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'A Book about a Human Being' – a tragic being?

Bożena Listkowska

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 559-570 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135091

Keywords axiological loneliness R. Ingarden loneliness tragedy value

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Abstract

Roman Ingarden in A Book about a Human Being uses the term ‘tragic’ three times with regard to man. The article follows his understanding of tragedy. Its types include: the tragedy of an inner splitting, the tragedy of incessant struggle, the tragedy of non‑fulfillment, the tragedy of passing away, and the tragedy of guilt. Axiological loneliness turns out to be a feature of all types of Ingarden’s tragedy.

Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Listkowska

1

Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Ogińskiego 16, 85-092 Bydgoszcz

About the existence of an objective social reality. Roman Ingarden and the question of social ontology

Artur Kosecki

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 249-262 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135073

Keywords existence R. Ingarden social ontology society

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Abstract

Social ontology is a philosophical discipline on the basis of which an inquiry about the actual ontological status of such objects as money or churches can be undertaken. Such objects belong to socio-cultural reality. Within the field of social ontology philosophers look for answers to the following two questions: (Q1) How does an objective social reality arise? (Q2) How does an objective social reality continue to persist? Roman Ingarden conducted advanced research on the question of existence and on different forms of existence. He was also engulfed in the study of arts and culture. In this article I undertake to analyze Ingarden’s views on socio‑cultural reality and consider his position on the nature of social ontology. I also propose answers to questions (Q1) and (Q2).

Authors and Affiliations

Artur Kosecki

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Instytut Filozofii i Kognitywistyki, ul. Krakowska 71/79, 71-017 Szczecin

Ecophilosophical reading of some principles of Ingardenian anthropology

Adriana Schetz

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 587-595 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135093

Keywords anthropology ecophilosophy R. Ingarden monad relatively isolated system

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Abstract

Roman Ingarden’s work is widely taken as promoting a philosophical anthropology in which considerations from philosophy of ecology, that is, ecophilosophy, have no secure place. I think this contention is too hasty, even though Ingarden himself did not undertake reflections on the responsibility of humans for their natural environment. It is true that here and there he was giving explicit expression to his conviction of the unimportance of biological origins of humans, and was putting a strong emphasis on culture and other intentional creatures of humanity. In my paper I have tried to trace and describe Ingardenian understanding of humans in relation to their environment, and especially to nature. I have made an attempt to show how free human actions are possible, which in turn enforces on humans some responsibility for their actions, including those that impinge upon the nature around them.

Authors and Affiliations

Adriana Schetz

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Instytut Filozofii i Kognitywistyki, ul. Krakowska 71–79, 71-017 Szczecin

Roman Witold Ingarden (1893–1970)

Radosław Kuliniak Mariusz Pandura

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 13-52 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135060

Keywords biography R. Ingarden phenomenology Polish philosophy of the 20th century

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Abstract

This biographical sketch is based on materials from the Roman Ingarden Archive, as yet unrecognized in philosophical literature. These materials are preserved in Krakow by Krzysztof Ingarden, the grandson of the philosopher. On their basis, a two‑volume biography was prepared by R. Kuliniak and M. Pandura I am a philosopher of the world (Κόσμου φιλόσοφός εἰμι) – Roman Witold Ingarden (1893–1970), Parts I and II, Wydawnictwo Marek Derewiecki, Kęty 2019–2020). This presentation is an abridged version of those volumes.

Authors and Affiliations

Radosław Kuliniak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mariusz Pandura

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Koszarowa 3, 51-149 Wrocław
Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Biblioteka Wydziału Nauk Społecznych, ul. Koszarowa 3, 51-149 Wrocław

Making dark depths bright. Methodological analysis of Ingarden’s conception of the work of music

Anna Brożek

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 455-472 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135084

Keywords R. Ingarden methodology of philosophy ontological assumptions work of music

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Abstract

In the book The Work of Music and the Problem of Its Identity Roman Ingarden presented multi‑sided conception of the work of music. The crucial problems of this book are of ontological character and they concern the ontic category and the essence of the music composition. In the present article, Ingarden’s conception is criticized internally and externally. At first, Ingarden’s conception is analyzed from the point of view of his own assumptions. Then, the very assumptions are revised. Ingarden bases his investigation on the elitist analytic corpus (he considers only outstanding works of Western Music) and employs liberal ontological assumptions (he allows many different categories of objects). With these assumptions in place, Ingarden reaches his solution, namely that the work of music is a schematic, purely intentional object. This seems optimal. The perspective changes, if we go beyond the elitist corpus or accept more restrictive ontological assumptions.

Authors and Affiliations

Anna Brożek

1

Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Filozofii, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 3, 00-927 Warszawa

Ingarden, intentionality and invasion of the soul snatchers

Damian Leszczyński

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 437-453 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135083

Keywords delusion R. Ingarden intentional object intentionality knowledge manipulation

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Abstract

In this article I use Roman Ingarden’s conceptual apparatus to show how the category of purely intentional objects can be used to analyze the consciousness of subjects who reside in intentional worlds and experience internal states invoked in their minds by sources external to them.

Authors and Affiliations

Damian Leszczyński

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Koszarowa 3, 51-149 Wrocław

Roman Ingarden on the musical work. Five remarks

Jędrzej Stanisławek

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 487-495 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135086

Keywords R. Ingarden intentional object melody music musical work

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Abstract

The author reflects on the issues raised in R. Ingarden’s article The Work of Music and the Problem of Its Identity. He considers them and presents them in a new light. This author believes that the musical works exist as special relations between special objects. At the same time, he refuses to consider musical creativity a product of human consciousness. In his opinion, consciousness only accepts or rejects musical phrases that present themselves as a product of unconscious brain activity.

Authors and Affiliations

Jędrzej Stanisławek

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

(em.) Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Administracji i Nauk Społecznych, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warszawa

Absence or omnipresence of articulation in Roman Ingarden’s philosophical theory of the structure of the musical work?

Andrzej Krawiec

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 473-485 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135085

Keywords aesthetics articulation R. Ingarden musical work musicology phenomenology philosophy

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Abstract

In The Work of Music and the Problem of Its Identity by Roman Ingarden we are presented with a philosophical theory of the structure of the musical work. The author includes melody, rhythm and harmony among the primary elements of the musical work while dynamics, tempo and colouration (sonoristics) are classified as its secondary elements. The elements designated by the score constitute a schematic prescription for creating a particular work. Still, the scheme also includes numerous gaps and indeterminacies which can be filled in only through performance which makes the work an individualized concretum. However, it is puzzling why the list of the elements of the musical work does not include articulation. In this article I claim that the absence of articulation in the theory of the structure of the musical work indicates its omnipresence, thus the broader we understand the term articulation, the better it penetrates into the remaining elements of the musical work, preserving its distinctiveness at the same time.

Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Krawiec

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Grodzka 52, 33-332 Kraków

Responsibility as a distinguishing feature of personal existence

Witold P. Glinkowski

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 545-557 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135090

Keywords ethical duty existential responsibility freedom and responsibility R. Ingarden person

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Abstract

Considering responsibility as a key anthropological category, Roman Ingarden stresses that it could only be inquired through the lens of a subject that is perceived personally, and not as a ‘pure I’. On the one hand, responsibility determines the nature of personal existence, and on the other hand, personal existence constitutes a space for interrogating about any meanings of the concept of responsibility. What remains problematic, however, is an alternative outlined by Ingarden, which implies that perception of a personal subject must be conducted within either of two perspectives – one that refers to a substantial model of personal subject, or the other that relates to acts of actualising the subject, which unfold in the stream of consciousness. It seems possible to go beyond this contradiction and reconcile the two perspectives – which the modern philosophy of dialogue proposes to do. Ingarden emphasises that the analysis of the concept of responsibility should not be limited to the realm of morality. However, all four scenarios that the philosopher uses as research fields to scrutinise the concept point, or at least imply the necessity of including aesthetic issues. Furthermore, the four fields of analysis – when somebody 1) bears responsibility, 2) takes responsibility, 3) is held responsible, and 4) acts responsibly – should not be perceived as isolated from one another. The link between them is man, who appears as a person in certain situations, while in others, his personal status is unrevealed, although it still remains within a firm horizon of situations and meanings examined herein. Moreover, regardless of the polarisation of the research fields highlighted by Ingarden, moral context constitutes a permanent space of reference for a human person, who not only asks for the sense (meanings) of responsibility, but also determines his/her personal existence through meanings and with their help.

Authors and Affiliations

Witold P. Glinkowski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź

Analysis and criticism of the notion of subordination between objects as understood by Roman Ingarden

Jacek Jadacki

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 147-159 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135067

Keywords dependence derivativeness heteronomy R. Ingarden non-self‑reliance ontic subordination

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Abstract

In the paper, I analyze four types of ontic subordination, which constitute key elements of Ingardenian ontology: heteronomy, derivativeness, non-self‑reliance and dependency. This analysis leads to the conclusion that the concepts constructed by Ingarden are either logically incorrect, or are not sufficiently explained, or refer not to ontic but to semantic relations.

Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Jadacki

1

prof. em., Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Filozofii, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 3, 00-927 Warszawa

Topicality of the 'Controversy over the Existence of the World' in the light of then‑contemporary philosophical standpoints

Andrzej Lisak

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 191-204 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135070

Keywords consciousness E. Husserl idealism R. Ingarden phenomenology transcendental philosophy realism

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Abstract

The article argues that, paradoxically, Roman Ingarden is unable to demonstrate that the world „exists” in any essential sense of the word „existence”, since he assumes (in line with Edmund Husserl) an ego-centered, living-through model of pure consciousness, and thus, again following Husserl, he postulates as the starting point of his considerations the existence of two separate realms of individual objects: the realm of pure consciousness (understood in a Husserlian manner as a stream of experiences) and the realm of objective world. Consciousness is grasped as a set of acts, not contents. However, consciousness (as pointed out in neo-Kantianism by Paul Natorp and in phenomenology by Jean-Paul Sartre) is something primary, in which only later on the world and the real existing subject can be constituted as such; hence consciousness cannot be equated with any subject whatsoever. Consciousness does not constitute anything but is a position from which we can see the constitution itself. Thus conceptualized consciousness does not contain the lived experience of the world but stands closely to the being itself. The fact that we have the living-through experience of the world is only secondarily conjectured by the subject already constituted in the primary consciousness. The failure of Ingarden’s project is caused by his Cartesian assumption regarding the primacy of the empirical conscious subject (a view shared with Husserl), his co-opting of the British- -empiricist model of epistemology, namely the distinction between the ‘sense data’ and ‘intentional grasping of the sensuous data’, in conjunction with something what Hermann Schmitz has called ‘metaphysics of the solid object’. In the aftermath of these considerations those aspects in Ingarden’s philosophy which truly lead toward realism are revealed.

Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Lisak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Politechnika Gdańska, Wydział Zarządzania i Ekonomii, ul. G. Narutowicza11–12, 80-233 Gdańsk

Roman Ingarden on analytic philosophy

Tadeusz Szubka

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 123-129 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135065

Keywords analytic philosophy R. Ingarden Lvov‑Warsaw School neopositivism H. Skolimowski

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Abstract

In the extensive oeuvre of the eminent Polish phenomenologist Roman Ingarden there are very few passages and hints which would enable one to determine his attitude towards analytic philosophy and its achievements. A brief sketch of an assessment of this philosophical movement is included in a letter to Henryk Skolimowski, which contains Ingarden’s response to a succinct account of his philosophy in Skolimowski’s book Polish Analytical Philosophy (1967). Ingarden emphasizes there that it is completely inaccurate to describe his contribution to philosophy as a fusion of German phenomenology and the so‑called Polish analytic philosophy. According to Ingarden he did learn nothing from analytic philosophy in its Polish version. His attitude towards analytic philosophy in its entirety is critical and hostile, since it has a general tendency to move all substantial issues on the linguistic level, and that pernicious tendency has led to a terrible impoverishment of philosophy.

Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Szubka

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Szczeciński, Instytut Filozofii i Kognitywistyki, ul. Krakowska 71-79, 71-017 Szczecin

Roman Ingarden on intentionality and meaning

Arkadiusz Chrudzimski

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 339-355 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135078

Keywords E. Husserl R. Ingarden intentionality meaning ontology H. Putnam

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Abstract

In this paper Roman Ingarden’s theory of meaning is presented. It turns out to be an interesting mixture of mentalist and anti-mentalist intuitions. Mentalists, like e.g. Edmund Husserl, claim that linguistic meaning has its source in the fact that our words express our mental states, while anti‑mentalists try to situate meanings outside our minds.

Authors and Affiliations

Arkadiusz Chrudzimski

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Grodzka 52, 31-044 Kraków

Man as a being overcoming himself according to Roman Ingarden and Henryk Elzenberg

Antoni Płoszczyniec

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 571-585 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135092

Keywords creativity dualism H. Elzenberg human nature humanity R. Ingarden overcoming philosophical anthropology self‑overcoming spirit

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Abstract

The aim of this article is to identify and analyze similarities in philosophical anthropology of two major Polish philosophers, Roman Ingarden and Henryk Elzenberg, with particular emphasis placed on their image of a human individual as a self- ‑overcoming being. A reconstructive method has been used here. Although reciprocal references between Ingarden and Elzenberg were not numerous, their concepts of human nature are very similar. According to both philosophers, man is essentially different from animals, but participates largely in what animals do as well. What is specific to man is determined by the spiritual element that transcends the physical world. Through spirit, man can overcome the biological part of him/ herself, and tries to overcome his/her condition, because in this way only can humanity reach out and create a world of culture. At the end of text, the most important differences between the discussed concepts of man are discussed.

Authors and Affiliations

Antoni Płoszczyniec

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny im. Komisji Edukacji Narodowej w Krakowie, Instytut Filozofii i Socjologii, ul. Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków

Realism and idealism in the light of Roman Ingarden’s "Controversy over the Existence of the World"

Stanisław Judycki

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 179-190 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135069

Keywords constitutive a priori E. Husserl idealism immanence of consciousness R. Ingarden realism skeptical hypotheses

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Abstract

The subject of the article is the assessment of the way of presentation of the issue of realism and idealism in the Controversy over the Existence of the World by R. Ingarden. First, the author of this paper offers his own systematization of the issue of ‘realism – idealism’, then he goes on to show Ingarden’s position. The modern opposition ‘realism – idealism’ can be divided into three main areas: (1) the problem of the existence of the so‑called ‘constitutive a priori’, (2) the problem of the argumentative transgression of the immanence of consciousness (the so‑called ‘bridge problem’), (3) the problem of the causal genesis of the image of the world at the disposal of human cognitive subjects (skeptical hypotheses). The author undertakes to show that the Controversy over the Existence of the World takes as a starting point only a specific interpretation of the issue of realism and idealism: the interpretation contained in the writings of E. Husserl, while omitting the fundamental issue of the nature of time and space, and is limited thereby to the interpretation of realism and idealism from the point of view of the question of the existence qualified as constitutive a priori.

Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Judycki

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Gdański, Instytut Filozofii, Socjologii i Dziennikarstwa, ul. J. Bażyńskiego 4, 80-309 Gdańsk

Leopold Blaustein as a critic and follower of Roman Ingarden’s philosophy

Witold Płotka

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 131-145 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135066

Keywords aesthetic experience aesthetic object L. Blaustein content theory descriptive psychology eidetics R. Ingarden phenomenology

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Abstract

The article explores the influences and reinterpretations of Roman Ingarden’s philosophy that can be found in Leopold Blaustein’s work. The latter studied in Lvov under Ingarden and established a long‑life philosophical dialogue with his mentor. There is a common agreement in comparative literature on the two authors which claims that Blaustein was influenced by Ingarden mainly in the field of aesthetics. This author supports a different proposition that these influences were much wider and encompassed methodology and theory of consciousness as well. The article is divided into three main parts. First, Blaustein’s critique of eidetic methods in phenomenology is reconstructed. In this context, it is claimed that Blaustein’s arguments aim at Ingarden’s concept of phenomenology rather than at Husserl’s. Yet, even if Blaustein tended to understand phenomenology as descriptive psychology, and Ingarden – as eidetic analysis, they both seemed to agree that phenomenology consisted in rigorous description of the ways of how the objects are given in experience. Secondly, Blaustein’s argument against Husserl’s theory of consciousness is reconstructed. The author claims that the argument is based on Ingarden’s differentiation between ‘living through’ and ‘experiencing’ sense data. Finally, the author examines some points that connect or divide both aesthetical theories.

Authors and Affiliations

Witold Płotka

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Wóycickiego 1/3, 01-938 Warszawa

The cognition of other minds according to Roman Ingarden. Critical analysis

Andrzej Stępnik

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 301-318 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135076

Keywords cognition of other people’s mental states epistemology R. Ingarden other minds theory of mind

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Abstract

The article is a critical analysis of Ingarden’s theory of how we learn about other people’s mental states. The author discusses arguments that have been offered by Ingarden against competing theories and highlights their shortcomings. Next, he presents Ingarden’s original theory, underlining its strengths and weaknesses. He shows that Ingarden’s theory, apart from giving an insight into the mechanisms underlying the cognition of other people’s mental states, has a limited explanatory power even if treated as a phenomenological description of a select class of cognitive situations.

Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Stępnik

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warszawska Szkoła Reklamy, ul. S. Szolc-Rogozińskiego 3, 02-777 Warszawa

Realism in the philosophy of mathematics: Gödel and Ingarden

Bartłomiej Skowron Krzysztof Wójtowicz

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 223-248 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135072

Keywords eidetic intuition K. Gödel ideal qualities ideas R. Ingarden mathematical intuition

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Abstract

The problem of the existence of mathematical entities is the subject of lively discussions. Realists defend the independence and autonomy of mathematical objects, while antirealists point to their dependence and conventionality. The problem of the existence of mathematical objects is also strongly linked to the problem of mathematical cognition: do we recognize mathematical truths in special acts of intuition, as some realists claim, or do we create mathematical knowledge only by building appropriate formal systems – as some anti‑realists imagine? In this article we present the K. Gödel’s and W.V. Quine’s realistic stances and comment on them from the perspective of Roman Ingarden’s phenomenology. We point out the role that Gödel attributed to his mathematical intuition, and then we present the process of eidetic intuition in Ingarden’s perspective (indicating Gödel’s and Ingarden’s common points of view). We also argue that Ingarden’s rich ontology could contribute in a significant way to the debates currently taking place in the mainstream philosophy of mathematics.

Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Skowron

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

Krzysztof Wójtowicz

2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Administracji i Nauk Społecznych, Pl. Politechniki 1, 00-661 Warszawa
Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Filozofii, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 3, 00-927 Warszawa

Ralph Waldo Emerson on the esthetic roots of the moral status of nature

Magdalena Kiełkowicz-Werner

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 1 | 193-209 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.132978

Keywords environmental ethics subject of moral worth R.W. Emerson R. Ingarden esthetic experience

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Abstract

Environmental ethics draws on the belief that nature is an object of moral worth; i.e. that we have certain moral duties with respect to the natural environment. This article is intended as a defense of this belief. According to the proposal I set forth here, targeting nature as an object of moral worth is grounded on a specific esthetic experience. This conception is based, on the one hand, on Ralph Waldo Emerson’s ideas; on the other hand – it makes use of Roman Ingarden’s concept of esthetic experience.

Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Kiełkowicz-Werner

Roman Ingarden and metaphilosophical discussions

Ryszard Kleszcz

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 103-122 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135064

Keywords F. Brentano R. Ingarden T. Kotarbiński logical positivism Lvov-Warsaw School metaphilosophy methods of philosophy philosophy and science philosophy and worldview Vienna Circle

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Abstract

Roman Ingarden was an eminent philosopher who worked in various fields of philosophy, especially in the areas of ontology, aesthetics and ethics. In addition to his systematic analyses, we find in his work remarkable statements regarding the nature of philosophy, its relation to science, or the specificity of its methods. These metaphilosophical remarks were formulated in systematic works as well as in texts of more disputable nature. In this paper Ingarden’s metaphilosophy is presented in the context of thought of Franz Brentano and Tadeusz Kotarbiński. It is also discussed against the background of metaphilosophical assumptions of the logical positivists from the Vienna Circle.

Authors and Affiliations

Ryszard Kleszcz

1

e-mail: ryszard.kleszcz@uni.lodz.pl

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Łódzki, Instytut Filozofii, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź

The allure of Plato. An examination of Roman Ingarden’s ontology

Adam Nowaczyk

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2020 | No 4 | 75-90 | DOI: 10.24425/pfns.2020.135062

Keywords concretization idea individual R. Ingarden ontology quality realism

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Abstract

The author examines ontological premises adopted in the Controversy over the Existence of the World by Roman Ingarden. He points out that these premises have been informed by mereological insights. This reading of Ingarden is substantiated by the postulate that ‘pure qualities’ are components of ‘ideas’ and constitute their proper parts. This is the reason why they cannot be attributed to individuals as their properties. The role of properties is consequently filled in by ‘concretizations’, proposed as a new category of existence. This author claims however that ‘concretizations’ can be easily dispensed with by reinterpreting ideas in the distributive mode. Assuming this new rendition, one makes it possible to interpret ‘pure qualities’ as properties of possible individuals, which results in a comfortable simplification of Ingarden’s ontology.

Authors and Affiliations

Adam Nowaczyk

Wokół Ingardenowskiej jakości postaciowej

Beata Garlej

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria | 2016 | No 2 | 91-102

Keywords R. Ingarden estetyka jakość metafizyczna jakość postaciowa warstwa brzmieniowa dzieł literackich instrumentacja głoskowa wartość estetyczna metafizyczność literatury

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Abstract

Artykuł dotyczy kategorii jakości postaciowej (Gestalt) w estetyce Romana Ingardena. W części pierwszej zostały przywołane stanowiska filozofów i estetyków wysuwających własne, na ogół fragmentaryczne, interpretacje tego pojęcia. W części drugiej rozpatrzono określony wariant rozumienia jakości postaciowej – literacką jakość postaciową, realizującą nadto podtyp brzmieniowy. Rozważany literacki wariant jakości postaciowej można do pewnego stopnia utożsamić – w wypadku dzieł sztuki najwyższej rangi – z jakością metafizyczną.

Authors and Affiliations

Beata Garlej

1

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