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The Occurrence of the Airborne Bacteria Genus Staphylococcus in the City of Olsztyn

Izabella Zmysłowska Barbara Jackowska
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2005 | vol. 31 | No 1 | 13-24
Keywords airborne bacteria Staphylococcus sp
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Abstract

This paper presents the qualitative and quantitative results of the research into potential pathogens of genus Staphylococcus in the air in the centre and in the recreational areas of Olsztyn. The qualitative examinations were conducted for one year, from October 2002 to September 2003, with one-month intervals between measurements, which were done at testing sites with the use of sedimentation and impaction methods of sampling. When the samples were taken by the sedimentation method, the average count of this type of bacteria at various sites was higher than in those taken by the impaction method. The colonies of Staphylococcus bacteria, isolated from air samples taken four times during the test period in October 2002, January, April and July 2003, were further identified down to the species, based on biochemical tests. A wider species diversity of this type of bacteria was found in the samples taken by the sedimentation method (8 species) than by the impaction method (3 species). Among the Staphylococcus bacteria isolated from air the following species dominated: S. xylosus 61% and S. len/us 15% when the samples were taken by the sedimentation method and 31 % and 62%, respectively, with the impaction method. When the samples were taken by the sedimentation method, 8% of Staphylococcus aureus and 2% Staphylococcus epidermidis were found among all the isolated bacteria (627 cfu/m3). These species were not found in the samples taken by the impaction method.
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Authors and Affiliations

Izabella Zmysłowska
Barbara Jackowska

Microstructural, Corrosion and Abrasive Characteristics of Titanium Matrix Composites

P. Figiel D. Garbiec A. Biedunkiewicz W. Biedunkiewicz P. Kochmański R. Wróbel
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2018 | vol. 63 | No 4 | 2051-2059 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2018.125142
Keywords Titanium matrix composite SPS corrosion resistance sliding wear
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Abstract

Commercially pure titanium is less expensive, generally more corrosion resistant and lower in strength than its alloys, and is not heat-treatable. The use of Ti and its alloys as construction materials under severe friction and wear conditions is limited due to their poor tribological properties. Nevertheless, proper addition of hard ceramic particles into Ti and its alloys has proved to be an efficient way to enhance their mechanical and wear properties. Our purpose in this work was to analyze the corrosion, tribocorrosion, mechanical and morphological effects of combining titanium carbide with titanium metal, to create a unique composite via spark plasma sintering technique (SPS). Composites with different mass percentage (1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 wt %) of ceramic phase were produced. The samples of pure Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy were also tested, as a reference. These composites were examined for mechanical properties and corrosion resistance in an environment similar to the human body (Ringer’s solution). Open circuit potential (OPC) and anodic polarization measurements were performed. The properties of titanium composites reinforced with micro- and nanocrystalline TiC powders were compared. It was stated that wear properties were significantly improved with increasing amount of TiC in matrix, especially in the case of nanocrystalline reinforcement. In terms of corrosion resistance, the composites showed slightly worse properties compared to pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloy.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Figiel
D. Garbiec
A. Biedunkiewicz
W. Biedunkiewicz
P. Kochmański
R. Wróbel

Combined antimicrobial action of streptomycin and terpenes against atypical mycobacteria isolated from fish

L. Guz K. Puk D. Szwajgier A. Pastuszka
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 1 | 135-138 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149334
Keywords antibacterial atypical Mycobacterium sp. terpenes
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimycobacterial activity of 39 free terpenes and their activity in combination with streptomycin. Antimicrobial activity was first evaluated by screening 39 free terpenes at concentrations from 1.56 to 400 μg/mL. None of these exhibited positive effects against any of the nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) strains tested. However, six of the 39 terpenes (isoeugenol, nerol, (+)-α-terpineol, (1R)-(−)-myrtenol, (+)-terpinen-4-ol, and eugenol) were shown to enhance the activity of streptomycin against the NTM strains isolated from diseased ornamental fish.
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Bibliography

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20. Puk K, Wawrzykowski J, Guz L (2023) Evaluation of the anti-mycobacterial activity and composition of Carlina acaulis L. root extracts. Pol J Vet Sci 26: 57-63.
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22. Sieniawska E, Swatko-Ossor M, Sawicki R, Skalicka-Woźniak K, Ginalska G (2017) Natural terpenes influence the activity of antibiot-ics against isolated Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Med Princ Pract 26: 108-112 .
23. Szmygin-Milanowska K, Grzywa-Celińska A, Zwolska Z, Krawczyk P, Guz L, Milanowski J (2016) ‘TB or not TB’ Problems of dif-ferentia diagnosis of cutaneous mycobacteriosis and tuberculosis – A case study and interdisciplinary discussion. Ann Agric Environ Med 23: 97-102.
24. Vasconcelos SS, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Hegeto LA, Baldin VP, Nakamura CV, Stefanello TF, Gauze GF, Yamazaki DA, Scodro RB, Siqueira VL, Cardoso RF (2018) Carvacrol activity and morphological changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Future Microbiol 13: 877–888.
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Authors and Affiliations

L. Guz
1
K. Puk
1
D. Szwajgier
2
A. Pastuszka
1
  1. Department of Biology and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
  2. Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland

Spark Plasma Sintering of MN-ZN Ferrite Powders by High Energy Ball Milling

Jun Young Suh Yo-Seung Song Si Young Chang
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2019 | vol. 64 | No 2 | 565-569 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2019.127579
Keywords high energy ball milling Nano-sized particles SPS Conventional sintering density
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Abstract

The Mn-Zn ferrite powders prepared by high energy ball milling were heat-treated, subsequently compacted and sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Based on the observation of microstructure, the characteristics of samples after SPS were investigated and compared with ones after conventional sintering. The size of initial powders was approximately 650 nm and decreased to 230 nm after milling at 300 rpm for 3 h. After heat treatment at 973K for 1h, the milled powders became larger to approximately 550 nm in size again and the peaks of Mn2O3 disappeared in XRD patterns. In the samples after SPS, the Fe2O3 and MnZnFe2O4 phases decomposed at the higher temperatures than 1173K and 1373K, respectively, while only MnZnFe2O4 phase was detected in the samples conventionally sintered at 1273~1673K. As the sintering temperature increased, the relative density after SPS increased more quickly than that after conventional sintering. In particular, it reached approximately 99% after SPS at 1473K.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jun Young Suh
Yo-Seung Song
Si Young Chang

Biosorption of Pb(II) by the resistant Enterobacter sp.: Investigated by kinetics, equilibriumand thermodynamics

Lei Liu Mengya Xia Jianwen Hao Haoxi Xu Wencheng Song
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2021 | 47 | 3 | 28-36 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2021.138461
Keywords Pb(II) biosorption Enterobacter sp. kinetics thermodynamics
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Abstract

The Pb(II)-resistant bacterium was isolated from heavy metal-contained soils and used as a biosorbentto remove Pb(II). The strain was identified as Enterobacter sp. based on the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Theeffect of biosorption properties (pH value, Pb(II) concentration, bacterial concentration and temperature) onPb(II) was investigated by batch experiments. Results of FTIR and XPS showed that the biosorption process mainly involved some oxygen-containing groups (-OH and -COOH groups). The experimental results and equilibrium data were fitted by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively. The experimental biosorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model, and the maximum biosorption capacity was 40.75 mg/g at 298 K. The calculated ΔGо and ΔHо were –4.06 and 14.91(kJ/mol), respectively, which indicated that biosorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Results show that Enterobacter sp. will be an efficient biosorbent for Pb(II) removal.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lei Liu
1 2
Mengya Xia
1
Jianwen Hao
1
Haoxi Xu
1
Wencheng Song
2 3
  1. School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Vocational and Technical College,Hefei, 230011, P.R. China
  2. Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, P. R. China
  3. Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health & Medical Technology,Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, P.R. China

Evaluation of the antagonistic potential of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum F.28.1A

Nguyen Quoc Khuong Cao Thi Thuy Trang Do Thi Xuan Le Thanh Quang Tran Ngoc Huu Ly Ngoc Thanh Xuan Jun-Ichi Sakagami Le Vinh Thuc
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2023 | vol. 63 | No 1 | 13-26 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2023.144502
Keywords Fusarium sp. sesame Trichoderma spp. wilt disease
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Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against wild pathogen Fusarium oxysporum F.28.1A, which causes wilt disease on sesame. Twenty-six isolates of Trichoderma spp. isolated from soil samples were tested to control F. oxysporum F.28.1A. Prescreening showed that five isolates were T-02B1, T-18B2, T-20B1, T-28B1, and T-29A1, based on the lowest values of colony radius of F. oxysporum F.28.1A. The selected isolates were identified by their ITS region as T. yunnanense T-02B1, T. lentiforme T-18B2, T. asperellum T-20B1, T. hamatum T-28B1, and T. hamatum T-29A1, with similarities around 96–100%. The isolates selected were able to produce enzymes including chitinase, exo-β-1,3-glucanase, and endo-β-1,3-glucanase at levels of 0.34–0.44, 0.017–0.034, and 0.032–0.121 UI · ml –1, respectively, which were considered to be a mechanism to prevent the growth of F. oxysporum F.28.1A. The isolates tested were applied in soil pots to prevent damage from F. oxysporum F.28.1A as a following experiment. The greenhouse experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 10 treatments, including a negative control, application of only F. oxysporum F.28.1A, application of both F. oxysporum F.28.1A and fungicide chemicals, application of both F. oxysporum F.28.1A and Trichoderma spp. DHCT, application of T. yunnanense T-02B1, application of T. lentiforme T-18B2, application of T. asperellum T-20B1, application of T. hamatum T-28B1, application of T. hamatum T-29A1 and a mixture of the five selected isolates of Trichoderma spp. with their total population equal to that in individual strain application. The results showed that the five mixed isolates of Trichoderma had a synergistic effect on the reduction of the disease’s prevalence by 35% compared to the negative control treatment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nguyen Quoc Khuong
1
Cao Thi Thuy Trang
1
Do Thi Xuan
2
Le Thanh Quang
2
Tran Ngoc Huu
1
Ly Ngoc Thanh Xuan
3
Jun-Ichi Sakagami
4
Le Vinh Thuc
1
  1. Faculty of Crop Science, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Viet Nam
  2. Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Viet Nam
  3. Experimental and Practical Area, An Giang University – Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  4. Tropical Crop Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Japan

Development and Analysis of Symmetric Encryption Algorithm Qamal Based on a Substitution-permutation Network

Rustem G. Biyashev Nursulu A. Kapalova Dilmuhanbet S. Dyusenbayev Kunbolat T. Algazy Waldemar Wojcik Andrzej Smolarz
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2021 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 127-132 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2021.135954
Keywords encryption cryptanalysis S-box SP-network
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Abstract

This paper represents a developed cryptographic information protection algorithm based on a substitutionpermutation network. We describe the cryptographic transformations used in the developed algorithm. One of the features of the algorithm is the simplicity of its modification with regard to different security levels. The algorithm uses a predeveloped S-box tested against differential and linear cryptanalysis. The S-box is consistent with one of the known standards AES and GOST R 34.12-2015. We provide the findings of an avalanche-effect investigation and statistical properties of ciphertexts. The algorithm actually meets the avalanche-effect criterion even after the first round.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rustem G. Biyashev
1
Nursulu A. Kapalova
1
Dilmuhanbet S. Dyusenbayev
1
Kunbolat T. Algazy
1
Waldemar Wojcik
2
Andrzej Smolarz
2
  1. Institute of Information and Computational Technologies of the Committee of Science of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Almaty
  2. Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland

Effects of different microalgae Botrycoccus sp. Beads concentrations on the growth and nutrients uptake in kitchen wastewater

N.A.R. Shaari N.M. Apandi N.M. Sunar R. Nagarajah K. Cheong S.S.M. Ahia Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim M. Gacek Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1609-1615 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146230
Keywords microalgae immobilized Botryococcus sp. kitchen wastewater
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Abstract

The present study is aimed to access the growth rates, biomass productivity and nutrient removal in different concentrations of microalgae Botryococcus sp. beads using kitchen wastewater as a media. Verhulst logistic kinetic model was used to measure the optimal concentrations of microalgae Botryococcus sp. in kitchen wastewater in terms of cell growth rate kinetics and biomass productivity. The study verified that the maximum productivity was recorded with 1×106 cell/ml of the initial concentration of Botryococcus sp. with 42.64 mg/l/day and the highest removal of tp and ammonia was obtained (78.14% and 60.53% respectively). The highest specific growth rate of biomass at 0.2896 μmax/d compare to other concentrations, while the lowest occurred at concentrations of 105 cells/ml at 0.0412 μmax/d. The present study shows the different concentrations of Botryococcus sp. in alginate beads culturing in kitchen wastewater influence the cells growth of biomass and nutrient uptake with optimum concentration (106 cells/ml) of Botryococcus sp. which is suggested for wastewater treatment purposes. The result of scanning electron microscopy (sem) shows differences in morphology in terms of surface; smoother and cleaner (before the experiment), cracks and rough surface with black/white spots (after the experiment). These findings seemly can be applied efficiently in kitchen wastewater treatment as well as a production medium for microalgae biomass.
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Authors and Affiliations

N.A.R. Shaari
1
N.M. Apandi
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
N.M. Sunar
3
ORCID: ORCID
R. Nagarajah
1
K. Cheong
1
S.S.M. Ahia
1
Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
4
ORCID: ORCID
M. Gacek
5
ORCID: ORCID
Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia Faculty Of Engineering Technology, Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Pagoh Education Hub, 84600, Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Susta Inable Engineering Technology Research Centre (Setechrc), Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Pagoh Educat Ion Hub, 84600, Pagoh, Muar, Johor, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Research Centre for Soft Soil (Recess), Institute of Integrat Edengineering, 86400 Batu Pahat , Johor, Malaysia
  4. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (Unimap), Centre of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (Cegeogtech), 01000 Perlis, Malaysia
  5. Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Production Engineering And Materials Technology. Department of Physics, 19 Armii Krajowej Av., 42-200 Czestochowa , Poland

Electrochemical behavior and morphology of selected sintered samples of Mg65Zn30Ca4Pr1 alloy

Bartłomiej Hrapkowicz Sabina Lesz Aleksandra Drygała Małgorzata Karolus Klaudiusz Gołombek Rafał Babilas Julia Popis Adrian Gabryś Katarzyna Młynarek-Żak Dariusz Garbiec
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 3 | e145564 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.145564
Keywords magnesium rare-earth elements SPS corrosion
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Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of the milling time on the corrosion resistance of the Mg65Zn30Ca4Pr1 alloy, powders of the alloy were prepared and milled for 13, 20, and 70 hours, respectively. The samples were sintered using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology at 350◦C and pressure of 50 MPa. The samples were subjected to potentiodynamic immersion tests in Ringer’s solution at 37◦C. The obtained values of Ecorr were –1.36, –1.35, and –1.39 V, with polarization resistance Rp = 144, 189, and 101 Ω for samples milled for 13, 20 and 70 h, respectively. The samples morphology showed cracks and pits, thus signaling pitting corrosion.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Hrapkowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sabina Lesz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Drygała
1
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Karolus
2
ORCID: ORCID
Klaudiusz Gołombek
3
ORCID: ORCID
Rafał Babilas
1
ORCID: ORCID
Julia Popis
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adrian Gabryś
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Młynarek-Żak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Garbiec
4
  1. Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, ul. Pułku Piechoty 75 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
  3. Materials Research Laboratory, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Konarskiego 18a, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  4. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Poznan Institute of Technology, ul. Ewarysta Estkowskiego 6, 61-755 Poznan, Poland

Spark Plasma Sintered Mn-Al (Magnets) Production and Characterization with Experimental Design

Can Burak Danisman Gultekin Goller
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 4 | 1357-1367 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.146201
Keywords Mn-Al Magnets SPS τ phase DOE
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Abstract

Mn-Al alloys are important alloys due to their magnetic properties and have been identified as permanent magnets. This alloy possesses magnetic properties and can be manufactured at a relatively low cost. Mn-Al alloys could be an alternative to rare earth magnets and hard ferrites and have a promising future. In this study, the effects of sintering temperature, holding time and pressure on densification, average grain size and magnetic properties of the SPS-ed Mn-Al alloys were observed. However, with the different sintering parameters, the magnetic phase τ phase could be achieved. To obtain the τ phase, different annealing methods were tried, yet samples heated to 650°C and air cooled exhibited magnetic properties. This sample was selected from various sintering parameters due to its high density of 99% N6 (800°C – 300 sec – 60 MPa) and has an average grain size of 137±18.1 µm. The uniqueness of this work is that statistical approaches such as Taguchi design of experiment (DOE) and regression were used for optimization of the manufacturing process.
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Authors and Affiliations

Can Burak Danisman
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gultekin Goller
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Istanbul Technical University, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey

Diversity of Pseudomonas species associated with soft rot of plants in Poland

Lena Żołbowska Henryk Pospieszny
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2001 | No 1 | 67-76
Keywords Pseudomonas sp. PCR heterogeneity identification occurrence
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Abstract

A total of 94 pectolytic and 60 nonpectolytic Pseudomonas isolates were obtained from 250 samples of rotted vegetable specimens representing various economically important vegetables. The isolates were identified on the basis of standard biochemical tests. Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar V and II and Pseudomonas putida were the most abundant species among pectolytic isolates and Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I among nonpectolytic ones. Only 3 Pseudomonas viridiflava isolates were identified and all of them were obtained from potato. Isolates of pectolytic phenotype were scattered among nonpectolytic ones irrespective of their taxonomical status. Isolates identified biochemically, as Pseudomonas marginalis were also present in nonpectolytic group. PCR method is unsuitable for identification and differentiation of bacteria belonging to pectolytic fluorescens Pseudomonas group due to great diversity of species. However, the results of PCR amplification of the genes encoding pectate lyase suggest that genes responsible for production of this enzyme may also be present in isolates of nonpectolytic phenotype.
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Authors and Affiliations

Lena Żołbowska
Henryk Pospieszny

Molecular prevalence and subtyping of Blastocystis sp. isolates in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey: First report of “ST4 allele 42” in cats

H. Can A.E. Köseoğlu S. Erkunt Alak M. Güvendi C. Ün M. Karakavuk A. Değirmenci Döşkaya M. Aykur A. Aksoy Gökmen A.Y. Gürüz M. Döşkaya
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 2 | 217-223 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2021.137656
Keywords Blastocystis sp. subtyping ST4 allele 42 stray cats
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Abstract

Blastocystis sp. is one of the most frequently detected intestinal parasites in humans and can inhabit a wide range of animals. Close contact with animals is one of the transmission factors of Blastocystis sp. infection in humans. In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence and subtypes of Blastocystis sp. in stray cats living in İzmir, Turkey. The PCR target- ing the barcode region in the SSU rRNA gene was performed with DNA samples isolated from feces (n:465) to investigate the presence of Blastocystis sp. PCR positive samples were sequen- ced for subtyping analysis. Among the samples analyzed, Blastocystis sp. DNA was detected in 17 (3.65%) of them and sequence data were obtained from only seven isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that seven Blastocystis sp. isolates clustered with the reference Blastocystis ST4 isolates. Similarity rates were between 83.22% and 99.25%. In addition, Blastocystis database results confirmed that all of these were “allele 42” corresponding to ST4. As a result, the present study shows for the first time the presence of “ST4 allele 42”, the prevalent subtype in humans, in stray cats in İzmir, Turkey. This finding supports the notion that stray cats can be a source of Blastocystis sp. infection in humans.
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Authors and Affiliations

H. Can
1
A.E. Köseoğlu
1
S. Erkunt Alak
1
M. Güvendi
1
C. Ün
1
M. Karakavuk
2
A. Değirmenci Döşkaya
3
M. Aykur
3
A. Aksoy Gökmen
4
A.Y. Gürüz
3
M. Döşkaya
3
  1. Ege University Faculty of Science Department of Biology Molecular Biology Section, 35040-Bornova/İzmir, Turkey
  2. Ege University Ödemiş Vocational School, 35750-Ödemiş/İzmir, Turkey
  3. Ege University Faculty of Medicine Department of Parasitology, 35100-Bornova/İzmir, Turkey
  4. İzmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 35360-Karabağlar/İzmir, Turkey

A Comparative Study of the Feasibility of Cellular MAX Phase Preforms Formation by Microwave-Assisted SHS and SPS Techniques

A. Dmitruk M. Lagos K. Naplocha P. Egizabal
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 2 | 575-582 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.132795
Keywords MAX phases SHS synthesis microwave SPS porous preforms
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Abstract

Two methods were evaluated in terms of manufacturing of MAX phase preforms characterized with open porosity: microwave-assisted self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The main purpose of fabrication of such open-porous preforms is that they can be successfully applied as a reinforcement in metal matrix composite (MMC) materials. In order to simulate the most similar conditions to microwave-assisted SHS, the sintering time of SPS was significantly reduced and the pressure was maintained at a minimum value. The chosen approach allows these two methods to be compared in terms of structure homogeneity, complete reactive charge conversion and energy effectivity. Study was performed in Ti-Al-C system, in which the samples were compacted from elemental powders of Ti, Al, C in molar ratio of 2:1:1. Manufactured materials after syntheses were subjected to SEM, XRD and STEM analyses in order to investigate their microstructures and chemical compositions. As was concluded, only microwave-assisted SHS synthesis allows the creation of MAX phases in the studied system. SPS technique led only to the formation of intermetallic secondary phases. The fabrication of MAX phases’ foams by microwave-assisted SHS presents some interesting advantages compared to conventional manufacturing methods. This work presents the characterization of foams obtained by microwave-assisted SHS comparing the results with materials produced by SPS. The analysis of SPS products for different sintering temperatures provided the better insight into the synthesis of MAX phases, supporting the established mechanism. Dissimilarities in the heating mechanisms that lead to the differing synthesis products were also discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Dmitruk
ORCID: ORCID
M. Lagos
K. Naplocha
ORCID: ORCID
P. Egizabal

Microstructure and Micromechanical Behaviors of Bulk Amorphous Alloy Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

Yaqiong Ge Zexin Chang Wenxian Wang Qingling Hou
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 31-36 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141468
Keywords Bulk amorphous alloy Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Microstructure Micromechanical behaviors
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Abstract

This study aimed to prepare Zr55Cu30Al10Ni5 bulk amorphous alloys by spark plasma sintering of raw amorphous alloy powders and investigate their microstructure and micromechanical behaviors. When the sintering temperature ( Ts) was 675K, which was lower than the glass transition temperature ( Tg) of the material, the sintered sample was almost fully amorphous but the density was lower. However, when Ts was 705K, which was higher than Tg, partial crystallization occurred, but the density was higher. The hardness of the bonding zone of the sintered sample at 675K was 5.291 GPa due to the lower density, which was lower than that at 705K, and the hardness at 705K was 8.836 GPa. The generation of thermodynamically stable intermetallic phases, the hardness, and the elastic modulus of the samples sintered above Tg were higher due to the higher density.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yaqiong Ge
1
Zexin Chang
1
Wenxian Wang
1
Qingling Hou
1
  1. Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan 030024, China

Electrophysical Properties of the Multiferroic BFN-Ferrite Composites Obtained by Spark Plasma Sintering and Classical Technology

D. Bochenek P. Niemiec D. Brzezińska
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2020 | vol. 65 | No 2 | 799-804 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2020.132823
Keywords Multiferroic composites BFN ceramics Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS)
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Abstract

In the paper the multiferroic (ferroelectric-ferromagnetic) composites based on ferroelectromagnetic/ferroelectric (BaFe1/2Nb1/2O3 (BFN)) powder and ferrite powder (zinc-nickel ferrite) were obtained by two technological methods. In the composite samples the ratio of the ferroelectromagnetic/ferroelectric powder to the magnetic powder was equal to 90:10. The ceramic powders were synthesized by the classical technological method using powder calcination/solid state synthesis, while densification of the composite powders (sintering) was carried by two different methods: (i) Free Sintering method (FS), and (ii) Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS).

At the work, a comparison of measurement results for composite samples obtained by two sintering methods was made. The studies included the following analysis: DTA, XRD, SEM, DC electrical conductivity, electric permittivity and magnetic properties. The result of measurements presented in the work revealed that the ceramic composite obtained by two different technological sintering method (classical technology – Free Sintering method and Spark Plasma Sintering technique) can be promising lead-free materials for functional applications, for example in sensors for magnetic and electric field.

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Authors and Affiliations

D. Bochenek
P. Niemiec
D. Brzezińska

Algal biochar in dairy wastewater treatment

Karolina Dziosa Monika Makowska
Chemical and Process Engineering: New Frontiers | Accepted articles | e58 | DOI: 10.24425/cpe.2024.148552
Keywords algae biomass biochar dairy wastewater Chlorella sp. sorption
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Abstract

The article presents a novel solution based on dairy wastewater sorption on a biochar substrate obtained through thermal decomposition of Chlorella sp. algae biomass. The algal biomass obtained in the culture medium containing wastewater from dairy production was separated from the culture medium through sedimentation and centrifugation and then freeze-dried. After freeze-drying, the dry biomass was pyrolysed at 600 °C in a CO 2 atmosphere.The EDS analysis showed that the oxygen-tocarbon (O/C) and nitrogen-to-carbon (N/C) ratios in the obtained material averaged 0.24 and 0.54 respectively. The arrangement and structure of the obtained biochar was evaluated using Raman spectroscopy. The observed spectra revealed the presence of D bands located at 1346–1354 cm -1 and corresponding to disordered carbon structures, as well as G bands located at 1585–1594 cm -1 and corresponding to tensile vibrations. The D/G intensity ratio was determined at 0.28. The next phase of the research involved sorption of dairy wastewater from cleaning processes containing 1 g of the obtained biochar using solid phase extraction. The study results confirmed high sorption efficiency of the obtained algal biochar. Turbidity was reduced by 93%, suspension by 88%, sulphates by 61%, chlorides by 80%, and organic carbon by 17%. The research confirmed the possibility of using wastewater from dairy production as a natural culture medium for Chlorella sp. algae cultivation to manufacture valuable biochar, which could be used as a sorption bed in the treatment of dairy wastewater from cleaning processes.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Dziosa
1
Monika Makowska
1
  1. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Institute of Sustainable Technologies, Bioeconomy andEcoinnovation Centre, Pułaskiego 6/10, 26-660 Radom, Poland

Several species of moss-mites (Acari, Oribatida) from the Antarctic coastal zone

Wojciech Niedbała
Polish Polar Research | 1986 | vol. 7 | No 1-2 | 119-126
Keywords Antarctic King George Island Oribatida (Acari) Halozetes impeditus sp. nov.
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Abstract

In the present paper several species of moss-mites (Acari, Oribatida), including a species new for science (Halozetes impeditus sp. nov.) caught in the vicinity of the Polish "H. Arctowski" Station on King George Island (South Shetlands) are discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wojciech Niedbała

Formation of the Activated Sludge Biocenosis during Landfill Leachate Pre-Treatment in SBR

Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski Anna Grabińska-Łoniewska
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2009 | vol.35 | No 2 | 53-66
Keywords Landfill lcachatcs SBR activated sludge biocenosis Zoogloea rantivera filamentous bacteria Opercularia sp.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Szyłak-Szydłowski
Anna Grabińska-Łoniewska

Streptomyces sp. mitigates abiotic stress response and promotes plant growth

Windy Manullang Huey-wen Chuang
Journal of Plant Protection Research | 2020 | vol. 60 | No 3 | 263-274 | DOI: 10.24425/jppr.2020.133955
Keywords indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) catalase enzyme solubilize phosphate malondialdehyde (MDA) production Streptomyces sp.
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Abstract

Coexisting microorganisms are abundant in nature. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is a group of beneficial microorganism living around the roots of plants which are able to confer beneficial effects on plant growth. Streptomyces sp. is a gram-positive bacteria as PGPR that can promote plant growth and enhance tolerance in adverse environment. This research was aimed to study the effects of plant growth promotion and stress tolerance of Streptomyces sp. in Arabidopsis and Brassica sp. The amount of indole-acetic acid (IAA) and phosphate solubility were assessed from isolated bacterial. Plant growth promotion was examined in 10-days old seedling with three independent experiments. Our results showed that Streptomyces sp. produced moderate levels of IAA and it was able to solubilize phosphate. Inoculation of Streptomyces sp. enhanced lateral root number, fresh weight and chlorophyll content in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, the inoculation of Streptomyces sp. significantly increased vegetative growth on Arabidopsis and Brassica sp. by producing higher fresh weight and chlorophyll content. Streptomyces sp. also enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis and Brassica sp. by increasing fresh weight under condition of salt and heat stress. Under salt stress, inoculation of Streptomyces sp. in Arabidopsis induced activity of catalase enzyme and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. In the molecular levels, Streptomyces sp. induced protein accumulations in Arabidopsis including nitrogen assimilation (GS1), carbohydrate metabolism (cFBPase), and the light-harvesting chlorophyll (Lhcb1) protein.

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Authors and Affiliations

Windy Manullang
Huey-wen Chuang

Effect of Ball on SPS Characteristics of Ti-Al-Nd Powders Prepared by High Energy Ball Milling

Hyunseung Lee Hoseong Rhee Sangsoo Lee Si Young Chang
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 81-84 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141476
Keywords high energy ball milling STS and Zirconia ball SPS Ti-Al-Nd alloy Microhardness
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Abstract

The effects of different types of balls on spark plasma sintering (SPS) characteristics of high energy ball milled Ti-48wt% Al-4wt% Nd powders were investigated. After ball milling with STS balls and zirconia balls at 800 rpm for 3 h in argon atmosphere, both powders showed shape factors of about 0.8, but their average powder sizes differed respectively at approximately 11 µm and 5 µm. From XRD results, only the peaks of pure Ti, Al and Nd were detected in both powders. The obtained Ti-Al-Nd powders were consolidated by SPS technique at 1373 K for 15 min under a pressure of 50 MPa in vacuum, resulting in high density over 99%. EDS and XRD analyses indicated the formation of binary phases such as TiAl3, TiAl, Ti3Al5, and NdAl3 after SPS in both cases of STS and zirconia balls, while the ternary Ti-Al-Nd phase was detected only in the case of zirconia balls. The size of second phases was slightly smaller in the case of zirconia balls. The microhardness of the sample was 790 Hv with zirconia balls and 540 Hv with STS balls.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hyunseung Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hoseong Rhee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sangsoo Lee
2
ORCID: ORCID
Si Young Chang
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Korea Aerospace University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Goyang, Korea
  2. Korea Aerospace University, Advanced Materials Research Institute, Goyang, Korea

Manufacture of Toughened Al 2O 3-Based Composites by the Combination of RBAO and SPS Processes

Enrique Rocha-Rangel Carlos A. Calles-Arriaga Juan López-Hernández José A. Rodríguez-García
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 249-255 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141501
Keywords RBAO process SPS process Al2O3 Fracture toughness Ceramic composites
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Abstract

The effect of additions of silver or titanium (0.5 or 3 vol.%) microparticles on the microstructure, as well as some physical properties of Al2O3-based composites, were studied. The processing method for the manufacturing of alumina-based composites was a combination of RBAO and SPS processes. After the SPS process, bodies with almost full density were obtained. Observations by optical microscopy show a very fine and homogenous microstructure in all samples. Concerning mechanical properties, the addition of metals on alumina increases its fracture toughness significantly (112% for the sample with additions of silver, while the composite with additions of titanium fracture toughness increases by 72%). In terms of optical properties, both silver and titanium improve the absorbance in the visible range.
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Authors and Affiliations

Enrique Rocha-Rangel
1
ORCID: ORCID
Carlos A. Calles-Arriaga
1
ORCID: ORCID
Juan López-Hernández
1
ORCID: ORCID
José A. Rodríguez-García
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Universidad Politécnica de Victoria, Ciudad Victoria, México

Microstructural Characteristics of Ti-Al-Dy Alloy Produced by High Energy Ball Milling

Yuri Kim Hoseong Rhee Si Young Chang
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 789-793 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136381
Keywords high energy ball milling Ti-Al-Dy powders SPS microstructure Micro-hardness
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Abstract

In this study, the alloying of Ti, Al and Dy powders by high energy ball milling, and the spark plasma sintering (SPS) characteristics of as milled powders have been investigated based on the observation of microstructure. Pure Ti, 6wt% Al and 4wt% Dy powders were mixed and milled with zirconia balls at 600 ~ 1000 rpm for 3h in an Ar gas. The initial sizes of Ti, Al and Dy powders were approximately 20, 40, and 200 μm, respectively. With increasing the milling speed from 600 to 1000 rpm, the size of mixing powders reduced from 120 to 15 μm. On the other hand, from XRD results of powders milled at higher speeds than 700rpm, the peaks of Ti3Al and AlDy phases were identified, indicating the successful alloying. Therefore, the powders milled at 800 rpm have been employed for the SPS under the applied pressure of 50 MPa at 1373K for 15 min. In the SPSed sample, the Al3Dy and two ternary Ti-Al-Dy phases were newly detected, while the peak of AlDy phase disappeared. The SPSed Ti-6Al-4Dy alloy revealed high relative density and micro-hardness of approximately 99% and 950Hv, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yuri Kim
1
Hoseong Rhee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Si Young Chang
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Korea Aerospace University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Goyang 10540, Korea

Evaluation of the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered Titanium Carbide Reinforced Alumina Ceramic Composite

G. Selvakumar S. Prakash K. Rajkumar
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 3 | 831-838 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2021.136387
Keywords Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) Alumina composite TiC Mechanical properties fracture toughness
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Abstract

Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is identified as a suitable technique to prepare the alumina titanium carbide composite to overcome the difficulty in fabricating it through other consolidation method. The present work focuses on the fabrication and characterization of a series of titanium carbide reinforced alumina ceramic composites using a spark plasma sintering process. The titanium carbide reinforcement on the alumina matrix is varied between 20 and 35 wt.%, in order to improve the electrical conductivity and fracture toughness of the composites. The particle size of the starting powders at received and ball milled conditions was analysed through Particle size analyser and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Microstructural analysis revealed that the TiC reinforcement is uniformly dispersed in the sintered composite. XRD report showed that α-alumina and titanium carbide were the two dominant phases without the formation of any reaction phases. Further, the correlation between mechanical and physical properties of the prepared composite was investigated as a function of TiC. Various fracture toughening indicators like crack deflection, bridging and branching were analysed by Vicker’s indentation method. Electrical resistivity of the sintered compact decreases proportionally with the increase in titanium carbide constituents. Maximum density (98.80%) and hardness (20.56 GPa) was obtained for 30 wt. % reinforced composite. Almost 40% improvement in fracture toughness is noted for 25 wt. % reinforced composite. This work demonstrates the synthesis and fabrication of alumina titanium carbide composites at low temperature via SPS resulted in obtaining an intact compact with improved mechanical and electrical properties.
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Authors and Affiliations

G. Selvakumar
1
S. Prakash
1
K. Rajkumar
1
  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, India

Dactylospora dobrowolskii sp. nov. and additions tothe flora of lichens and lichenicolous fungiof Bunger Oasis, East Antarctica

Maria Olech Vagn Alstrup
Polish Polar Research | 1996 | vol. 17 | No 3-4 | 165-168
Keywords Antarctic Bunger Oasis lichens lichenicolous fungi taxonomy distribution Dactylospora dobrowolskii sp. nov.
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Abstract

A lichenicolous fungus, Dactylospora dobrowolskii Olech et Alstrup, new to science is described. The paper reports on 9 species of lichens and lichenicolous fungi collected in the Bunger Oasis (East Antarctica).

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Authors and Affiliations

Maria Olech
Vagn Alstrup

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