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Number of results: 19
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Abstract

The removal of benzene (B) and toluene (T) from aqueous solution by multi walled, single walled, and hybrid carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, SWCNTs, and HCNTs) was evaluated for a nanomaterial dose of 1 g/l, concentration of 10-100 mg/l, and pH 7. The equilibrium amount removed by SWCNTs (B: 9.98 mg/g and T: 9.96 mg/g) was higher than for MWCNTs and HCNTs. Toluene has a higher adsorption tendency on CNTs than benzene, which is related to the increasing water solubility and the decreasing molecular weight of the compounds. The SWCNTs performed better for B and T sorption than the MWCNTs and HCNTs. Isotherms study based on isofit program indicate that the Generalized Langmuir-Freundlich (GLF) isotherm expression provides the best fit for benzene sorption, and that Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) isotherm is the best fit for toluene adsorption by SWCNT. SWCNTs are efficient B and T adsorbents and possess good potential applications to water and wastewater treatment and maintain water of high quality that could be used for cleaning up environmental pollution.

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Authors and Affiliations

Bijan Bina
Mohammad Mehdi Amin
Alimorad Rashidi
Hamidreza Pourzamani
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Abstract

“Soon we will be able to fit the contents of the Encyclopedia Britannica on a head of a pin,” the famous physicist Richard Feynman argued back in the 1960s. Perhaps even he would be amazed at the possibilities now offered by carbon nanotubes, several hundred thousand times tinier than a pin. Their amazing properties have been exploited in an integrated circuit developed at the Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Słowik
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Abstract

A number of micromechanical investigations have been performed to predict behaviour of composite interfaces, showing that the detailed behaviour of the material at these interfaces frequently dominates the behaviour of the composite as a whole. The interfacial interaction is an extremely complex process due to continuous evolution of interfacial zones during deformation and this is particularly true for carbon nanotubes since the interfacial interaction is confined to the discrete molecular level. The atomic strain concept based upon Voronoi tessellation allows analyzing the molecular structure atom by atom, which may give a unique insight into deformation phenomena operative at molecular level such as interface behaviour in nanocomposites.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Pyrz
B. Bochenek
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Abstract

A ceria loaded carbon nanotubes (CeO2/CNTs) nanocomposites photocatalyst was prepared by chemical precipitation, and the preparation conditions were optimized using an orthogonal experiment method. HR-TEM, XRD, UV-Vis/DRS, TGA and XPS were used to characterize the photocatalyst. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption was employed to determine the BET specific surface area. The results indicated that the photocatalyst has no obvious impurities. CeO2 was dispersed on the carbon nanotubes with a good loading effect and high loading efficiency without agglomeration. The catalyst exhibits a strong ability to absorb light in the ultraviolet region and some ability to absorb light in the visible light region. The CeO2/CNTs nanocomposites photocatalyst was used to degrade azo dye Acid Orange 7 (40 mg/L). The optical decolorization rate was 66.58% after xenon lamp irradiation for 4 h, which is better than that of commercial CeO2 (43.13%). The results suggested that CeO2 loading on CNTs not only enhanced the optical decolorization rate but also accelerated the separation of CeO2/CNTs and water.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tao Wen
Yu-bin Tang
Fang-yan Chen
Bing-yu Mo
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Abstract

In this paper, the authors investigate a cylindrical shell reinforced by carbon nanotubes. The critical buckling load is calculated using analytical method when it is subjected to compressive axial load. The Mori-Tanaka method is firstly utilized to estimate the effective elastic modulus of composites having aligned oriented straight CNTs. The eigenvalues of the problem are obtained by means of an analytical approach based on the optimized Rayleigh-Ritz method. There is presented a study on the effects of CNTs volume fraction, thickness and aspect ratio of the shell, CNTs orientation angle, and the type of supports on the buckling load of cylindrical shells. Furthermore the effect of CNTs agglomeration is investigated when CNTs are dispersed none uniformly in the polymer matrix. It is shown that when the CNTs are arranged in 90 degrees direction, the highest critical buckling load appears. Also, the results are plotted for different longitudinal and circumferential mode numbers. There is a specific value for aspect ratio of the cylinder that minimizes the buckling load. The results reveal that for very low CNTs volume fractions, the volume fraction of inclusions has no important effect on the critical buckling load.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jafar Eskandari Jam
Esmail Asadi
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Abstract

Operational Transresistance Amplifier (OTRA) has been a topic of great interest recently. OTRA has proved itself to be an appropriate device for the analog applications. As MOS scaling suffers from various problems, carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) has came into light as one of the brightest alternative for FET (Field Effect Transistors) based devices. This work has introduced a new CNTFET based OTRA which is capable of realising inverse low pass filter using two OTRAs and few passive elements. CNTFET based OTRA has been designed and simulated at 10nm technology node. The working ability of the designed model has been conformed using HSPICE simulation. It is compared with conventional CMOS based OTRA. The comparative analysis has revealed improvement in various performance parameters. The paper also presents how change in number of carbon nanotube in CNTFETs in OTRA circuit affects the transresistance gain and input impedance. The optimized results are also discussed to improve transresistance gain and input impedance. The paper also dealt with the realisation of inverse low pass filter using proposed CNTFET based OTRA.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dinesh Prasad
Divyam Tayal
Ayesha Yadav
Laxya Singla
Zainab Haseeb
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Abstract

In this study, the electrospray deposition (ESD) method was used to deposit carbon nanotubes (CNT) onto the surfaces of carbon fibers (CF) in order to produce hybrid carbon fiber-carbon nanotubes (CF-CNT) which is rarely reported in the past. Extreme high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (XHR-FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyse the hybrid carbon fiber-carbon nanotube (CF-CNT). The results demonstrated that CNT was successfully and homogenously distributed on the CF surface. Hybrid CF-CNT was then prepared and compared with CF without CNT deposition in terms of their tensile properties. Statistically, the tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the hybrid CF-CNT were increased by up to 3% and 25%, respectively, as compared to the CF without CNT deposition. The results indicated that the ESD method did not cause any reduction of tensile properties of hybrid CF-CNT. Based on this finding, it can be prominently identified some new and significant information of interest to researchers and industrialists working on CF based products.
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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Hazizan Md Akil
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Firdaus Omar
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nabiałek
4
ORCID: ORCID
J.J. Wysłocki
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Kompleks Pengajian Jejawi 2, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellent (CEGeoGTech) Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
  4. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Department of Physics 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland
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Abstract

The effect of titanium nitride (TiN) thickness as the support layer for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) growth was investigated by depositing three different thicknesses: 20 nm, 50 nm and 100 nm. This TiN support layer was deposited on SiO2 pads before depositing nickel (Ni) as the catalyst material. The Ni distribution on different TiN thicknesses was studied under hydrogen environment at 600°C. Then, the samples were further annealed at 600°C in acetylene and hydrogen environment for CNTs growth. The results show that, the optimum TiN thickness was obtained for 50 nm attributed by the lowest D to G ratio (0.8).
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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad M. Ramli
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
N.H. Osman
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
D. Darminto
4
ORCID: ORCID
M.M.A.B. Abdullah
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Science, Department of Physic, Applied Electromagnetic Laboratory, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  4. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Faculty of Science and Analytical Data, Department of Physic, Campus ITS Sukolilo-Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
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Abstract

Herein, the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the mechanical and dielectric performance of hybrid carbon nanotube-woven glass fiber (GF) reinforced epoxy laminated composited are investigated. CNTs are deposited on woven GF surface using an electrospray deposition method which is rarely reported in the past. The woven GF deposited with CNT and without deposited with CNT are used to produce epoxy laminated composites using a vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding. The tensile, flexural, dielectric constant and dielectric loss properties of the epoxy laminated composites were then characterized. The results confirm that the mechanical and dielectric properties of the woven glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminated composited increases with the addition of CNTs. Field emission scanning electron microscope is used to examine the post damage analysis for all tested specimens. Based on this finding, it can be prominently identified some new and significant information of interest to researchers and industrialists working on GF based products.
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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Nur Aishahatul Syafiqa Mohammad Khairuddin
3
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Firdaus Omar
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Hazizan Md Akil
3
ORCID: ORCID
Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi Othman
4
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Shayfull Zamree Abd Rahim
2
ORCID: ORCID
Sam Sung Ting
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Azida Azmi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellent (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
  4. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Chemical Sciences, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Abstract

The introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto glass fibre (GF) to create a hierarchical structure of epoxy laminated composites has attracted considerable interest due to their merits in improving performance and multifunctionality. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to analyze the woven hybrid GF-CNT. The results demonstrated that CNT was successfully deposited on the woven GF surface. Woven hybrid GF-CNT epoxy laminated composites were then prepared and compared with woven GF epoxy laminated composites in terms of their tensile properties. The results indicated that the tensile strength and tensile modulus of the woven hybrid GF-CNT epoxy laminated composites were improved by up to 9% and 8%, respectively compared to the woven hybrid GF epoxy laminated composites.
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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Razlan Zakaria
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Firdaus Omar
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Hazizan Md Akil
3
ORCID: ORCID
Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi Othman
4
ORCID: ORCID
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Geopolymer & Green Technology, Centre of Excellent (CEGeoGTech), Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
  4. Universiti Sains Malaysia, School of Chemical Sciences, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia
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Abstract

In this work, research on influence of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), produced in Catalic Chemical Carbon Vapor Deposition, NANOCYLTM NC7000CNTs on a structure and properties of AISI 301 steel remelted by TIG arc. In the assessment of influence a type of carbon on properties and structure of austenitic steel, as a carbon filler was use also carburizer. In the specimens (AISI 301 plates) with dimensions 155×60×7 [mm] were drilled holes with 1.3 mm diameter and placed 0.5 mm under specimen surface. Next, to the drilled holes was implemented CNTs, carburizer and mixture of these both powders. Prepared specimens were remelted by TIG method on the CASTOTIG 2200 power source with 2.4 mm tungsten thoriated electrode with parameters sets for obtain 3.0 mm penetration depth. Remelted specimens were cut into the half of the welds distance and prepared for metallographic examinations. Cross sections of the specimens were tested on classical metallography microscopes, hardness tests, SEM analyses (on JEOL 5800 LV SEM EDX equipment) and phase identification by X-ray phase analysis on Philips APD X’Pert PW 3020 diffractometer. Hardness analysis indicates about 25% increase of hardness in the remelted area when the CTNs are used. In the specimens with carburizer there is no significant changes. SEM analyses of remelted areas on AISI 301 specimens modificated with CNTs, indicates that dark areas, initially interpret as one of the phase (based on optical microscope) is finally densely packed bladders with dimensions from 50 nm up to a few µm. These bladders are not present in the specimens with carburizer filler. High resolution scanning microscopy allow to observe in the this area protruding, longitudinal particles with 100-300 nm length. For identification of this phase, X-ray analysis was done. But very small dimensions of used CNTs (diameters about 9,5 nm), random orientation and small weight amount can make difficult or impossible to CNTs detection during XRD tests. It means that it is not possible to clearly determine nature of particles filling the cavities, it is only possible to suppose that they are CNTs beams with nanoparticles comes from their disintegration. Results of the researches indicates, that fill in the weld pool with different form of carbon (CNTs and carburizer) it is possible to achieve remelted beads with different structure and hardness distribution. It confirms validity of the research continuation with CNTs as a modifier of steels and also other metals and theirs alloys.
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Authors and Affiliations

J. Górka
1
ORCID: ORCID
T. Kik
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Burda
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Department of Welding, 18a Konarskiego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Cametics Ltd, Nanotechnology, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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Abstract

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a good reinforcement for metal matrix composite materials; they can significantly improve the mechanical, wear-resistant, and heat-resistant properties of the materials. Due to the differences in the atomic structure and surface energy between CNTs and aluminum-based materials, the bonding interface effect that occurs when nanoscale CNTs are added to the aluminum alloy system as a reinforcement becomes more pronounced, and the bonding interface is important for the material mechanical performance. Firstly, a comparative analysis of the interface connection methods of four CNT-reinforced aluminum matrix composites is provided, and the combination mechanisms of various interface connection methods are explained. Secondly, the influence of several factors, including the preparation method and process as well as the state of the material, on the material bonding interface during the composite preparation process is analyzed. Furthermore, it is explained how the state of the bonding interface can be optimized by adopting appropriate technical and technological means. Through the study of the interface of CNT-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials, the influence of the interface on the overall performance of the composite material is determined, which provides directions and ideas for the preparation of future high-performance CNT-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rong Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhilin Pan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Qi. Zeng
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaoli Ye
1

  1. School of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Guizhou Normal University, Guyiang, Guizhou, China
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Abstract

The present research employs the statistical tool of Response surface methodology (RSM) to evaluate the machining characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated high-speed steel (HSS) tools. The methodology used for depositing carbon nanotubes was Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD). Cutting speed, thickness of cut, and feed rate were chosen as machining factors, and cutting forces, cutting tooltip temperature, tool wear, and surface roughness were included as machining responses. Three-level of cutting conditions were followed. The face-centered, Central Composite Design (CCD) was followed to conduct twenty number of experiments. The speed of cutting and rate of feed have been identified as the most influential variables over the responses considered, followed by the thickness of cut. The model reveals the optimized level of cutting parameters to achieve the required objectives. The confirmation experiments were also carried out to validate the acceptable degree of variations between the experimental results and the predicted one.
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Authors and Affiliations

Chandru Manivannan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Selladurai Velappan
2
ORCID: ORCID
Venkatesh Chenrayan
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Dhirajlal Gandhi College of Technology, Salem – 636309, Tamilnadu, India
  2. Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore – 641014, Tamilnadu, India
  3. Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
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Abstract

This paper investigates the preparation of silicon nitride composites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Samples containing 1–10 wt% MWCNTs were ultrasonically processed in non-aqueous suspensions, dried, pressed, and then subjected to non-pressure sintering at 1600 °C for 2 h. The preliminary results showed that the mixture of activated silicon nitride and covered MWCNTs could be sintered. The porosity of the obtained samples ranged from 0.27 to 36.94 vol.%. The microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mechanical properties (hardness and fracture toughness) were also determined. Good hardness values were obtained for samples prepared by sintering the mechanically activated precursor under a flowing nitrogen atmosphere using the lowest fraction of CNTs. Residual activator reduced the densification of the composites.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marta Mikuśkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Materials Engineering, Department of Advanced Materials and Technologies, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Krasinskiego 8, 40-019 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

This study presents the behavior of a single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)/water nanofluid for convective laminar flow inside a straight circular pipe heated by a constant heat flux. Five volume fractions of SWCNT were used to investigate their effect on the heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, temperature distribution and velocity field in comparison with pure water flow. One model for each property was tested to calculate the effective thermal conductivity, effective dynamic viscosity, and effective specific heat of the SWCNT/water mixture. The models were extracted from experimental data of a previous work. The outcomes indicate that the rheological behavior of SWCNT introduces a special effect on the SWCNT/water properties, which vary with SWCNT volume fraction. The results show an improvement in the heat transfer coefficient with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles. The velocity of SWCNT/water nanofluid increased by adding SWCNT nanoparticles, and the maximum increase was registered at 0.05% SWCNT volume fraction. The mixture temperature is increased with the axial distance of the pipe but a reduction in temperature distribution is observed with the increasing SWCNT volume fraction, which reflects the effect of thermophysical properties of the mixture.
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Authors and Affiliations

Farqad Rasheed Saeed
1
Marwah A. Jasim
2
Natheer B. Mahmood
3
Zahraa M. Jaffar
4

  1. Ministry of Science Technology, Directorate of Materials Research, 55509 Al-Jadriya, Iraq
  2. University of Baghdad, College of Engineering, Al-Jadriya,10074 Al-Jadriya, Iraq
  3. Ministry of Education, General Directorate of Baghdad Education, Karkh 2, 10072 Al-Jadriya, Iraq
  4. Al Nahrain University, College of Science, 10072 Al-Jadriya, Iraq
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Abstract

The paper is a thermodynamics analysis of the removal of any inert gas from the tank using the vapors of any liquefied petroleum gas cargo (called cargo tank gassing-up operation). For this purpose, a thermodynamic model was created which considers two boundary cases of this process. The first is a ‘piston pushing’ of inert gas using liquefied petroleum gas vapour. The second case is complete mixing of both gases and removal the mixture from the tank to the atmosphere until desired concentration or amount of liquefied petroleum gas cargo in the tank is reached. Calculations make it possible to determine the amount of a gas used to complete the operation and its loss incurred as a result of total mixing of both gases.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Wieczorek
1

  1. Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81–87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
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Abstract

Environmental applications of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently attracted worldwide attentiondue to their excellent adsorption capacities and promising physical, chemical and mechanical properties, as well asthe preparation of novel membranes with attractive features for water purification. This paper critically reviews therecent progress on the preparation and applications of CNT based membranes in water and wastewater treatment. Various synthesis techniques for the preparation of CNT based membranes are discussed. The functionalization ofCNTs, which involves chemical/physical modification of pristine CNTs with different types of functional groups,improves the capabilities of CNT for water and wastewater treatment and/or removal of waterborne contaminants.The CNT-based membrane applications are found to possess a variety of advantages, including improving waterpermeability, high selectivity and antifouling capability. However, their applications at full scale are still limitedby their high cost. Finally, we highlight that CNT membranes with promising removal efficiencies for respectivecontaminants can be considered for commercialization and to achieve holistic performance for the purpose ofwater treatment and desalination. This paper may provide an insight for the development of CNT based membranesfor water purification in the future. With their tremendous separation performance, low biofouling potential andultra-high water flux, CNT membranes have the potential to be a leading technology in water treatment, especiallydesalination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Bodzek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krystyna Konieczny
2
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Kwiecińska-Mydlak
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
  2. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Poland
  3. Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal, Poland
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Abstract

In this study, free and forced vibration responses of carbon nanotube reinforced uniform and tapered composite beams are investigated. The governing differential equations of motion of a carbon nanotube (CNT) reinforced uniform and tapered composite beams are presented in finite element formulation. The validity of the developed formulation is demonstrated by comparing the natural frequencies evaluated using present FEM with those of available in literature. Various parametric studies are also performed to investigate the effect of aspect ratio, percentage of CNT content, ply orientation, and boundary conditions on natural frequencies and mode shapes of a CNT reinforced composite beam. It was observed that the addition of carbon nanotube in fiber reinforced polymer composite (FRP) beam enhances the stiffness of the structure which consequently increases the natural frequencies and alters the mode shapes.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ananda Babu Arumugam
Vasudevan Rajamohan
Naresh Bandaru
Edwin Sudhagar P.
Surajkumar G. Kumbhar

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