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Abstract

In this article we describe the SHA-3 algorithm and its internal permutation in which potential weaknesses are hidden. The hash algorithm can be used for different purposes, such aspseudo-random bit sequences generator, key wrapping or one pass authentication, especially in weak devices (WSN, IoT, etc.). Analysis of the function showed that successful preimage attacksare possible for low round hashes, protection from which only works with increasing the number of rounds inside the function.When the hash function is used for building lightweight applications, it is necessary to apply a small number of rounds,which requires additional security measures. This article proposes a variant improved hash function protecting against preimage attacks, which occur on SHA-3. We suggest using an additional external randomness sources obtained from a lightweight PRNG or from application of the source data permutation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Serhii Onopa
Zbigniew Kotulski
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Abstract

This article analyzes the dynamic power losses generated by various hardware implementations of the BLAKE3 hash function. Estimations of the parameters were based on the results of post-route simulations of designs implemented in Xilinx Spartan-7 FPGAs. The algorithm was tested in various hardware organizations: based on a standard iterative architecture with one round instance in the programmable array, various derived versions with pipeline processing were elaborated, which ultimately led to a set of 6 architectural variants of the cipher, from the iterative case (without pipeline) to one with maximum of 6 pipeline stages. Moreover, the results obtained for the iterative architecture were compared with analogous implementations of the BLAKE2 (direct predecessor) and KECCAK (the foundation of the current SHA-3 standard) algorithms. This case study illustrates the differences (or lack thereof) in the power requirements of these three hash functions when they are implemented on an FPGA platform, and illustrate the significant savings that can be achieved by introducing pipeline to the processing of the BLAKE round.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Sugier
1

  1. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland, Faculty of Information and Telecommunication Technology, Department of Computer Engineering, Poland

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