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Abstract

The author of this article carries out an analysis of the evolution of the term ‘commemorative names’ in the aspect of municipal onomastics. She primarily researches how the scope of this term has changed and which name groups have been included with that term. Moreover, she researches how the commemorative names themselves have changed. She concludes that the names of symbolic motivation that refer to cultural competencies of their users do not form a homogenous group, but they differ in genetic and motivational terms. Thus, four such groups may be identified: 1. commemorative names bearing real meaning, 2. conventional discretionary names (honorifying), 3. commemorative-discretionary names referring to local heroes, places and events, 4. names resulting from the broadly understood ‘cultural memory’, commemorating ideas, values, literary and movie characters, titles, Slavonic mythology and Polish legends, faith in its various dimensions, literary trends, artistic styles, art, etc. All four groups have their dual functions in common: deictic and cultural.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Myszka
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Abstract

This paper analyses, using the recently restored Evangelical cemetery at Radzewice as an example, the circumstances of the phenomenon which should be described as funerary inheritance. The cemetery, just like tens of other cemeteries in its nearest vicinity, fell into oblivion after the Evangelical community was displaced. However, in contrast to the majority of non-Catholic burial sites in the region, its further decomposition and ruination were stopped owing to the activity of the persons indicated in the publication. The above was possible in view of certain specific local relations, the existence of which formed the basis of the inheritance process. Above all, they included the dominance of individual memory over the collective and the national memory, and the preserved sense of sacred space, connected with the area, space of the cemetery. The reconstruction of the former cemetery chapel was a harbinger of the restitution of the cemetery, which was carried out in the late 1980s. Its circumstances and consequences, i.e. the establishment of a memorial site and a new Catholic cemetery next to the former Evangelical cemetery, now covered by maintenance, picture the funerary inheritance announced by the title of this paper.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Filary
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Historii Sztuki UAM
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Abstract

Multidimensional, variety of saving memories ways in landscape is visible in creation of commemorative spaces. These meaning is strictly connected with the most important events and persons in history of the country. Authors of article in their research are concentrated on commemorative space with monuments example in Poland and the world presence in landscape design meaning. They are announced by landscape analysis methods to recognition of structure, meaning and phenomena of chosen objects in genius loci categories. In Study of Conditions and Directions of Space Development Capital City of Warsaw is found the record that “commemorative resource” is not enough examined and protected. The aim of elaboration is indication of tendencies in aspects of location, space relations and meanings of memory places.

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Authors and Affiliations

Daria Szarejko-Worobiej
Kinga Rybak-Niedziółka
Anna Długozima
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Abstract

Commemorative sites, as special works of architecture, have their symbolic form and metaphor. The history of the project Everything to Eternity by Kristinn E. Hrafnsson and Studio Granda is a reflection on the process of designing a monument to a girl who died tragically. It presents the process by which a private commission led to a place that combines Iceland’s heritage with contemporaneity, giving a new social dimension to the resulting space. The monument is an honour, but is also a guiding sign to and background for the commemorative site on the Álftanes Peninsula in Iceland. The artistic, architectural, urban and ecological significance of the project is an indicator to designers as to how to interpret place-based context when creating a new form.
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Banasik-Petri
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts
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Abstract

The octagonal tower of the ruined castle Ojców (southern Poland) is considered one of the most impressive foundations of king Kasimir III the Great (†1370). The purpose of this paper is to discuss the results of archaeological dig carried out in 2016 and to combine it with written evidence to form the basis for the reconstruction of its long-gone past. The tower is an octagon in plan, has 11.55 m in diameter and has walls that are ca. 2.7-2.8 m thick. On the inside it is round, 6.2 m in diameter. It was built of carefully processed hewn limestone set in lime mortar and what is important to note, it is the only known castle tower realisation of king Kasimir which was built on such blocks. On the other hand, the raw material used for building the tower has close affinities with church foundations of the king (e.g. in the collegiate church in Wiślica).

Noteworthy, the fieldwork of 2016 provided rich assemblage of architectural details, including stylistically homogenous window or portal framings with characteristic pear-shaped mouldings and hollow-chamferred profiles, which likely relate to the earliest stages of the castle, perhaps already to the realisation of king Kasimir. There is a high degree of confidence that these elements were originally placed in the tower, and, if so, they determined rich and representative design of the whole structure.

According to the author of the paper, there are strong indications that the impressive octagonal tower which is distinguished among the other contemporary defensive realisations by its building material, size and, possibly, a decor, was built as a commemorative realisation, given to honour the memory of the father of king Kasimir – Władysław the Elbow-high, who according to the local tradition, early in the 14th c. found a refuge in a cave located nearby (note the castle’s name: Oczecz − further Ojców − in Polish means Father).

Last but not least, the archaeological dig brought to light the remains of an undefined building from the late 15th-mid 16th c. west from the tower, the remains of post-medieval (17th c.?) wall adjacent to the tower from the north, and some important stratigraphic observations, which allow to state that the octagonal structure witnessed some extensive restoration work in the second half of the 15th c.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Wojenka
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Abstract

The Francoist victory in the Spanish Civil war (1936–1939), subsequent dictatorship and finally the democratic transition have had a significant influence on forms of remembering and com-memorating the victims of the conflict. At first, only Francoist victims were exhumed and properly buried, while the bodies of defeated Republicans were deliberately left underground to exercise symbolical and psychological power and as one of the elements of the historical politics based on oblivion. However, the enforced erasure of those dead from society has not meant that they have been completely forgotten. The unmarked existence of mass graves has triggered different cycles of exhumation processes. The remains of Republicans were secretly and in small numbers exhumed by the families immediately after the war and during the dictatorship. In governmental efforts to fill the crypts of the monument located in the Valley of the Fallen, thousands have been exhumed since 1959, often without the knowledge and permission of surviving families. The number of private exhumations temporarily increased during the democratic transition, but the real ‘exhumations movement’ began in 2000. Only then were scientific methods deployed in the exhumations and identifications of the victims, and exhumations received wide media coverage lasting till today. Varied reasons for each phase of exhumations are critically discussed in the article to present a review of their social impact, symbolic dimension and political aim. The article further argues for the existence of a modern ‘Republican identity’ and ‘Republican nationalism’.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alexandra Staniewska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
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Abstract

The article is devoted to the concept a cemetery in memoirs about forced relocation from flood zones in Ukraine as a result of the construction of hydroelectric power plants. Fragments about the relocation of cemeteries are given. Studies are folk beliefs, nominative vocabulary for events, loci, characters, subjects, permanent themes and main folklore plots. The following main ideas are highlighted: the impossibility of any complete relocation of a cemetery; interfering with a cemetery contains potential danger and provokes the wrath of the dead; the installation of a tombstone cross restores the sacredness of the tomb, consolidates the resettlement community, and actualizes the memory of its historical past.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Koval-Fuchylo
1

  1. M. Rylsky Institute for Art Folklore Studies and Ethnology of The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine

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