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Abstract

Automating the tasks that require manpower has been considered as an area of active research in science and technology. Challenges in designing such systems include accuracy in the parameters of performance, minimal hardware, cost-efficiency, and security. The efficiency of drones designed for replacing humans is often evaluated using their weight, flying time, and power consumption. Herein, the prototypebased Drone model has been designed and discussed for horticulture applications. In this model, a horticulture drone has been designed for structuring and cutting of plants in street interstates. This methodology focuses on automation engineering that is utilized for cutting the plants in less time and less power, thereby diminishing the contamination that may happen by utilizing fuels. The epic part of this plan includes the less weight drone predesigned using Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) V5 Software. The throttle for the motors is adjusted at 50% to get the required thrust for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to fly. Experimental results show that the horticulture drone has comparatively more flying time and less power consumption.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Arun Kumar
1
Dioline Sara
1
Nagarjuna Telagam
1
Balwinder Raj
2

  1. Department of EECE, GITAM University Bengaluru, India
  2. Department of Electronics Communication, Engineering, NITTTR, India
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Abstract

Thrust bearing model is developed for fluid flow calculation and for determination of bearing integral characteristics in the presence of sliding surfaces closure and shaft angular displacements. The model is based on the coupled solution of the problem of incompressible fluid flow between the sliding surfaces and the problem of bearing and shaft elements deformation under the action of the fluid film pressure. Verification of the bearing model results is carried out by the comparison versus the fluid flow calculation results obtained by STAR-CD software and the experimental and theoretical results represented in the certain literature. Thrust bearing characteristics are determined versus sliding surfaces closure and rotating disk (runner) angular displacements. The contribution of the sliding surfaces deformations into bearing integral characteristics is estimated.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mikhail Temis
Alexander Lazarev
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Abstract

This paper explores the parametric appraisal and machining performance optimization during drilling of polymer nanocomposites reinforced by graphene oxide/carbon fiber. The consequences of drilling parameters like cutting velocity, feed, and weight % of graphene oxide on machining responses, namely surface roughness, thrust force, torque, delamination (In/Out) has been investigated. An integrated approach of a Combined Quality Loss concept, Weighted Principal Component Analysis (WPCA), and Taguchi theory is proposed for the evaluation of drilling efficiency. Response surface methodology was employed for drilling of samples using the titanium aluminum nitride tool. WPCA is used for aggregation of multi-response into a single objective function. Analysis of variance reveals that cutting velocity is the most influential factor trailed by feed and weight % of graphene oxide. The proposed approach predicts the outcomes of the developed model for an optimal set of parameters. It has been validated by a confirmatory test, which shows a satisfactory agreement with the actual data. The lower feed plays a vital role in surface finishing. At lower feed, the development of the defect and cracks are found less with an improved surface finish. The proposed module demonstrates the feasibility of controlling quality and productivity factors.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kumar Jogendra
1
Rajesh Kumar Verma
1
Arpan Kumar Mondal
2

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India.
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research, Kolkata, India.
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Abstract

In this study, a multi-pad bump-type foil thrust bearing with a taper-land height profile is investigated. A detailed thermo-elastohydrodynamic (TEHD) finite element (FE) model is used comprising all bearing pads instead of only a single pad. Although the single-pad reduction approach is commonly applied, it can not accurately account for the different temperatures, loads, and power losses for individual pads in the case of misalignment. The model accounts for the deformations of the foils on each pad via a Reissner-Mindlin-type shell model. Deformations of the rotor are calculated via the Navier-Lamé equations with thermoelastic stresses and centrifugal effects. The temperature of the top foil and the rotor are calculated with the use of heat diffusion equations. The temperature of each lubricating air film is obtained through a 3D energy equation. Film pressures are calculated with the 2D compressible Reynolds equation. Moreover, the surrounding of the bearing and runner disk is part of the thermodynamic model. Results indicate that the thermal bending of the runner disk as well as top foil sagging are key factors in performance reduction. Due to the bump-type understructure, the top foil sagging effect is observed in simulation results. The study at hand showcases the influence of misalignment between the rotor and the bearing on the bearing performance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Markus Eickhoff
1
ORCID: ORCID
Johannis Triebwasser
1
Bernhard Schweizer
1

  1. Institute of Applied Dynamics, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
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Abstract

In recent years, manufacturing industries have demanded high-performance materials for structural components development due to their reduced weight, improved strength, corrosion, and moisture resistance. The outstanding performance of polymer nano-composites substitutes the use of conventional composites materials. This study is concerned with the machining of MWCNT and glass fiber-modified epoxy composites prepared by a cost-effective hand layup procedure. The investigations were carried out to estimate the generation of the thrust force (Th) and delamination factors at entry (DF entry) and exit (DF exit) side during the drilling of fiber composites. The effect of varying constraints on the machining indices was explored for obtaining an adequate quality of hole created in the epoxy nano-composites. The outcome shows that the feed rate (F) is the most critical factor influencing delamination at both entry and exit side, and the second one is the thrust force followed by wt. % of MWCNT. The statistical study shows that optimal combination of S (1650 Level-2), F (165 Level-2), and 2 wt. % of MWCNT (Level-2) can be used to minimize DF entry, DF exit, and Th. The drilling-induced damages were studied by means of a high-resolution microscopy test. The results reveal that the supplement of MWCNT substantially increases the machining efficiency of the developed nano-composites.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kuldeep Kumar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rajesh Kumar Verma
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Materials and Morphology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
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Abstract

Unsteady motion of the impeller is one of the several methods to improve mixing in unbaffled vessel. It is very important in pharmaceutical industry, crystallization processes or some chemical reaction with catalyst where baffles are not recommended. The literature data shows that unsteady mixing cause generation of axial flow for radial impellers (Rushton turbine). The purpose of this study was to investigate axial force for axial impellers like A315, HE-3 and SC-3. Moreover, the momentum number, flow number and pumping efficiency were analysed. Results shows that axial force for unsteady mixing is higher in comparison to steady-state mixing. Also, the comparison of axial force between impellers shows that blades influence momentum number and flow number. Impellers with larger blade surface generate stronger axial force. The obtained results reveal that unsteady mixing with axial impellers could be apply for solid-liquid mixing as suitable alternative to steady-state mixing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Woziwodzki
1

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering and Equipment, Berdychowo 4, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
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Abstract

Full-floating ring bearings are state of the art at high speed turbomachinery shafts like in turbochargers. Their main feature is an additional ring between shaft and housing leading to two fluid films in serial arrangement. Analogously, a thrust bearing with an additional separating disk between journal collar and housing can be designed. The disk is allowed to rotate freely only driven by drag torques, while it is radially supported by a short bearing against the journal. This paper addresses this kind of thrust bearing and its implementation into a transient rotor dynamic simulation by solving the Reynolds PDE online during time integration. Special attention is given to the coupling between the different fluid films of this bearing type. Finally, the differences between a coupled and an uncoupled solution are discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Steffen Nitzschke
1
Christian Ziese
1
Elmar Woschke
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Mechanics, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
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Abstract

The aim of the study described herein was to design, construct and test a demonstrator of a system to control the direction of the resultant thrust vector of a rocket motor to be used in short range anti-tank missiles with a mass of up to 15 kg. The novelty of the system is that the direction of the resultant thrust vector is manipulated by means of moveable jet vanes integrated with a moveable nozzle diffuser through telescopic connectors. The technology demonstrator was built using different materials and different manufacturing processes. The first versions were 3D printed from plastic materials. Minor modifications to the design were made at an early stage. The final version had the main components made of aluminum using CNC machining. The system, with and without jet vanes, was tested on a specially developed test rig equipped with a multi-axis sensor to measure forces and torques. The nozzle performance parameters measured and analyzed in this study were the components of the thrust vector, the moments and the effective vectoring angle. The findings show that the experimental data are in good agreement with the results of earlier simulations and that the demonstrator is fully operational.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Krzysztof Nocoń
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marta Grzyb
1
Piotr Szmidt
1
Łukasz Marian Nowakowski
2

  1. Kielce University of Technology, Department of Mechatronics and Armament Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering,al. Tysia˛clecia Pan´stwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
  2. Kielce University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Metrology, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering,al. Tysia˛clecia Pan´stwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
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Abstract

Intermetallic γ-TiAl alloy has excellent properties at high temperatures and is thus attracting attention as a substitute for nickel-based superalloy parts for turbine engines. However, γ-TiAl alloy is reported to be a difficult material to be machined due to its low ductility at room temperature, tensile strength, and thermal conductivity. In this study, a system capable of measuring thrust force (Tf) and torque (Tc) during the drilling process was constructed, and drilling processability according to the heat treated microstructure of γ-TiAl alloy was compared. As a result, it was confirmed that the thrust and torque of the γ-TiAl alloy having a microstructure in which the grains were refined by the heat treatment process was relatively low and rapidly stabilized, which is advantageous for drilling.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hyunseok Yang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Woo-Chul Jung
1
ORCID: ORCID
Man-Sik Kong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Changhee Lee
2

  1. Advanced Materials & Processing Center, Institute for Advanced Engineering, Yongin, South Korea
  2. Hanyang University, Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract

The Rzeszów thrust-top basin was formed on the active Skole thrust sheet of the Outer Carpathian fold-andthrust belt and filled with Miocene syntectonic sediments. New seismic 3D, well and field data were used to define the relationship between sedimentation and tectonic activity and to establish the synkinematic context of the Rzeszów basin-fill architecture. The basin evolution was controlled by the activity of the Carpathian frontal thrust and hinterland thrusts developed in the forelimbs of folds in the Skole thrust sheet, bounding the basin from the north and south, respectively. The activity of the frontal thrust resulted in hinterland-directed depocentre migration and tilting of the syntectonic stratigraphic sequence. Balanced cross-sections have indicated that during the last compressive stage of deformation, the syntectonic deposits filling the basin were shortened by c. 5%, which resulted in the formation of folds and contractional faults. The architecture of the syntectonic deposits and the development of contractional structures reflect the activity of thrusts bounding the basin during compressive deformation of the Carpathian orogenic belt.

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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Uroda
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of measurements and predictions of radial thrust in centrifugal pump with specific speed ns = 26. In the pump tested, a volute with rectangular cross-section was used. The tests were carried out for several rotational speeds, including speeds above and below the nominal one. Commercial code ANSYS Fluent was used for the calculations. Apart from the predictions of the radial force, the calculations of axial thrust were also conducted, and correlation between thrust and the radial force was found. In the range of the measured rotational speeds, similarity of radial forces was checked.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Karaskiewicz
Marek Szlaga
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Abstract

A total number of 156 palaeomagnetic specimens of metacarbonates from 9 sites in Blomstrandhalvøya and Lovénøyane (Kongsfjorden, western Spitsbergen) and an additional 77 specimens of unmetamorphosed sediments infilling fractures (4 sites) within the Caledonian metamorphic basement of Blomstrandhalvøya were demagnetized. No relicts of pre-metamorphic magnetization were identified. The Natural Remanent Magnetization (NRM) pattern of metacarbonates is dominated by Caledonian (sensu lato) – Svalbardian and Late Mesozoic/Cenozoic secondary magnetic overprints carried by the pyrrhotite and magnetite/maghemite phases, respectively. The NRM of unmetamorphosed sediments infilling the karstic/tectonic fractures is dominated by hematite carrier. It revealed three stages of magnetization: Caledonian sensu lato, Carboniferous and Late Mesozoic/Cenozoic, which can be related to their initial fracturing, karstification and sedimentation or reactivation. As the majority of the palaeopoles calculated for the Kongsfjorden sites fit the 430 – 0 Ma sector of Laurussia reference path in an in situ orientation these results support the hypothesis that Blomstrandhalvøya and Lovénøyane escaped main Eurekan deformations. The potential rotation of the Kongsfjorden basement by any west dipping listric fault activity rotating the succession accompanying the opening of North Atlantic Ocean was not documented by the palaeomagnetic data presented here.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Michalski
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Abstract

The present theoretical study is concerned with the analysis of surface roughness effects on the steady-state performance of stepped circular hydrostatic thrust bearings lubricated with non-Newtonian fluids: Rabinowitsch fluid model. To take the effects of surface roughness into account, Christensen’s theory for rough surfaces has been adopted. The expression for pressure gradient has been derived in stochastic form employing the energy integral approach. Results for stochastic film pressure and load-carrying capacity have been plotted and analyzed based on numerical results. Due to surface roughness, significant variations in the theoretical results of these properties have been observed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Udaya P. Singh
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rajkiya Engineering College, Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh, India

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