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Abstract

In this paper we studied the intensification of the water clarification process on contact clarifiers with quartz sand fil-tering bed, which was modified with a solution of aluminum sulphate coagulant. The modification of the quartz sand filter-ing bed was carried out by applying to the surface of grains of quartz sand solution of coagulant aluminum sulphate with different doses. Investigation of the electrokinetic potential of the filtering material (quartz sand) was carried out by the percolation potential method.

The influence of electrical properties (size and sign of the charge) of the filtering bed itself and suspended solids in the water on the filtration process was studied. The filter material – quartz sand used in contact clarifiers has a negative electric charge. When the electric charge of the particles decreases, that is, as the ζ-potential decreases, the repulsive forces de-crease and it the adhesion of particles becomes possible. This is the process of coagulation of the colloid. The forces of mu-tual gravity between the colloidal particles begin to predominate over the electric repulsive forces at the ζ-potential of thesystem less than 0.03 V.

Modification of quarts filtering bed with a solution of coagulant aluminum sulphate recommended for the purification of surface water allows: to intensify the process of water clarification, to reduce the consumption of reagents by 25–30%, with the obtaining purified water of the required quality, to reduce the production areas necessary for reagent management of treatment facilities, and to reduce the cost of water treatment by 20–25%.

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanislav S. Dushkin
Serhii Martynov
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Abstract

The paper presents results of aluminium concentration determination in the samples of surface water and bottom sediments of the Mala Wełna River (West Poland). In the surface water the concentration of aluminium varies in the range from 4.14 to 25.9 ug/dm'. With use of the Mineql+ program the concentration of the aluminium sulphate complexes in the water samples studied has been determined in a model way. In the bottom sediments samples of the river aluminium has been determined in the granulometrie fractions of the grain sizes> 2.0; 2.0-1.0; 1.0-0.5; 0.5-0.25; 0.25-0.1; 0.1-0.063; < 0.063 mm, using the sequential extraction scheme proposed by Tessier el al. The lowest concentration of aluminium has been found in the granulometrie fraction 0.5-0.25 mm, while the highest in the fractions 0.1-0.063 and< 0.063 mm. An elevated concentration of aluminium has been also noted in the fraction> 2.0 mm. Taking into regard the chemical fractions the lowest concentration of aluminium has been found in the exchange fraction and the fraction bounded to carbonates (fractions I and li), whereas the highest concentration of aluminium has been determined in the lithogenic fraction (fraction V). The methods of sample preparation for analysis of aluminium in bottom sediments were compared. Il was observed that higher concentration of aluminium was present in grounded samples without its influence on grain size fractions. The concentration of aluminium in surface water samples has been determined by the GF-AAS, while in bottom sediments by F-AAS.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Frankowski
Anetta Zioła-Frankowska
Jerzy Siepak
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Abstract

This study is the evaluation of the coagulation efficiency of the aluminum sulfate on the removal of catechol and pyrogallol. The study has focused on the impact of inorganic components of hardness Algerian waters. Jar-test trials were conducted on the two phenolic compounds dissolved in distilled water only, which was later enriched with minerals. Several reaction parameters varied, including the effect of pH and the influence of the salt content, and this approach yielded a better understanding of interaction between phenolic compounds and calcium/magnesium salts. The results indicate that the process efficiency depends on the number and position of OH in molecules. The main mechanisms would be either a physical adsorption, an exchange of ligand, or complexation on the floc surface of aluminum hydroxide. Moreover, the addition of inorganic salts appears to improve removal efficiency of tested phenolic compounds and have an effect on the optimal pH range for coagulation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lynda Hecini
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hassen Boukerker
2
ORCID: ORCID
Wahida Kherifi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Abdelkarim Mellah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Samia Achour
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Scientific and Technical Research Center for Arid Areas (CRSTRA), M.B. 1682 Biskra 07000, Algeria
  2. University of Biskra, Laboratory in Underground and Surface Hydraulics (LARHYSS), Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Civil Engineering and Hydraulics, Biskra, Algeria

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