The long-ranging Early to Middle Triassic coniform conodont form-genus Cornudina Hirschmann occurs

abundantly in the Anisian of NW Turkey, Northern Tethys. Although suggested to represent the P1 element

of an apparatus of the Order Ozarkodinida Dzik, questions concerning the apparatus of Cornudina remain.

A description of the probable phylogenetic trends in the P1 elements of Cornudina is attempted and the role

of the form-genera Ketinella Gedik and Kamuellerella Gedik, as the alternative ramiform skeletal elements in

the Cornudina multi-element apparatus, is investigated. The newly described, Gedikella quadrata gen. nov.,

sp. nov., is an S element, Kamuellerella rectangularis sp. nov., is either an S3 or an S4 element, and Ketinella

goermueshi sp. nov., is an M element.

The following work presents the idea of constructing a digitally controlled active piezoceramic transducer matrix for ultrasonic projection imaging of biological media in a similar way as in case of roentgenography (RTG). Multielement ultrasonic probes in the form of flat matrices of elementary piezoceramic transducers require attaching a large number of electrodes in order to activate the individual transducers. This paper presents the idea of minimising the number of transducer connections in an active row-column matrix system. This idea was verified by designing a model of a matrix consisting of 16 ultrasonic transducers with electrode attachments optimised by means of electronic switches in rows and columns and miniature transistor switches in the nodes of the matrix allowing to activate selected transducers. The results of measurements and simulations of parameters of the designed matrix show that it is suitable to be used in projection imaging of biological media as a sending probe. In to use the matrix as a universal sending or receiving probe, it was suggested to add further switches that would eliminate the undesired effect of crosstalks in case of switches used for toggling the transducers in the nodes of the matrix.

The following paper presents an idea of minimising the number of connections of individual piezoelectric transducers in a row-column multielement passive matrix system used for imaging of biological media structure by means of ultrasonic projection. It allows to achieve significant directivity with acceptable input impedance decrease. This concept was verified by designing a model of a passive ultrasonic matrix consisting of 16 elementary piezoceramic transducers, with electrode attachments optimised by means of electronic switches in rows and columns. Distributions of acoustic field generated by the constructed matrix model in water and results of the calculations conformed well.