It is shown that in uncontrollable linear system ẋ = Ax + Bu it is possible to assign arbitrarily the eigenvalues of the closed-loop system with state feedbacks u = Kx, K ∈ ℜn⨉m if rank [A B] = n. The design procedure consists in two steps. In the step 1 a nonsingular matrix M ∈ ℜn⨉m is chosen so that the pair (MA,MB) is controllable. In step 2 the feedback matrix K is chosen so that the closed-loop matrix Ac = A − BK has the desired eigenvalues. The procedure is illustrated by simple example.
The situation of transsexual persons in Poland is not precisely known; there are only estimates determining the scale of the phenomenon. The lack of information fosters stereotypes and, not infrequently, injurious appraisal; fear of the unknown is also produced, and is gradually turning into widespread prejudice. A social analysis of the phenomenon of transsexuality is hampered by the predominance of the hetero-normative discourse, including in scholarly spheres. The basic issue addressed by the author is the acceptance of transsexual persons, viewed from the perspective of their own personal experiences. These observations concern both the sphere of personal life as well as functioning in the macro-social space (school, work, etc.). In each of these spheres, a change of gender produces complications with which transsexual persons must grapple as they strive to live in harmony with their psychologically intuited gender.
In the paper an approach to design of multipurpose control systems is considered. It is presented an universal and efficient algorithm for synthesis of multipurpose control system for proper, invertible and right-invertible multi-input multi-output dynamic (MIMO) plants which can be both unstable and/or non-minimumphase. The developed control systems feature both dynamic (either block or row-by-row) decoupling and arbitrary closed-loop pole placement and zero steady-state errors for regulation or tracking processes in presence of (non-diminishing) disturbances.
The paper concerns the problem of state assignment for finite state machines (FSM), targeting at PAL-based CPLDs implementations. Presented in the paper approach is dedicated to state encoding of fast automata. The main idea is to determine the number of logic levels of the transition function before the state encoding process, and keep the constraints during the process. The number of implicants of every single transition function must be known while assigning states, so elements of two level minimization based on Primary and Secondary Merging Conditions are implemented in the algorithm. The method is based on code length extraction if necessary. In one of the most basic stages of the logic synthesis of sequential devices, the elements referring to constraints of PAL-based CPLDs are taken into account.
The article includes presentation of fuzzy numbers application in projects prioritizing at
manufacturing and service providing enterprises. The following criteria have been applied
as a basis for projects prioritizing analysis in enterprise: NPV index, linked with the enterprise strategic aims, project execution cost, project time, project scope and risk. As the
criteria selected were of measurable and non-measurable character in projects prioritizing
evaluation, the fuzzy decision making system has been developed, in which a linguistic value
has been defined for each criterion of projects prioritizing. Knowledge base has been developed afterwards, presenting cause-effect dependencies in projects prioritizing. Knowledge
base consisted of conditional rules. Fuzzy system of decision making in project prioritizing
has been developed in MATLAB application.
The decision making fuzzy system established, constitutes an efficient tool for projects prioritizing, on the basis of criteria given and concluding system developed. The obtained analysis
results provide basis for the decision making parties to set the projects execution sequences.
In cellular networks, cells are grouped more densely around highly populated areas to provide more capacity. Antennas are pointed in accordance with local terrain and clutter to reduce signal shadows and interference. Hardware parameters are easily set during installation but difficult to change thereafter. In a dynamic environment of population migration, there is need to continuously tune network parameters to adapt the network performance. Modern mobile equipment logs network usage patterns and statistics over time. This information can be used to tune soft parameters of the network. These parameters may include frequency channel assignment or reuse, and transmitter radiation power assignment to provide more capacity on demand. The paper proposes that by combining the frequency and power assignments, further optimisation in resource allocation can be achieved over a traditional frequency assignment. The solution considers the interference, traffic intensity and use of priority flags to bias some edges. An Edge Weight Power and Frequency Assignment Algorithm is presented to solve the resource allocation problem in cellular networks. The paper also analyses the performance improvements obtained over that of the Edge Weight Frequency Assignment Algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of the Edge Weight Frequency Assignment Algorithm depending on the initial structure of the graph.