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The factorial validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory: Student Survey (MBI-SS) in Poland

Teresa Chirkowska-Smolak Tomasz Górecki Mateusz Klakus Weronika Metzger Martyna Szargan

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2023 | vol. 54 | No 3 | 207-216 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148053

Keywords students Burnout validation Maslach Burnout Inventory

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Abstract

This paper explores the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the MBI-SS questionnaire, which measures academic burnout in students. The factorial structure of the tool was examined, and its validity was evaluated using a sample from Polish state universities (N=935).
Findings suggest that the MBI-SS possesses strong psychometric parameters. Data supports the tool's 3-factor structure and internal consistency. However, there are reservations regarding one item (MBI_6). Consequently, the 15- item version of the MBI-SS is recommended as a suitable tool for assessing burnout in Polish students.

Authors and Affiliations

Teresa Chirkowska-Smolak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Tomasz Górecki

1

Mateusz Klakus

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Weronika Metzger

1

Martyna Szargan

1

Adama Mickiewicza University, Poznań, Poland

The trouble with helping others

Marcin Rzeszutek Katarzyna Schier

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2017 | Nr 4 (56) 2017 Extremes | 34-37

Keywords professional burnout human psyche therapists

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Abstract

According to some studies, the phenomenon of professional burnout has reached epidemic proportions in today’s world. This applies in particular to those whose jobs involve saving lives: firefighters, police officers, and doctors who perform operations as well as members of the so-called social professions, which are based on close relations with people. This also includes therapists.

Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Rzeszutek

Katarzyna Schier

Service with a fake smile and emotional exhaustion. Does emotional intelligence matter?

Dorota Szczygieł

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2018 | vol. 49 | No 3: Advances in research on performance anxiety | DOI: 10.24425/119497

Keywords emotional labor surface acting emotional intelligence burnout

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Abstract

Research shows that positive affective displays in customer service interactions are positively related to customers’ perception of overall service quality. Consequently, the way customer service employees manage their feelings is seen as an important aspect of providing their services. In most service contexts, employees are expected to express positive emotions, e.g., be cheerful and suppress negative emotions, such as resentment. Emotional labor is regarded as a type of impression management, because it involves deliberate effort undertaken by service workers in order to adhere to organizational display rules when dealing with customers. Surface acting is an emotional labor strategy and consists of managing observable emotional expression without modifying underlying genuine feelings (service with a fake smile). Research shows that surface acting is positively related to employee burnout. The present study (N=180) was designed to examine the effects of surface acting on emotional exhaustion while controlling for employees’ trait emotional intelligence. The results demonstrated that employees who declared greater use of surface acting during their interactions with customers reported more symptoms of emotional exhaustion. As predicted, however, this effect was observed only among employees low in trait emotional intelligence. The discussion encompasses the implications these results may have for managing emotional expression in public performance that may result in reducing performance anxiety.

Authors and Affiliations

Dorota Szczygieł

Stress and burnout among oncology nurses: review study

Przemysław Mateusz Domagała Aleksandra Gaworska-Krzemińska

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2018 | vol. 49 | No 4 | 482–488 | DOI: 10.24425/124346

Keywords psychological stress burnout cancer nurses oncology nurses

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Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to discuss exposure to stress and the incidence of occupational burnout among oncology nurses.

Methods: To study the discussed issue, we analyzed six full-text research papers which were searchable by EBSCO and met all required criteria (words included in the abstract, English publication, size of the study group).

Results: Exposure to chronic occupational stress may lead to developing burnout syndrome. Social service professionals are especially affected as they are expected to be emotionally engaged in their jobs, which particularly applies to such health care professionals as nurses, psychologists, police officers and social workers. Because of occupational burnout work efficiency may deteriorate. Oncology nurses are among the most affected nurse groups in terms of exposure to the risk of burnout.

Conclusions: Oncology nurses as well as other oncology workers exhibit an increased risk and a higher grade of burnout. Psychological training sessions are available which effectively prevent and alleviate the effects of burnout.

Authors and Affiliations

Przemysław Mateusz Domagała

Aleksandra Gaworska-Krzemińska

Probing EFL Teachers’ Job Motivation in the Light of Intra-individual Level Predictors

Afsaneh Ghanizadeh Nahid Royaei

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2018 | vol. 49 | No 3: Advances in research on performance anxiety | DOI: 10.24425/119505

Keywords EFL instructors burnout motivation self-efficacy SEM

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Abstract

The present study aims to scrutinize teacher motivation in relation to two individual level predictors, namely, self -efficacy and burnout among English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers. To this end, 142 English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers were selected from various English language institutes of Mashhad and Tehran, two cities in Iran. They were requested to complete three questionnaires: the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale, and the Work Tasks Motivation Scale for Teachers. The findings obtained via SEM revealed that the proposed model had a good fit with the empirical data. In particular, it was found that job motivation contributed significantly to burnout depletion. It was also revealed that self -efficacy positively predicted job motivation, and burnout negatively influenced self -efficacy. However, self -efficacy surpassed motivation in predicting EFL instructors’ burnout. Results were discussed from both theoretical standpoints as well as previous empirical findings. Finally, implications were presented.

Authors and Affiliations

Afsaneh Ghanizadeh

Nahid Royaei

The Big Five and Burnout among Teachers: the Moderating and Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy

Agnieszka Sylwia Zawadzka Maciej Kościelniak Anna Maria Zalewska

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2018 | vol. 49 | No 2: Integrated approach to personality and well-being | DOI: 10.24425/119482

Keywords big five burnout teachers self-efficacy

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between Big-Five personality traits, perceived self-efficacy (GSES) and dimensions of occupational burnout in accordance with Christina Maslach’s three-factor burnout model (emotional burnout, depersonalization, perceived lack of own accomplishments). Data collected among 271 teachers (82% female) aged 20–68 confirmed findings from previous research that four personality traits (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) are correlated with burnout and that they are significant predictors for all dimensions of burnout. In addition, it was shown that GSES plays a moderating role as a buffer that protects people with high levels of neuroticism from a sense of lack of own accomplishments. It was also found that GSES plays a mediating role for the relationship between Extraversion, Conscientiousness and Neuroticism and perceived lack of own accomplishments and that it is a suppressor for the relationship of neuroticism with emotional exhaustion. The results are discussed in the context of personality theories and their possible applications.

Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Sylwia Zawadzka

Maciej Kościelniak

Anna Maria Zalewska

Why it is important to engage students in school activities? Examining the mediation effect of student school engagement on the relationships between student alienation and school burnout

Katarzyna Tomaszek

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2020 | vol. 51 | No 2 | 98-97 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2020.133767

Keywords student alienation student engagement school burnout mediation

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Abstract

Student engagement and burnout have become the latest focus of attention among researchers and practitioners. This is because both are seen as the main factors connected with the meaningful and purposeful educational activities that lead to high learning outcomes and better physical and mental health. Specifically, burnout decreases, and engagements heightened these characteristics.

The aim of the present study was to explore the relationships between alienation, engagement and burnout in an educational context. Additionally, the mediation role of school engagement on the association between alienation and burnout was tested.

The study was conducted among 109 early adolescents, aged 13–15 years (NFemale=52). ESSBS (Elementary Student School Burnout Scale), PAI (Alienation Inventory – Short Form) and SSEM (Student School Engagement Scale) were used to measure the levels of burnout, alienation and engagement, respectively.

The results indicated that higher alienation was associated with lower engagement and with higher school burnout. Student engagement, productivity and belonging significantly mediated the links between alienation total score, normlessness, powerlessness and school burnout. The path analysis revealed that normlessness significantly predicted student engagement (-.44) and school burnout (-.20). The model explained 31% of the variances for school engagement, and 46% of the variances for school burnout.

In conclusion, alienated students – especially those suffering from normlessness – feel disconnected and overwhelmed by school duties. In addition, to diminish the risk of alienation and burnout in a school context of students, educational practitioners should include school engagement (especially belonging and productivity) improvement as one of the most significant protective factors.

Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Tomaszek

e-mail:

ORCID:

‘I wonder why sometimes I feel so angry’ The associations between academic burnout, Facebook intrusion, phubbing, and aggressive behaviours during pandemic Covid 19

Katarzyna Tomaszek Agnieszka Muchacka-Cymerman

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2022 | vol. 53 | No 4 | 302-314

Keywords tudent burnout phubbing FB addiction aggressive behaviours

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Abstract

Several psychological factors are strongly related to aggressive behaviours in university students, such as educational issues and problematic digital activity, namely Smartphone and social media addiction. At the same time, little is known about the role of student burnout syndrome in predicting these mental and social problems. Moreover, although most researchers agree with the notion of sex differences in aggression, excessive digital activity , and burnout syndrome, only a few studies have examined the role of cultural differences. Thus, the present study sought to examine whether digital technology addictions mediate the relationship between student burnout and aggressive behaviours in European and Japanese university students. For this purpose, a cross-sectional, non-experimental and online study was developed with 291 participants (202 females, M = 22.66; SD = 4.35). The findings highlighted how academic burnout and phone snubbing increase, and problematic Facebook usedecrease the risk of aggressive behaviours. In addition, phone snubbing (known as phubbing) mediates the association between student burnout and aggression. Men tend to have more aggressive behaviours than women, and Japanese students were less addicted to FB and less aggressive as well as scoring higher in phubbing than European students. In conclusion, the results confirmed the importance of including cross-cultural differences in digital technology health programs in order to minimise the risk of aggressive behaviours.

Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Tomaszek

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Agnieszka Muchacka-Cymerman

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rzeszów University, Rzeszów, Poland
Pedagogical University of Cracow, Cracow, Poland

Five stages of professional personality development: Comparative analysis

Vitalii Y. Bocheliuk Liana V. Spytska Iryna V. Shaposhnykova Anastasiia V. Turubarova Mykyta S. Panov

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2022 | vol. 53 | No 2 | 88-93 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2022.141136

Keywords Professional self-realisation psychological well-being Burnout Stages of professional development Development crises

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Abstract

The purpose of the study is to determine the characteristic features of personal functioning at different stages of professional development. The survey involved 139 professionals from various fields (74 women and 65 men) aged 24 to 67 years. The sample is divided into 5 groups according to the stage of professional development. A comparative analysis of groups by parameters of professional self-realisation, emotional burnout and psychological well-being is carried out. The results obtained demonstrate the nonlinear, complex dynamics of self-realisation of the individual throughout life and clarify the internal mechanisms of professional development at each stage. The stages of primary and secondary professionalisation are accompanied by the greatest need for self-improvement and at the same time, exaggerated and unrealistic ideas about one's own professional competence. An increased symptomatology of emotional burnout has been identified, which accompanies the peak of professional excellence and determines the next stage of professional activity decline after 30 years of work experience. The coincidence of the normative age and professional crises entails a profound crisis of the pre-retirement age, which is characterised primarily by a loss of goal-setting. People who continue to work in the post-retirement age have the highest rates of self-fulfillment, which leads to overall satisfaction with life and self. The described patterns open new perspectives for the development of ways of psychological counselling and organisational support of specialists.

Bibliography

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Bochelyuk, V. Y., Panov, M. S., Shostya, I. V., & Katasanov, O. M. (2016b). Socio-psychological aspects of self-understanding of the individual in professional communication. Theoretical and Applied Problems of Psychology, 3, 26–33. http://tpppjournal.com.ua/contents/n3y2k16folder/n3y2k16a3.html
Bochelyuk, V. Y., Zavatska, N. E., Kononenko, A. O., Novitska, L. V., & Fedorov, A. Y. (2016a). Socio-psychological features of self- realization of the individual in modern society. Severodonetsk: SNU named after V. Dal.
Chen, F.-P., & Oh, H. (2019). Staff views on member participation in a mental health clubhouse. Health and Social Care in the Community, 27(3), 788–796. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.12697
Cobos, T. L., & González, M. C. (2021). Professional competences of future teachers of secondary education: Case study of the formative evaluation promoted by e-rubrics in the specialty of physics and chemistry. Profesorado, 25(1), 197–221. https://revistaseug.ugr.es/index.php/profesorado/article/view/8374
Glavinska, O. D., Ovdiyenko, I. M., Brukhovetska, O. V., Chausova, T. V., & Didenko, M. S. (2020). Professional self-realization as a factor in the psychological well-being of specialists of caring professions. Journal of Intellectual Disability – Diagnosis and Treatment, 8, 548–559. https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2020.08.03.32
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Authors and Affiliations

Vitalii Y. Bocheliuk

1

Liana V. Spytska

2

Iryna V. Shaposhnykova

3

Anastasiia V. Turubarova

4

Mykyta S. Panov

4

Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic National University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University, Severodonetsk, Ukraine
Kherson State University, Kherson, Ukraine
Khortytsia National Educational Rehabilitation Academy, Khortytsia, Ukraine

Psychologist's Resilience to Stress Factors: Exploring Psychological Peculiarities

Iryna Ievtushenko Svitlana Avramchenko Olena Nezhynska Nataliia Ortikova Svitlana Khilko

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2023 | vol. 54 | No 3 | 169-177 | DOI: 10.24425/ppb.2023.148049

Keywords professional burnout supervision counter transference coping strategies intervention

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Abstract

In the context of the socio-political instability that exists in Ukraine, the problem of stress resistance among psychological service professionals has emerged. The aim of the research is to analyse the professional activity of psychologists in Ukraine at the present stage under the influence of stress factors. The following methods were used to study the nature of stress and its impact on the personality of a psychologist: analytical and synthesis methods, statistical, comparative, survey and interpretive methods. The research results theoretically reveal the peculiarities of the concept of stress, the stages of stress development, and identify the main stressors of professional activity. An empirical study of the stress resistance of psychologists was conducted. The influence of stress on the quality of psychological care was determined. Professional qualities in the psychologist's personality structure were identified, the phenomenon of professional exhaustion, the role of countertransference in counselling were studied, the importance of the code of ethics for psychologists and its violation in the course of practice were revealed. The importance of interventions and supervision as a means of psychological support for the professional development of psychologists was investigated, and statistical indicators of the level of stress were analysed. The practical significance of the research is determined by the current coverage of the problem of the impact of stress on the professional activity of a psychologist and in the creation of effective ways of emotional self-preservation and development of stress resistance, which provide the search for their resources for self-healing and effective work.

Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Ievtushenko

1

Svitlana Avramchenko

2

Olena Nezhynska

3

Nataliia Ortikova

1

Svitlana Khilko

4

Dragomanov Ukrainian State University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University of Cherkasy, Cherkasy, Ukraine
State Tax University, Irpin, Ukraine
National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, Kyiv, Ukraine

Self-endangering Work Behaviour of Polish School Principals During the Coronavirus Pandemic

Karina Leksy Rafał Muster Mirosław Wójciak

Studia Socjologiczne | 2023 | No 2 | 111-130 | DOI: 10.24425/sts.2023.146171

Keywords self-endangering work behaviour (SEWB) COVID-19 Polish school principals health and wellbeing burnout

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Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the work-related demands grew dramatically for school principals, and many experienced overwork, pressure, and stress. An adopted form of a coping reaction by workers who experience large workloads and strong demands for self-organisation has been conceptualised as self-endangering work behaviour (SEWB). This study focuses on three SEWB subscales: work extensification, work intensification, and the reduction in the quality of work among Polish school principals during COVID-19. The results come from an online survey conducted between June and December 2021. The study revealed that SEWBs were associated with respondents’ wellbeing, mental and physical exhaustion, and psychosomatic complaints. The presented study contributes to the limited literature on Polish school principals’ SEWB during the pandemic. Our findings could be a baseline for policymakers for the prevention of overwork and burnout in Polish school principals.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karina Leksy

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Rafał Muster

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mirosław Wójciak

3

e-mail:

ORCID:

Instytut Pedagogiki, Wydział Nauk Społecznych, Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
Instytut Socjologii, Wydział Nauk Społecznych, Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
Katedra Badań nad Gospodarką Cyfrową, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Katowicach

Contemporary University PhD programs in the eyes of doctoral students – demands and resources in the context of doctoral study programs. Research report on the opinion-based survey of doctoral students at the Jagiellonian University

Konrad Kulikowski Rafał Damaziak Anna Kańtoch

Nauka | 2017 | No 2 | 85-105

Keywords study engagement study burnout demands resources PhD students doctoral students PhD candidates PhD opinions

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Abstract

In the academic community within Poland, there is an ongoing debate about the optimal strategies for a redesign of PhD programs; however, the views of PhD students in relation to contemporary doctoral study programs are not widely known. Therefore, in this article, we aim to answer the following questions: (1) what are the demands and the resources for doctoral studies at the Jagiellonian University (JU) as experienced by PhD students? (2) how are these demands and resources related to study burnout and engagement? To gain answers to these questions, we conducted an on-line opinion-based survey of doctoral students. As a result, 326 JU PhD students completed a questionnaire measuring 26 demands and 23 resources along with measures of study burnout and levels of engagement. The results revealed that the demands of doctoral studies at the JU (as declared by at least half of the respondents) are: the requirement to participate in classes that are perceived as an unproductive use of time, the lack of remuneration for tutoring courses with students, a lack of information about possible career paths subsequent to graduation, the use of PhD students as low-paid workers at the university, a lack of opportunities for financing their own research projects, and an inability to take up employment while studying for a doctoral degree. In terms of resources, at least half of the doctoral students pointed to: discounts on public transport and the provision of free-of-charge access to scientific journals. Analyzing both the frequency and strength of the relationships between resources/demands and burnout/engagement, we have identified four key problem areas: a lack of support from their supervisor, role ambiguity within University structures for PhD students, the conflict between paid work and doctoral studies, and the mandatory participation in classes as a student.

Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Kulikowski

Rafał Damaziak

Anna Kańtoch

Chronic fatigue: The heroines of illness narratives

Monika Ładoń

Ruch Literacki | 2023 | No 4 (379) | 463-480 | DOI: 10.24425/rl.2023.148298

Keywords health humanities chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) pain burnout society illness narratives Anne Boyer (b. 1973) Byung-Chul Han (b. 1959)

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Abstract

This article deals with chronic fatigue, one of the characteristic features of contem-porary illness narratives written by women authors. First, it focuses on Małgorzata Ba-ranowska’s To jest wasze życie. Być sobą w chorobie przewlekłej [ This Is Your Life: How to Cope with a Chronic Illness], a story of her own life impaired by SLE (systemic lupus erythe-matosus). The descriptions of her experiences (the disruption of her daily life caused by chronic pain and her attempts make sense of it) provides a frame for the reading of other narratives, Anne Boyer’s The Undying and two journalistic texts on endometriosis, one by Dr Katarzyna Szopa and the other by Dr Karolina Wigura. The article defines chronic fatigue as a social condition which combines a resistance to regenerative therapies with the stress of having to act in demanding situations of real life. The precarious condition of exhausted bodies hovering between a life fully lived and a debilitating morbidity is compared with Byung-Chul Han’s philosophy developed in The Burnout Society and The Palliative Society: Pain Today (originally published in German in 2010 and 2020 respec-tively).

Authors and Affiliations

Monika Ładoń

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach

1

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