Archives of Civil Engineering | 2024 | vol. 70 | No 1 | 199-215 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2024.148907

Keywords bottom asphalt layer compactibility gyratory compactor locking point stone mastic asphalt

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Abstract

The physical properties determining the strength parameters of bituminous mixtures are strongly influenced by the processes of placement and compaction. The effectiveness of this process depends on the compactive effort and is directly related to the mixture temperature. This research focused on the assessment of compactibility of mixtures designed for reflective crack relief interlayers (RCRI) which, in most cases, are applied in thin layers. The materials analysed for compactibility in this research included AC – asphalt concrete, AC AF – asphalt concrete “anti-fatigue”, SMA – stone mastic asphalt and SMA-MA – stone mastic asphalt rich in bitumen mastic. The gyratory compactor method was used to determine the compaction slope K, the locking point LP and the compaction densification index CDI. All the tested mixtures were fine-graded, i.e., contained grains up to 8 mm in diameter, each mixed with a different type of bituminous binder. The values of CDI show a substantially greater input of energy required for compaction of high-polymer modified mixtures, as compared to mixtures of the same design, yet containing the 50/70 bitumen. Locking point analysis showed that SMA and SMA-MA mixtures attain 98% relative compaction before reaching the locking point at which the aggregate skeleton starts to resist further compaction. This is quite the opposite as with the AC and AC AF mixtures. Among the tested mixtures the best compaction behaviour was observed in the case of SMA-MA 8 50/70, and this over a wide range of working temperature (100–160C°) and pressures (150 kPa, 600 kPa). The design of the mixture SMA-MA as an anti-fatigue layer assumes an increase in the content of filler and binder, as compared to conventional SMA. This composition is bound to reduce the resistance to compaction, i.e., provide a better compaction behaviour as compared to a conventional SMA mixture.

Authors and Affiliations

Oliwia Merska

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Paweł Mieczkowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Stanisław Majer

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

West Pomeranian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Engineering, ul. Piastów 50A, 70-333 Szczecin, Poland

Fast four-point estimators of sinusoidal signal parameters – numerical optimisations for embedded measuring systems

Jarosław Zygarlicki Małgorzata Zygarlicka Janusz Mroczka

Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2020 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 465-472 | DOI: 10.24425/mms.2020.132782

Keywords lighting technology compact fluorescent lamp energy efficiency light source luminous flux

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Abstract

This article is focused on considerations based on experimental studies concerning changes of selected parameters of identical compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) intended for use in buildings during their operation. The studies constituted a long-term experiment whose goal was an evaluation of selected operating parameters of the CFLs in terms of meeting the requirements set out in the specified regulations as well as the issue of marking the lamps with the energy efficiency class. The measurements were performed with the authors’ experimental setup consisting of original equipment designed and made especially for the purpose of the measurements. The studies covered registration of the luminous flux as well as selected electrical parameters such as active power, current and the power factor during the so-called “start-up time” and operation time equal to 100 h, 500 h, 1000 h, 2000 h, etc. with a 1000 h step. The studies were finished with the moment of natural burnout of the CFLs tested. The results showed that the biggest drawback of CFLs is lack of preservation of the required time to reach 60% of the stabilized luminous flux just after short time of lamp operation. Similarly when assessing the conformity of the parameters declared by the manufacturer that have been verified, it can be stated that they are true only at the initial stage of lamp operation.

Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Zygarlicki

Małgorzata Zygarlicka

Janusz Mroczka

1
2

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