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WC-5Co Cemented Carbides Fabricated by SPS

P. Siwak D. Garbiec
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 4 | 2031-2037 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2018.125140
Keywords spark plasma sintering cemented carbides WC-5Co hardness fracture toughness
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Abstract

New graphite tools were designed and produced to fabricate a semi-finished product from which nine cutting inserts were obtained in one spark plasma sintering process. As a result, WC-5Co cemented carbides were spark plasma sintered and the effect of various sintering parameters such as compacting pressure, heating rate and holding time on the main mechanical properties were investigated. It was shown that WC-5Co cemented carbides spark plasma sintered at 1200°C, 80 MPa, 400°C/min, for 5 min are characterized by the best relation of hardness (1861 ±10 HV30) and fracture toughness (9.30 MPa·m1/2). The microstructure of these materials besides the WC ceramic phase and Co binder phase consists of a synthesized Co3W3C complex phase. Comparison with a commercial WC-6Co cutting insert fabricated by conventional powder metallurgy techniques shows that spark plasma sintering is a very effective technique to produce materials characterized by improved mechanical properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Siwak
D. Garbiec

Research on Fretting Fatigue of Tungsten Carbide Coating Based on Strain Energy Density Methods

Xin Zeng Xiaoxiao Wang Xuecheng Ping Renjie Wang Tao Hu
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 21-30 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141467
Keywords WC coating crack initiation cracking angle critical plane life prediction
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Abstract

The numerical solutions of stress and strain components on the critical plane of tungsten carbide coating were solved based on the critical plane method in three-dimensional coordinate system, and accordingly three strain energy density parameters (Smith-Watson-Topper, Nita-Ogatta-Kuwabara and Chen parameters) were determined to reveal the fretting fatigue characteristics of tungsten carbide coating. In order to predict the fretting fatigue life based on the strain energy density criterion, the expressions between the strain energy density parameter and the fretting fatigue life was obtained experimentally. After the comparison of the three strain energy parameters, it was found that all three parameters could accurately predict the crack initiation position, but only the Smith-Watson-Topper parameters could accurately predict the crack initiation angle. The effects of cyclic load, normal load and friction coefficient on fretting fatigue damage behaviors were discussed by using the Smith-Watson-Topper criterion. The results show that the fretting fatigue life decreases with the increase of cyclic load; an increase in the normal contact load will cause the Smith-Watson-Topper damage parameters more concentrated at the outer edge of the bridge foot; a decrease in the friction coefficient will increase the Smith-Watson-Topper damage parameters in the middle of the contact surface.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xin Zeng
1 2
Xiaoxiao Wang
1 2
Xuecheng Ping
1 2
Renjie Wang
1 2
Tao Hu
3
  1. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin 300222, China
  2. Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Integrated Design and Online Monitoring of Light Industry and Food Engineering Machinery and Equipment, Tianjin 300222, China
  3. Shanghai Xifa Business Consult ing Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200232, China

Consolidation and Oxidation of Ultra Fine WC-Co-HfB2 Hard Materials by Spark Plasma Sintering

Hyun-Kuk Park Ik-Hyun Oh Ju-Hun Kim Sung-Kil Hong Jeong-Han Lee
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 4 | 997-1000 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136413
Keywords WC cemented carbide hafnium diboride spark plasma sintering oxidation mechanical property
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Abstract

In this study, a novel composite was fabricated by adding the Hafnium diboride (HfB2) to conventional WC-Co cemented carbides to enhance the high-temperature properties while retaining the intrinsic high hardness. Using spark plasma sintering, high density (up to 99.4%) WC-6Co-(1, 2.5, 4, and 5.5 wt. %) HfB2 composites were consolidated at 1300℃ (100℃/min) under 60 MPa pressure. The microstructural evolution, oxidation layer, and phase constitution of WC-Co-HfB2 were investigated in the distribution of WC grain and solid solution phases by X-ray diffraction and FE-SEM. The WC-Co-HfB2 composite exhibited improved mechanical properties (approximately 2,180.7 kg/mm2) than those of conventional WC-Co cemented carbides. The high strength of the fabricated composites was caused by the fine-grade HfB2 precipitate and the solid solution, which enabled the tailoring of mechanical properties.
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Bibliography

[1] J.H. Lee, I.H. Oh, J.H. Jang, S.K. Hong, H.K. Park, J. Alloys Compd. 786, 1-10 (2019).
[2] J. Garcia, V.C. Cipres, A. Blomqvist, B. Kaplan, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 80, 40-68 (2019).
[3] S.A. Shalmani, M. Sobhani, O. Mirzaee, M. Zakeri, Ceram. Int. 46 (16), 25106-25112 (2020).
[4] M .D. Brut, D. Tetard, C. Tixier, C. Faure, E. Chabas, 10th International Conference of the European Ceramic Society, Berlin, 1315-1320 (2007).
[5] A.K. Kumar, K. Kurokawa, Books: Tungsten carbide – Processing and applications, chapter 2: Spark plasma sintering of ultrafine WC powders: A combined kinetic and microstructural study (2012).
[6] R .G. Crookes, B. Marz, H. Wu, Mater. Des. 187, 108360 (2020).
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[8] C. Bagnall, J. Capo, W.J. Moorhead, Metallography Microstructure Analysis 7, 661-679 (2018).
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Authors and Affiliations

Hyun-Kuk Park
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ik-Hyun Oh
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ju-Hun Kim
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Sung-Kil Hong
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jeong-Han Lee
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Smart Mobility Materials and Components R&D Group, 6, Cheomdan-gwa giro 208-gil, Buk-gu, Gwan g-Ju, 61012, Korea
  2. Chonnam National University, Materials Science & Engineering, 77, Yong-bongro, Buk-gu, Gwan g-ju, 61186, Korea

Effects of Transition Metal Carbides on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine Tungsten Carbide Via Spark Plasma Sintering

Jeong-Han Lee Ik-Hyun Oh Hyun-Kuk Park
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 4 | 1029-1032 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136419
Keywords WC cemented carbide transition metal carbide spark plasma sintering grain growth inhibitor hardness
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Abstract

WC-Co cemented carbides were consolidated using spark plasma sintering in the temperature 1400°C with transition metal carbides addition. The densification depended on exponentially as a function of sintering exponent. Moreover, the secondary (M, W)Cx phases were formed at the grain boundaries of WC basal facet. Corresponded, to increase the basal facets lead to the plastic deformation and oriented grain growth. A higher hardness was correlated with their grain size and lattice strain. We suggest that this is due to the formation energy of (M, W)Cx attributed to inhibit the grain growth and separates the WC/Co interface.
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Bibliography

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[9] Y . Peng, H. Miao, Z. Peng, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater. 39, 78-89 (2013).
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Authors and Affiliations

Jeong-Han Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ik-Hyun Oh
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hyun-Kuk Park
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Smart Mobility Materials and Components R&D Group, 6, Cheomdan-gwa giro 208-gil , Buk-gu, Gwang-Ju,61012, Korea

Effect of spray distance on the microstructure and corrosion resistance of WC - based coatings sprayed by HVOF

Ewa Jonda Leszek Łatka Artur Maciej Marcin Godzierz Klaudiusz Gołombek Andrzej Radziszewski
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 2 | e144610 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144610
Keywords WC-based powders AZ31 magnesium alloy High Velocity Oxy Fuel microstructure corrosion resistance
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Abstract

Cermet coatings provide protection against aggressive operating environment of machine and device elements, such as corrosion, wear or high-temperature conditions. Currently WC-based cermet coatings are frequently used in the different industry branches. In this work, conventional WC-based powders (WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr) were sprayed with High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) onto AZ31 magnesium alloy with different spray distances (320 and 400 mm). The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of the spray distance on the microstructure of the coatings, phase composition and electrochemical corrosion resistance. Results revealed that higher spray distance results in greater porosity, 1.9% and 2.3% for 320 mm and 2.8% and 3.1% for 400 mm in case of WC-Co and WC-Co-Cr coatings, respectively. Also the influence has been observed for coatings microhardness, c.a. 1300 HV0.3 for shorter spray distance, whereas for longer one it was less than 1100 HV0.3. The corrosion resistance estimated in potentiodynamic polarization measurements was the best for WC-Co-Cr coating deposited from the shorter spray distance, corrosion current density was equal to 2.9 µA·cm-2 and polarization resistance was equal to 8424 Ω∙cm2.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ewa Jonda
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leszek Łatka
2
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Maciej
3
Marcin Godzierz
4
Klaudiusz Gołombek
5
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej Radziszewski
6
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Metal Forming, Welding and Metrology, ul. Łukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland
  3. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, ul. Krzywoustego 6B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  4. Polish Academy of Sciences, Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, ul. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
  5. Silesian University of Technology, Laboratory of the Testy Materials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  6. “RESURS” Company, A. Radziszewski, ul. Czarodzieja 12, 03-116 Warszawa, Poland

Laser Cladding of WC/T-800 Cermet: Fabrication, Microstructure and Wear Properties

Kyoung-Wook Kim Young-Kyun Kim Sun-Hong Park Kee-Ahn Lee
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 713-717 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136367
Keywords CoMoCr alloy WC cermet Laser cladding microstructure wear properties
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Abstract

This study fabricated a WC/T-800 cermet coating layer with Co-Mo-Cr (T-800) powder and WC powder using laser cladding, and analyzed its microstructure, hardness and wear properties. For comparison, casted bulk T-800 was used. Laser cladded ­WC/T-800 cermet coating layer showed circular WC phases in the Co matrix, and dendritic laves phases. The average laves phase size in the cermet coating layer and bulk T-800 measured as 7.9 µm and 60.6 µm, respectively, indicating that the cermet coating layer had a relatively finer laves phase. Upon conducting a wear test, the cermet coating layer added with WC showed better wear resistance. In the case of laser cladded WC/T-800 cermet coating layer, abrasion wear was observed; on the contrary, the bulk T-800 showed pulled out laves phases. Based on the above findings, the WC/T-800 cermet coating layer using laser cladding and the relationship between its microstructure and wear behavior were discussed.
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Bibliography

[1] W. Xu, R. Liu, P.C. Patnaik, M.X. Yao, X.J. Wu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 452-453, 427-436 (2007).
[2] T. Sahraoui, H.I. Feraoun, N. Fenineche, G. Montavon, H. Aourag, C. Coddet, Mater. Lett. 58 (19), 2433-2436 (2004).
[3] J. Przybylowicz, J. Kusinski, Surf. Coat. Tech. 125 (1-3), 13-18 (2000).
[4] X.H. Zhang, C. Zhang, Y.D. Zhang, S. Salam, H.F. Wang, Z.G. Yang, Corros. Sci. 88, 405-415 (2014).
[5] M .X. Yao, J.B.C. Wu, R. Liu, Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 407 (1-2), 299- 305 (2005).
[6] H.J. Kim, B.H. Yoon, C.H. Lee, Wear 254 (5-6), 408-414 (2003).
[7] A. Scheid, A.S.C. M. d’Oliveira, Mater. Sci. Tech. 26 (12), 1487- 1493 (2010).
[8] T.H. Kang, K.S. Kim, S.H. Park, K.A. Lee, Korean J. Met. Mater. 56 (6), 423-429 (2005).
[9] J. Nurminen, J. Näkki, P. Vuoristo, Int. J. Refract. Met. H. 27 (2), 472-478 (2009).
[10] L. Sexton, S. Lavin, G. Byrne, A. Kennedy, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 122 (1), 63-68 (2002).
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[13] M .J. Tobar, J.M. Amado, C. Álvarez, A. García, A. Varela, A. Yáñez, Surf. Coat. Tech. 202 (11), 2297-2301 (2008).
[14] G . Muvvala, D. Karmakar, A.K. Nath, J. Allpy. Compd. 740, 545-558 (2018).
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Authors and Affiliations

Kyoung-Wook Kim
1
Young-Kyun Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sun-Hong Park
2
Kee-Ahn Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Inha University, Dept. Mater. Sci. Eng., Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
  2. POSCO Technical Research Laboratories, Gwangyang 57807, Republic of Korea

Effect of High Frequency Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties of WC-50Ni+Stellite 1 Coating Layer Fabricated by HVOF Spray Process

Gi-Su Ham Dong-Yeol Wi Sun-Hong Park Kee-Ahn Lee
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 3 | 1087-1092 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.133222
Keywords HVOF spray WC-50Ni Stellite 1 composite coating high frequency heat treatment
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Abstract

The microstructure and macroscopic properties of WC-50Ni+stellite 1(Co-Cr-W, ST1) coating layer fabricated by HVOF spray have been investigated. WC-50Ni powder and ST1 powders were mixed in the ratio of 1:0 and 5:5 wt.%, respectively. Argon heat treatment (Ar) and high-frequency heat treatment (H.F.) were conducted on the coating materials. WC was decomposed in the Ar heat treatment specimen, but decomposition of WC was not observed in the H.F. heat treatment specimen. Hardness was measured for as-sprayed WC-50Ni (821.5Hv) and as-sprayed WC-50Ni+ST1 (668.1 Hv). Hardness of Ar heat treatment specimen was reduced by about 14~18% than that of the as-sprayed coating layers. However, when the H.F. heat treatment was performed, the hardness inversely increased by about 6~10% than the as-sprayed coating layer. Based on these results, the method to improve the mechanical property of HVOF sprayed WC-50Ni+ST1 coating layer has also been also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Gi-Su Ham
Dong-Yeol Wi
Sun-Hong Park
Kee-Ahn Lee
ORCID: ORCID

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