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Abstract

The analysis of water self-purification process includes headstreams of rivers in the Upper Silesian agglomeration: the Bierawka, the Kłodnica, Bielszowicki creek and the Szotkówka. These are rivers characterized by small natural flows and a significant anthropogenic pol I utant load. Results of our own research on the self-purification rate were used. The attention was focused on biodegradable substances. The biodegradation rate coefficient k, and water assimilative capacity were determined. Within the same rivers, their particular parts differ in types of a riverbed and swift currents alternate with slow flows. In the case of Bielszowicki creek and the Szotkówka River impoundments were observed, which results in different self-purification conditions. In all investigated parts the rate of organic substance removal, characterized byk, coefficients, was usually much higher than the literature values for comparable rivers, which usually are below 2.0, rarely exceeding 3.0. The creek impoundments occurring in the watercourse beds do not always have a positive impact on the water quality. The role of the creek impoundments in the river self-purification process and their impact on water ecosystems require separate investigations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rudolf Bujok
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Abstract

For majority of running waters point pollution sources are the main sources of pollution. Knowing the water self-purification capacity one can modify the quality of waters through proper management of the discharged pollutants. This study focuses on identifying such solutions for pollutant discharge into the Kłodnica and Bytomka rivers, which would allow for achieving at least the Ill class of surface water quality. Simulation of selected wastewater management scenarios was carried out. The best solutions for the water environment were identified. Only environmental effects which resulted in improvement of the water quality were analyzed. The economical aspect of actions, the undertaking ofwhich is indispensable for achieving the assumed goal, was not taken into account. The selection of the best solutions considering the cost effectiveness cannot be made until a feasibility study for particular undertakings has been completed. Sal i nity and biodegradable pollutants determined by BOD coefficient were taken into consideration. The simulation was carried out using an integrated simulation model IRM (Integrated River Model). In order to protect the river from excessive salinity the optimum solution for the Bytomka River would be desalination, whereas for the Kłodnica River- directing salty mining waters outside its catchment. For protection from biodegradable pollutants the only solution would be tightening the effectiveness criteria for municipal wastewater treatment. Meeting the minimum standards for wastewater treatment, currently obligatory in municipal wastewater treatment plants, will not ensure the assumed water purity level in these rivers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rudolf Bujok

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