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Abstract

Different methods are used for production of bronze bearings. In terms of technical specifications, the success of each of these methods

depends on the bond’s strength and in terms of economic, the production method is important. In this study, the aim is to study the strength

and microstructure of steel-bronze thrust bearing bond that has been produced through the casting using pre-mold. In this study, in order to

bond, the raw metals are chemically washed with sulfuric acid solution for five minutes at first. Then, the molten bronze SAE660 is cast in

a structural steel S235JR pre-mold. The bond’s strength has been measured using the shear test three times; the measurement of bond’s

length has been done using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The results indicate that the strength of the bond is at

least 94.8 MPa and bond’s length is 0.45 micrometers. Therefore, this method was successful for trust bearing application.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Zaheri
S.E. Vahdat
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Abstract

The uncertainty, threats and risks are unavoidable aspects of human existence. The response to them is trust, the expectation of beneficial, future actions of others (individuals, institutions, organizations). Risk and trust take unique forms during pandemic. Risk is global, universal, hard to assess and attached to common, everyday actions. Trust, the bridge over the abyss of uncertainty, is directed toward three addressees: the government, medicine (medical science, services and products), and the other members of society. For each category the expectations are different. These theoretical considerations are applied and illustrated by the brief history of the pandemic in Poland.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Sztompka
1

  1. Uniwersytet Jagielloński
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Abstract

This paper sheds light on the social cohesion shifts that have occurred in Ukrainian society since 24th February 2022. Drawing on the case study method, the research juxtaposes pre-war surveys with data collected in Ukraine during March-December 2022. The study confirms the comprehensive strengthening of social cohesion at both attitudinal and behavioral levels accompanied by unprecedently high institutional trust, civic identity, and mass-spread volunteering. The article demonstrates that the value of Ukraine’s independence became a crucial point for national consolidation under war conditions. The increased mutual support, emotional connectedness, and enhanced horizontal bonds point at the growth of cohesion. It is proposed to treat the practices of resistance, citizens’ expectations about the state’s future, their feelings associated with this the state and their belief in victory as additional indicators of social cohesion measurement during wartime. Alongside the positive trends, the social cohesion risk zones are identified, too, and countermeasures discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oleksandra Deineko
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Norwegian Institute for Urban and Regional Research (NIBR) OsloMet, V.N. Karazin KharkivNational University, NIBR, Karazin Kharkiv National University
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Abstract

Trust and willingness to cooperate depend on the structure of one’s social network and the resources one can access through it. In this study, based on a survey dataset of a representative sample of the Polish population (n = 1000) we create an empirical ‘map’ of four distinct dimensions of social capital: degree (number of social ties), centrality in the social network, bridging social capital (ties with dissimilar others), and bonding social capital (ties with similar others, primarily with kin). We investigate the links between social capital and its key correlates: generalized and particularized trust and willingness to cooperate. We find that centrality (or occupying the position of a network bridge) is positively related to trust, whereas for bonding social capital this relation is negative. We find also a puzzling effect of cooperation without trust in the case of individuals with high bridging social capital resources (ties with dissimilar others).
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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Growiec
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Growiec
2
ORCID: ORCID
Bogumił Kamiński
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. SWPS Uniwersytet Humanistycznospołeczny
  2. Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
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Abstract

The data aggregation process of wireless sensor networks faces serious security problems. In order to defend the internal attacks launched by captured nodes and ensure the reliability of data aggregation, a secure data aggregation mechanism based on constrained supervision is proposed for wireless sensor network, which uses the advanced LEACH clustering method to select cluster heads. Then the cluster heads supervise the behaviors of cluster members and evaluate the trust values of nodes according to the communication behavior, data quality and residual energy. Then the node with the highest trust value is selected as the supervisor node to audit the cluster head and reject nodes with low trust values. Results show that the proposed mechanism can effectively identify the unreliable nodes, guarantee the system security and prolong the network lifetime.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yubo Wang
Liang Li
Chen Ao
Puning Zhang
Zheng Wang
Xinyang Zhao
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Abstract

The idea of using the Cloud of Things is becoming more critical for e-government, as it is considered to be a useful mechanism of facilitating the government’s work. The most important benefit of using the Cloud of Things concept is the increased productivity that the e-governments would achieve; which eventually would lead to significant cost savings; which in turn would have a highly anticipated future impact on egovernments. E-government’s diversity goals face many challenges; trust is one of the major challenges that it is facing when deploying the Cloud of Things. In this study, a new trust framework is proposed which supports trust with the Internet of Things devices interconnected to the cloud; to support the services that are provided by e-government to be delivered in a trusted manner. The proposed framework has been applied to a use case study to ensure its trustworthiness in a real mission. The results show that the proposed trust framework is useful to ensure achieving a trusted environment for the Cloud of Things for it to continue providing and gathering the data needed for the services that are offered by users through E-government.

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Authors and Affiliations

Hasan Abualese
Thamer Al-Rousan
Bassam Al-Shargabi
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Abstract

In this interview, conducted during the XXIII International Congress of Historical Sciences in Poznan, Verónica Tozzi Thompson (professor of Philosophy of History at the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina) discusses historiography in Argentina and recent trends in historical theory, in particular the epistemology of the witness. She addresses important issues concerning key concepts for the philosophy and sociology of history: truth and trust. In addition, Tozzi Thompson discusses the differences and connections between analytic and narrativist philoso-phy of history and recommends some further readings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kowalewski Jahromi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach
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Abstract

Trust and trustworthiness are crucial for science: equally for the scientific knowledge, scientific institutions and scientific community. For scientific knowledge the main criterion of trustworthiness is the search for truth, for scientific institutions it is the regime of autonomy, and for scientific community – respecting the ethos of science: norms of universalism, communalism, disinterestedness and organized scepticism (peer review and meritocracy). In the traditional academic science due to these criteria the level of deviance (fraud, plagiarism etc.) was very low. Alas in current post-academic science we witness numerous occurrence of fake knowledge, loss of autonomy of academic institutions and the neglect of the ethos of science among scholars. There are several processes responsible for this condition: fiscalisation, privatization, marketization, bureaucratization, and the pressure of non-academic, external forces and interests on scientific community. The regaining of autonomy and reactivation of academic culture (primarily the ethos of science), are the preconditions for overcoming the current crisis of trustworthiness in science.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Sztompka
1 2

  1. członek rzeczywisty PAN
  2. Uniwersytet Jagielloński
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Abstract

In the last decades borderlands studies have been rapidly developing in various disciplines. Within the changing function of European borders (from separating line between two souvereign states to borderscapes of intercultural flows and fluid identity) the focus of border scholars moved towards social relations and bottom-up perspective. Thus, borderlands are perceived as laboratories of European integration and multicultural spaces. For the aim of this article, borderlands are defined as spaces located on the geographical border between different states, nations and cultures that are objects of European Union cohesion policy. By analysing the Eurobarometer survey on cross-border cooperation I try to demonstrate differences between border regions covered by the Interreg cross-border cooperation programmes in terms of cross-border practices, general trust in others and attitudes towards citizens of neighbouring countries.

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Authors and Affiliations

Elżbieta Opiłowska
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Abstract

The article presents results of a survey of attitudes toward experts’ recommendations in fighting COVID-19 pandemic, scientists and science in general, and academic freedom in Poland, and discusses them in the context of the on-going pandemic as well as local developments in Poland. The global crisis triggered by the coronavirus pandemic highlighted the subtle, yet vital social role played by science, which in normal circumstances does not present itself that vividly. This, paradoxically, comes at a time, when the status of science and scientific freedom is disputed in the Polish public debate. The internet survey was conducted by the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences in April 2021 on a sample of Poles aged 18–65.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ireneusz Sadowski
1
Marta J. Kołczyńska
1
Anna Ciepielewska-Kowalik
1
Bogdan W. Mach
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN, Warszawa
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of experimental validation of a set of innovative software services supporting processes of achieving, assessing and maintaining conformance with standards and regulations. The study involved several hospitals implementing the Accreditation Standard promoted by the Polish Ministry of Health. First we introduce NOR-STA services that implement the TRUST-IT methodology of argument management. Then we describe and justify a set of metrics aiming at assessment of the effectiveness and efficiency of the services. Next we present values of the metrics that were built from the data collected. The paper concludes with giving the interpretation and discussing the results of the measurements with respect to the objectives of the validation experiment.

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Górski
Aleksander Jarzębowicz
Jakub Miler
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Abstract

This article aims at verifying the findings by Richard g. Wilkinson and Kate e. Pickett (2009) which point to a strong correlation between the income gap and the escalation of social problems. Wilkinson and Pickett’s thesis, described here as ‘the Spirit level concept’, states that all kinds of social problems (ranging from drug abuse to lack of trust among people) are directly connected with the scale of social inequality in a given country. In this article we test this concept by analyzing the relation between the income gap in a particular country and four important problems: health condition, trust, social activity and cultural activity. We investigate this relation in european union countries.

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Szlendak
ORCID: ORCID
Arkadiusz Karwacki
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) is the new research paradigm which has gained a great significance due to its widespread applicability in diverse fields. Due to the open nature of communication and control, the IoT network is more susceptible to several security threats. Hence the IoT network requires a trust aware mechanism which can identify and isolate the malicious nodes. Trust Sensing has been playing a significant role in dealing with security issue in IoT. A novel a Light Weight Clustered Trust Sensing (LWCTS) model is developed which ensures a secured and qualitative data transmission in the IoT network. Simulation experiments are conducted over the proposed model and the performance is compared with existing models. The obtained results prove the effectiveness when compared with existing approaches.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rajendra Prasad M
1
Krishna Reddy D
2

  1. Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, India
  2. Chaitanya Bharathi Institute of Technology, India
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Abstract

This paper aims to provide a high-level overview of practical approaches to machine-learning respecting the privacy and confidentiality of customer information, which is called Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning. First, the security approaches in offline-learning privacy methods are assessed. Those focused on modern cryptographic methods, such as Homomorphic Encryption and Secure Multi-Party Computation, as well as on dedicated combined hardware and software platforms like Trusted Execution Environment - Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX). Combining the security approaches with different machine learning architectures leads to our Proof of Concept in which the accuracy and speed of the security solutions will be examined. The next step was exploring and comparing the Open-Source Python-based solutions for PPML. Four solutions were selected from almost 40 separate, state-of-the-art systems: SyMPC, TF-Encrypted, TenSEAL, and Gramine. Three different Neural Network architectures were designed to show different libraries’ capabilities. The POC solves the image classification problem based on the MNIST dataset. As the computational results show, the accuracy of all considered secure approaches is similar. The maximum difference between non-secure and secure flow does not exceed 1.2%. In terms of secure computations, the most effective Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning library is based on Trusted Execution Environment, followed by Secure Multi-Party Computation and Homomorphic Encryption. However, most of those are at least 1000 times slower than the nonsecure evaluation. Unfortunately, it is not acceptable for a realworld scenario. Future work could combine different security approaches, explore other new and existing state-of-the-art libraries or implement support for hardware-accelerated secure computation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Konrad Kuźniewski
1
Krystian Matusiewicz
1
Piotr Sapiecha
1

  1. Intel, the IPAS division
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Abstract

The article summarizes panel discussions led at the Polish Scientific Networks conference. It covers the topics of social and (un)social innovations, their sources, and applications, as well as the new approaches to the concept of the wisdom of the crowds (as opposed to swarm mentality). The article draws on academic research on trust and distrust, declining reliance on formal expertise and a turn against the science, and posttruth society phenomenon. The article concludes with observations about risk aversion in different cultures, to suggest some practical solutions in education programs, needed to address the challenges of the future.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Bielec
Dariusz Jemielniak
Bartłomiej Skowron
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

To improve the curve driving stability and safety under critical maneuvers for four-wheel-independent drive autonomous electric vehicles, a three-stage direct yaw moment control (DYC) strategy design procedure is proposed in this work. The first stage conducts the modeling of the tire nonlinear mechanical properties, i.e. the coupling relationship between the tire longitudinal force and the tire lateral force, which is crucial for the DYC strategy design, in the STI (Systems Technologies Inc.) form based on experimental data. On this basis, a 7-DOF vehicle dynamics model is established and the direct yaw moment calculation problem of the four-wheel-independent drive autonomous electric vehicle is solved through the nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode (NFTSM) control method, thus the optimal direct yaw moment can be obtained. To achieve this direct yaw moment, an optimal allocation problem of the tire forces is further solved by using the trust-region interior-point method, which can effectively guarantee the solving efficiency of complex optimization problem like the tire driving and braking forces allocation of four wheels in this work. Finally, the effectiveness of the DYC strategy proposed for the autonomous electric vehicles is verified through the CarSim-Simulink co-simulation results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xiaoqiang Sun
1 2
Yujun Wang
1
Yingfeng Cai
1
Pak Kin Wong
3
Long Chen
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Automotive Engineering Research Institute, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang Jiangsu, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  3. Department of Electromechanical Engineering, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau

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