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Kancelaria na dworze księcia szczecińskiego Jana Fryderyka, personel i funkcjonowanie. Zarys problematyki

Monika Ogiewa-Sejnota
Studia Maritima | 2014 | vol. XXVII/2
Keywords Pomerania John Frederick court
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Abstract

In the reign of John Frederick, Duke of Pomerania (1569–1600) one of the most important central clerks was the chancellor who had not only a high position in the hierarchy of the court but also was in charge to control the court’s chancery – a very important place at a court where the inner and foreign policy was focused in, where documentation for different affairs was created, where income and outgoings registers were managed and till 1575 – where judicial decisions were elaborated. The article describes shortly the principles of the chancery operations, the duties of the chancery clerks and the obligatory circulation of documents. The analysis of the court ordinations allowed only a detailed recognition of the chancellor’s and scribes’ tasks and a short presentation of settled chancery matters. A more complex description of the function of the Szczecin’s court chancery shall base on long-lasting and laborious source investigations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Ogiewa-Sejnota

Höhepunkt der Kampfzeit – Die Pommersche NSDAP zwischen Auflösung und Machtergreifung

Jan Mittenzwei
Studia Maritima | 2014 | vol. XXVII/2
Keywords Nazi Party Pomerania Sturmabteilung Karpenstein
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Abstract

The article concerns the role of violence while takeover of the National Socialists in Pomerania. Another aim is the explanation of the influence of state control surveillance measures on the strategic organization of the party’s inner life. Mittenzwei states that the NSDAP-history in Pomerania was dominated by many internal conflicts. These conflicts not only raise to question about action potential of the regional party authorities but also influenced the abilities of the whole party. Even if the Stennes’ revolt did not cause a sustainable division in the party and even if the state control surveillance ended up with no party prohibition, the circumstances reflected the influence on the party organization. In spite of the feared party prohibition the NSDAP-Gauleitung in Pomerania regarded itself being incapable of backing away from the violent takeover course. The Gauleiter Wilhelm Karpenstein saw in view of the inner conflicts in the party and revolting SA formations the only option: he put himself against the directives of the NSDAP-Reichsleitung at the head of the group which demanded a violent takeover and called for violence repeatedly. Finally, this strategy allowed the takeover in the countrified Pomerania but it caused also the end of Wilhelm Karpenstein as the Pomeranian Gauleiter. This end took place with the imprisonment of the Pomeranian SA-leader within so called Röhm revolt. This was also the reason after the Karpenstein’s dismissal to replace the Gau’s elite with Schwede-Coburg who surrounded himself with familiar faces from his times in Coburg.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Mittenzwei

Between unification and particularism: Pomerania and independence

Tomasz Krzemiński
Historyka Studia Metodologiczne | 2022 | tom 52 | 91-106 | DOI: 10.24425/hsm.2022.142719
Keywords Pomerania 1918 postimperial transformation post–WW1 period
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Abstract

The Vistula Pomeranian (the former Prussian province of West Prussia) remained the longest dependent part of the partitioning power of Poland, which was reborn after 1918. In the second half of the nineteenth century, the Polish population of these lands, whose original ethnic component was Kashubians, strengthened their national awareness under the influence of modernisation processes. As in the entire Prussian partition, the dominant factor here was the idea of national solidarity built around an attachment to Catholicism. The defeat of Germany in World War I was associated by the local Poles with the incorporation of Pomeranian lands into the borders of the Polish Republic. The decisions of the Paris Conference of 1919 were awaited with hope and enthusiasm. Independence, however, brought disappointment caused by the economic crisis, as well as the inability of the central authorities to deal with the native population. Against this background, there were conflicts and misunderstandings throughout the entire interwar period. After 1920, the slogans of regional particularism gained popularity among the indigenous Pomeranian population. However, the German threat of the yoke forced local political and social activists to respond to the idea of unification of Pomeranian lands with the rest of the country, pushed by the central authorities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Krzemiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń

Ancient woodland indicator plant species in the parks and gardens of the Pomeranian Cistercian Trail

Zbigniew Sobisz Marcin Kubus Ewa Szmyt Krzysztof Strzalkowski
Studia Quaternaria | 2021 | vol. 38 | No 2 | 133-141 | DOI: 10.24425/sq.2021.136830
Keywords Cistercians ancient woodland indicator species parks and gardens Pomerania
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Abstract

The research aimed to make an inventory of the vascular flora of 11 parks and gardens of the Pomeranian Cistercian Trail, with particular emphasis on taxa attached to old deciduous forests. A total of 62 species were registered, recognised as indicators of old deciduous forests in Poland. The presence of species of this group was confirmed in all of the analysed objects, but their number varied from 7 to 50. The group of ancient woodland species includes forest species for which the light indicator values are lower than or equal to 4 (plants of shadowy places, with a relative light intensity). The group of indicator species also includes forest geophytes and forest myrmecochores, autochores and barochores, as well as woodland species that can tolerate stress, under the classification of ecological strategy types S, S/CSR, S/SC and S/SR.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Sobisz
1
Marcin Kubus
2
Ewa Szmyt
3
Krzysztof Strzalkowski
3
  1. Department of Botany and Nature Protection, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University, Arciszewski Str., 22A, 76-200 Słupsk
  2. Laboratory of Dendrology and Landscaping of Green Areas, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieża PawłaVI 3 Str., 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
  3. Scientific Circle of Botanists, Institute of Biology and Earth Sciences, Pomeranian University, Arciszewski Str., 22A,76-200 Słupsk, Poland

The assessment of smart specialization emergence process. The study of coastal regions in Poland

Jacek Sołtys Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska
Studia Regionalia | 2016 | vol. 46 | 41-58
Keywords coastal regions Pomerania regional knowledge-based development smart specialization West Pomerania
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Abstract

The policy set by the European Commission for Programming Period 2014–2020 introduced new instruments supporting regional development but also posed new requirements that must be met by European regions. One of them is smart specialization. To implement Strategy for Europe 2020, published by the European Commission in 2010, EU Member States and their regions develop strategies for smart specialization that show directions for providing support to the strengthening of research, development and innovation. Smart specialization is an important instrument for strengthening of competitiveness as well as for defining and building the knowledge-based economy. This article presents analysis of processes responsible for identifying smart specialization in Pomeranian and West Pomeranian Regions (in Polish: Voivodeships). This analysis is a continuation and extension of the research on the process of emergence of smart specialization in Pomeranian Region by the inclusion of the West Pomeranian Region into this study. Both Regions are situated on the southern coast of the Baltic Sea and are seats of main Polish harbours and shipyards. Their regional capitals Gdańsk and Szczecin are the cores of emerging metropolitan areas. The aims of the article are: (1) assessment of methods of smart specialization emergence and selection; (2) analysis of differences and similarities of areas of smart specialization of two coastal regions. In Pomeranian region the process of emergence of smart specialization was a bottom-up one where the Regional Government organized the competition and invited actors to build partnerships. In other regions of Poland it was more of a top-down process, but with participation of stakeholders. The West Pomeranian Region is an example of this approach. Methods of the research applied for this study include: analysis of literature, documents from Voivodeship Marshal Offices, individual interviews, participation in the process of emerging of smart specialization in Pomeranian Voivodeship and comparative analysis of the methods of their emergence in both regions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Sołtys
Dorota Kamrowska-Załuska

Teresa Ferenc and Zbigniew Jankowski’s archives in the collection of the Gdansk Library

Sabina Drożdziecka
Libri Gedanenses | 2018 | vol. 35 | 209-231
Keywords Teresa Ferenc (1934) Zbigniew Jankowski (1931) Polish poets of the 20th century Gdansk Library Pomerania – literature
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Abstract

Since 1987, the poets Teresa Ferenc and Zbigniew Jankowski have been gradually donating their substantial archives containing personal documents, diplomas and honourable mentions, photographs, hand-written versions of their published works, notes with ideas concerning changes to their works, correspondence, and press cuttings from the period between the 1940s until the beginning of the 21st century, to the collections of the Gdansk PAN Library. At the moment, the Manuscripts Workshop keeps about 600 manuscript accession units; the most recent materials date to 2016.
The extensive correspondence of both poets may become a source material for research into the history of Polish literature in Pomerania in the second half of the 20th century. It makes up one of the most sizeable epistolary materials in the letter collections kept by the Library. Among the correspondents of the Sopot poets there are names who have found a perpetual place in the canon of Polish literature, such as Anna Kamieńska, Tadeusz Różewicz, Wisława Szymborska and Fr. Jan Twardowski.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sabina Drożdziecka
1
  1. PAN Biblioteka Gdańska, Dział Zbiorów Specjalnych, Pracownia Rękopisów

Die Trauerkleidung als umstrittenes Statussymbol in Schwedisch-Pommern. Das Beispiel der Pleureusen im 18. Jahrhundert

Matthias Müller
Studia Maritima | 2014 | vol. XXVII/2
Keywords mourning law national mourning Swedish Pomerania Enlightment lacycuffs distinction mark class society
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Abstract

The article concerns a case study in the times of Enlightment. In that time the traditional class system has been questioned. The aim of the article was the description of a polemic between Bützow, a court clerk from Greifswald and the Swedish government in Stralsund in 1782 and its historical context. The dispute concerned the question, whether during the national mourning the clerks might put on the relatively cheap lacy cuffs at mourners’ sleeves. The main source for the analysis were files with the number 252 from the state archives in Greifswald. In the Swedish Pomerania, similar to many other places in Europe, and also on the empire’s territory the lacy cuffs were an attribute of nobility and of chosen court officials. The general governor of the Swedish Pomerania guaranteed in 1751 with an issued law the nobility the right to put them on as a symbol of mourning without specification, if the officials also be entitled to wear them. He created therefore an interpretation gap which Bützow tried to use for his aims. The fact that Bützow did not succeed and even had to apologize for his behaviour proves the stability of the traditional class system in the Swedish Pomerania at the end of the 18th century.
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Authors and Affiliations

Matthias Müller

Między Szczecinem a Gryfią - główne wątki historiograficznej współpracy polsko-niemieckiej w drugiej połowie XX wieku

Tomasz Ślepowroński
Studia Maritima | 2014 | vol. XXVII/2
Keywords history of historiography German-Polish and Polish-German relationships history of West Pomerania
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Abstract

The cooperation of the Polish and German historians from Greifswald and Szczecin was developed in the second half of the 20th century in different periods: in the times of German Democratic Republic and Polish People’s Republic and also after 1990, as the two states mentioned no more existed or rather when the social-political system in these states ceased to be. Idependently of the caesura 1990 the contacts of Polish and German historians still remained in the shadow of experiences of the 2nd W W a nd i ts e ffects. In the first phase the cooperation can be judged partially positive, in spite of its burden with a big political involvement and ideological servitutes, as the first move against the prevalent hostility between both nations till the middle of the 20th century. These contacts were not fully frank and spontaneous and inspired (especially on the East German side) through party and state factors which caused them being not very original. The both parties possessed a list of issues not to be discussed which allowed to minimize the possibility of starting a historiographic dispute. In the times of open wounds this procedure might be evaluated being positive. The output of this cooperation period seems to be rather limited and sometimes even embarrassing. This can be understood as the necessary way for both parties to achieve the access to archives or to get trust of authorities for realization other fields of research. After 1990, as the political and ideological restrictions no more existed, the mutual German-Polish investigations of the Pomeranian past could experience their development in full bloom, which can be estimated upon a rich amount of publications. In that time, one was not able to create a durable base for the cooperation which could allow the new generation of Pomerania researchers to abandon looking for new ways of communication and seldom used paths of mutual contacts.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Ślepowroński

Kołobrzeg nad Bałtykiem. Obraz miasta nadmorskiego na Ziemiach Odzyskanych po zakończeniu drugiej wojny światowej

Jakub Suchy
Studia Maritima | 2014 | vol. XXVII/2
Keywords West Pomerania 1945 colonization in the pioneer’s period Kolberg 1945 local communities
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Abstract

The Baltic Sea has always played a vital part in the history of Poland. In the light of the resolutions of the Yalta Conference, Poland’s boarders were shifted, including Western Pomerania in its territory. In 1945 Kołobrzeg was the most severely destroyed city on that territory. The city was either already ablaze or set on fire by German gangs active at that time. All its pre-war functions were non-existent. The harbour was immobilized, the economic basis fell apart. The city was devoided of water, power and food delivery was problematic. The newly-arrived Polish settlers perceived Kołobrzeg as a tragic and overwhelming image of a “dead city”. The area was dominated by debris, the stench of decomposing bodies of German soldiers and looters arriving from central Poland. The Wehrwolf pursued sabotages and the most terrifying Red Army committed crime and rapes. In the light of the population records and files of the Registry Office the inflow of people was rather slow during the first months, only to increase the pace in the following years. Many of them believed they would find employment rebuilding the city or in the harbour. The settlers had long been insecure about the temporary character of Poland in Western Pomerania and on the Baltic coast.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Suchy

Neural Networks Application in Estimation of Fallow Deers Fluorine Poisoning Process

Zygmunt Machey Violetta Dziedziejko Jerzy Straszko
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2002 | vol. 28 | No 1 | 55-69
Keywords fluorine accumulation in bones fallow deers population Western Pomerania neural networks
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Abstract

Research results of fluorine accumulation in fallow deers bones in Western Pomerania were presented. Fluorine contents denotation was made by potentiometer method with ioneselective elektrode use. Dependence of fluorine accumulation on age and individual features of animals, regions properties of investigated area and distances from emission sources of fluorine compounds were examined. Dependences characteristic for probabilistic variables were obtained. For measurements results description were used neural networks MLP, RBP, GRNN.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zygmunt Machey
Violetta Dziedziejko
Jerzy Straszko

“Economy and science have long since been inseparable partners” – The Oder-Danube Institute and Professor Peter-Heinz Seraphim (Greifswald) in the Nazi Germany period

Klemens Grube
Studia Maritima | 2014 | vol. XXVII/2
Keywords Province of Upper Silesia Institute Oder-Danube Danube-Oder Canal Peter-Heinz Seraphim Pomerania SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt Szczecin University of Greifswald
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Abstract

In December 1939 the Deputy Führer Rudolf Hess performed the ground-breaking ceremony for the Oder-Danube Canal, with Austria, Poland and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia already under German control,. Besides connecting the Oder and the Danube, resulting in a nonstop waterway from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea, spatial planning authorities, he saw the canal as a fundamental addition for the ‘second Ruhr valley in the East’ (Upper Silesia). The outcome of this connection would have been a widely expanded trade between northern and southern Europe. The trade might become then faster and cheaper, a wide array of strategic materials like coal, ore, petroleum and petrol would have been accessible for industry and armed forces. Due to the war progress the work on the canal had to be discontinued in 1940. One of the profiteers of the canal should have been the seaport in Szczecin, located at the intersection of the Oder and the Baltic Sea. Therefore a think tank called the ‘Oder-Donau-Institut’ has been found to deliver scientific arguments reinstating the work on the canal under the lead management of the economic chamber of Pomerania (Szczecin) in close contact with the University of Greifswald. The director of the institute was Heinz Seraphim, professor for political economy at the University of Greifswald. Under his leadership, the well-financed institute started to work not only for the economic interests of the economic chamber but also for the SS-Reichssicherheitshauptamt.
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Authors and Affiliations

Klemens Grube

„A ty zostaniesz ze mną. Zgodziłam się...” – codzienność związków polsko-niemieckich w latach 1945–1950 na Pomorzu Zachodnim

Aneta Popławska
Studia Maritima | 2014 | vol. XXVII/2
Keywords Polish-German informal relationships Western Pomerania 1945–1950 the formation of the relationships relations with the public relations with the authorities
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Abstract

Mixed couples, as one of the determinants of breaking distance of historical, cultural, psychological and social nature, trespass the fundamental principles that separate a group from the “Other”. This otherness makes the couples of this type evoke social attitudes of integration or isolation. A relationship is seen as mixed when the difference between the partners is considered significant by them or by the local community. When one speaks about everyday life of Polish-German couples living at the new north-western border of Poland after 1945, an important factor in their formation, i.e. the historical events of World War II and the sense of temporariness until the western Polish border was settled in 1950, cannot be overlooked. After 1945 mixed couples were an important part of the image of the border area, also integrating the Polish community with the remaining Germans. They formed the part of the first generation of such couples, which encompasses the years 1945–1971, the opening of the border with East Germany in 1972 gave rise to the second generation, which lasted until 1989, while accession of Poland to the European Union marks the end of the third generation. In our text we shall only focus on three aspects of everyday life, i.e. the formation of the German-Polish relationships, negative contacts with the surrounding environment and problems with authorities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aneta Popławska

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