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Abstract

The article deals with West Slavonic words on cud represented by verbs such as Old Czech cúditi, Polish cudzić or adjectives such as Czech cudný, Polish cudny, czudny. These words are not etymologically clear, and the etymological dictionaries suggest different solutions, either considering these words as cognates or looking for other etymological connections. More light on the issue could be thrown by Old Church Slavonic študь ‘custom, manners, morals’ which has not been taken into account so far while reflecting the etymologies of the abovementioned words. Old Church Slavonic word corresponds to older Czech cud ‘discipline, good manners’ and this noun (in its late Proto Slavonic form) can be taken as a basis for the verb (Old Czech cúditi etc.) in the meaning ‘to clean, brush, remove’ and the adjective (Czech cudný etc.) in the meaning ‘chaste, modest, moral’. The Proto Slavonic root of the word can be reconstructed as * tjud from Pre Slavonic * teud which can be traced back to Indo European * teuH ‘to protect, friendly give one’s mind to sb.’. Nominal derivatives of this root offer striking semantic parallels in Germanic: Old English geđiede ‘good, decent, chaste’, đēaw ‘custom, manners, morals’, Old High German, Old Saxon thau ‘discipline’.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jiří Rejzek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Charles University, Institute of Czech Language and Theory of Communication, Prague, Czech Republic
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Abstract

The article deals with the semantic development of Proto‑Slavic * lichъ. This adjective has many disparate meanings in Slavonic languages which have predominantly developed from the Proto‑Slavic meaning ‘odd, uneven’. The concept of ‘oddness, unevenness’ was mostly viewed as something undesirable and harmful which is reflected by meanings like ‘needless, futile, vain, wretched, evil, ominous etc.’. There is, however, also a group of positive meanings in Slavic languages, such as ‘free, daring, high‑spirited, skilful, famous’. The semantic shift to these meanings has not been satisfactorily explained. We suggest a development via the meanings ‘free from sth, singular’ (partially attested in Old Church Slavonic and some other Slavic languages) as one of the possible directions of semantic development of * lichъ from which the aforementioned positive meanings could be explained.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jiří Rejzek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Ústav pro jazyk český, Praha
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Abstract

The text discusses parallels in the semantic development of the Proto‑Slavic lexemes * brudъ and bridъ – parallels which are common to East Slovak dialects, the Polish linguistic area and Eastern Slavic Languages (Ukrainian and Belarusian). The article features an analysis of these lexical units which are a part of the Polish language and appear in the Eastern Slovak dialect – one of the three basic groups of Slovak dialects, and which have a similar development to that observed in East Slavic Languages. The aim is to trace the semantic development of the words studied in the area in question, and the establishment of the nature of the interlinguistic relations which occur in the situations discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Szymon Pogwizd
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Kraków, Instytut Slawistyki PAN

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