Fatty acids are very important biological substances due to their metabolic, structural and signal- ing functions. Omega-3 has different beneficial, harmful and neutral effects on adipokines. Adi- pokines have autocrine, paracrine and endocrine effects on metabolism. In the study 54 German Fawn x Hair crossbred goats were synchronized using intravaginal sponges. During the first pe- riod (mating-75 days), all animals were fed a diet supplemented with protected fat and during the second period of pregnancy (76 days-kidding), one of the groups was fed a diet supplemented with fish oil and other was fed a diet supplemented with protected fat. Serum leptin, ghrelin, adi- ponektin and omentin levels were measured by ELISA system. Distributed fed (roughage and concentrate) were sampled and dry matter, crude protein, fat, and ash were determined by AOAC (1988) analysis methods. The Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) and Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) analysis were conducted using heat stable α-amylase and sodium sulphite. Fat source (fish oil or protected fat) affected feed consumption and the highest feed consumption was found in the group fed with protected oil first half of the pregnancy and with fish oil in the second half of the pregnancy and in the fish oil group during the pregnancy. It was determined that the use of fish oil during pregnancy did not affect ghrelin, leptin and omentin concentrations in serum. Adipokine levels of fish oil fed animals during any period of pregnancy were found to be high and it was also found that serum adiponectin levels in goats fed with diet containing fish oil in the first half of pregnancy and protected fat in the second half were statistically significantly high in adipokines.

B a c k g r o u n d: Regulation of energy balance in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) is disturbed due to lack of significant part of the intestine. The goal of the research was to analyse the plasma concentrations of selected regulatory peptides — ghrelin, visfatin, and irisin — in children with SBS.

M e t h o d s: To achieve this aim we recruited study group consisted of 28 children with SBS fed parenterally for at least two weeks, mean age 14 ± 5 months and mean standardised body mass index (SDS-BMI) –1.26 ± 0.84. The control group was represented 25 healthy children of matching age and SDS-BMI. The plasma concentrations of peptides (ghrelin, visfatin, and irisin) were determined using immunoassays, and liver enzymes (AST, ALT, GGT) using an auto-analyser.

R e s u l t s: We observed lower visfatin and ghrelin levels in the study group as compared to controls (both P <0.0001). The lowest total ghrelin concentration was observed in SBS children after ileal resection (P = 0.0016). Irisin concentration did not differ between the groups. Most of the SBS children showed elevated liver enzymes activities at the first measurement and during one-year follow-up.

C o n c l u s i o n: Our findings showed that plasma ghrelin and visfatin themselves may play a role in the course of SBS, while a lack of disturbance in irisin might imply that it is neither playing any role nor it is affected by SBS itself.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by very poor prognosis. It is caused by asymptomatic course of the disease at early stage. Symptomatic PDAC means usually advanced stage of the disease, making radical treatment impossible. Finding of biological PDAC marker could improve PDAC treatment through early diagnosis. In our study, we investigated two adipokines: omentin and chemerin concentration in PDAC, chronic pancreatitis (CP) and healthy individuals. We examined 27 PDAC patients, 10 CP patients and 36 controls. To determine concentration of adipokines we used ELISA immunoenzymatic assay. Level of both adipokines was increased when comparing control group to PDAC patients. Additionally, chemerin concentration in CP group was elevated comparing to control. To evaluate both adipokines as potential PDAC biomarkers we performed ROC analysis. Chemerin (AUC = 0.913) displayed better discriminant ability than omentin-1 (AUC = 0.73). Some authors believe that chemerin may promote tumour growth by stimulating angiogenesis and is supposed to be a factor recruiting mesenchymal stroma cells (MSC) in tumour regions. Omentin-1 can inhibit tumourigenesis by TP53 stimulation. On the other hand, according to some studies, omentin-1 may promote cancer proliferation via Akt signalling pathway. Results from our study showed signifi cantly elevated level of chemerin and omentin-1 in PDAC patients. Th erefore, w e believe that both investigated adipokines may provide promising and novel pharmacological insights for oncological diagnosis in the near future.