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Abstrakt

This paper is an attempt to devise a conceptual paradigm for the semantic relations in the meaning of words in various Slavonic languages and in some of their dialects. The source material are the data contained in The Etymological Dictionary of the Slavonic Languages. The Pre‐Slavonic Lexical Source – 20<sup>th</sup> edition by O.N. Trubachov, Moscow: Nauka, 1994. These data are the starting point to present the two basic features in the form of the meaning dyad of the common root mьrz‐ > * morz‐. The first element of this dyad assumes the meaning of ‘cold, cool, frost’ as the outer conditions of its weather, nature character (the A feature) while the second element assumes the disgust, rejection as the relation (the B feature). Both these features and their mutual relations are described here with regard to the division of their levels and sublevels of meaning as well as with regard to the various shades of these meanings in creating a system. This system is the base of the nomination correlation presented in the paper. Gradually the signs arise, and they take part in the creation of the projections mentioned in the paper’s title. These signs refer to subject, object, object‐person, object‐thing, space, action, feature‐properties (attributive), features‐quality (characteristics) observed outside and felt inside.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Czerwiński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach

Abstrakt

Associate Professor Robert Balas of the PAS Institute of Psychology talks about how the traditional patterns of human behavior are breaking down, causing growing frustration.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Robert Balas
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. PAS Institute of Psychology

Abstrakt

One of the main traits of a society of reflexive modernity is the critical analysis of categories that in the past appeared unquestionable. Socio-cultural gender and health or illness/mental disorders are categories of this type. Above all, they are socially constructed, that is, they are dependent on culture and on political, economic, and religious factors. The author undertakes to analyse the relations between the diagnostic criteria used in the international system of classifying mental diseases (DSM-IV and ICD-10) and traditional schemas of masculinity and femininity. Confirmation of the incidence of particular diseases in connection with gender is the author’s entry point for seeking answers to why individuals suffering from certain illnesses/mental disorders display behaviour corresponding to traditional gender roles, even though contemporary gender roles are fluid in many respects, and hypotheses about biological differences as causes of incidence of disease in men and women have not been empirically confirmed.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Monika Frąckowiak-Sochańska
ORCID: ORCID

Abstrakt

Landscape is an object of perception, while its image is the sum of ideas on this object. Both terms used in the title of the paper have fairly strong impact on each other. In order to manage the city’s image well, it is necessary to take care of the landscape in all its areas especially in the “forgotten” and degraded ones. The aim of the author was to identify elements of landscape exposure along railway lines – areas with low aesthetic value in many cities around the world. The research area includes railway lines, in Cracow and Wrocław. The method adopted for the implementation of the study is the analysis of mental maps made in 2018 during field workshops. The paper is ended by conclusions on the landscape impact on the image of the city.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Węgrzynowicz

Abstrakt

Understanding and measuring mental well-being among adolescents has recently become a priority. The validity and reliability study of the 7-item short version of the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (SWEMWBS) has not been examined in Turkish adolescents. Therefore, this study aims to adapt the 7-item Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale to Turkish and examine the relationships between loneliness, emotional flexibility, resilience, and mental well-being. The data were collected by convenience sampling method from 820 adolescents aged 14-18 from 73 city of Turkey. During the adaptation process of SWEMWBS, confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and reliability analysis were performed. The findings confirmed the one dimensionality of the 7-item scale on the Turkish adolescent sample. In addition, a significant positive relationship was found between mental well-being and emotional flexibility and resilience. However, there was a significant negative correlation between mental well-being and loneliness. The results showed that the Turkish version of SWEMWBS had strong psychometric properties in adolescents.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yakup İme
1

  1. Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya-Turkey, Turkey

Abstrakt

A famous Russian folk song, proverbs and sayings about a mother‑in‑law and son‑in‑law are the key elements of the analysis of the relations between a son‑in‑law (a younger member of the male family) and a mother‑in‑law (an older member of the female family). This analysis is also based on the etymological data and the author tries to answer the question: what is the hidden relation between the two families the members of whom are married? Many papers have been written on that matter. This article describes this relation as a gradual process of building the indirect connection between the mother‑in‑law and son‑in‑law. This is a symmetric/asymmetric relations which only seems to be mutually linked and tied. The emerged and shaped relation attitude direction – from mother‑in‑law to son‑in‑law – is presented here as the act of attracting and repelling. By means of fulfilment and satisfaction it implies the necessity of the adaption but not subordination as well as the hidden favour of the unlimited reproductive power. On the other hand i.e. the direction from the son‑in‑law to mother‑in‑law, the attitude is completely different which means the partial rivalry and repelling attraction. The daughter (from the mother‑in‑law side) and the fiancée/wife (from the son‑in‑law side) is completely out of these relations.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Czerwiński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach

Abstrakt

W artykule podjęta zostaje problematyka mentalizacji, czyli zdolności do przypisy-wania stanów mentalnych sobie i innym. Autorka koncentruje się na kwestii różnorodności stanów mentalnych, które brane są pod uwagę w teoriach mentalizacji. W tym celu przywołuje główne podejścia opisujące to zjawisko oraz typy uwzględnianych w nich stanów mentalnych. Przedstawia zasadność przyjmowania szerokiej gamy zjawisk mentalnych, jednocześnie wskazując na trudności omawianych podejść teoretycznych. Artykuł zamyka wskazanie konsekwencji obecnego stanu teorii mentalizacji z perspektywy uwzględnianych przez te teorie typów stanów mentalnych.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Adrianna Smurzyńska

Abstrakt

Ewolucyjna biologia rozwojowa (evo-devo) zaczyna być popularna wśród psychologów, a przez niektórych jest widziana jako „nowa biologia dla psychologii” (Hofer 2014). W szczególności chodzi o koncepcję rozszerzonej dziedziczności (Extended Inheritance), którą się uważa za (neo-)lamarkowską, i zgodnie z którą dziedziczone jest wszystko to, co przyczynia się do utrzymania podobieństwa na przestrzeni pokoleń i do fitness potomstwa – od genów jądrowych, przez ekspresję genów, matczyną opiekę, aż po niszę ekologiczną, kulturową, językową, etc. W artykule analizuję potencjał koncepcji rozszerzonej dziedziczności, biorąc za przykład międzypokoleniowy przekaz stylu przywiązania i zdolności do mentalizowania. Przedstawiam opis mechanizmu neuroendokrynnego tego przekazu. Pokazuję następnie, że a) zjawisko metylacji DNA jest komplementarne w stosunku do mechanizmu neuroendokrynnego, ale nie rewolucyjne, tak jak to zapowiada; b) pojęcie rozszerzonego dziedziczenia miesza trzy kwestie zasadnie rozdzielone przez neodarwinizm: pochodzenia zmienności, losu zmienności i dziedziczenia; c) choć motywacją evo-devo jest sprzeciw wobec rzekomego determinizmu genetycznego neodarwinizmu, to pojęcie transgeneracyjnego dziedziczenia jest deterministyczne (choć to determinizm epigenetyczny).

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Adrianna Grabizna
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

Background: The phenomenon of accumulating tasks, characteristic of emerging adulthood, intensifies perceived stress and stimulates coping activity. The nature and intensity of the coping strategies used to deal with challenges can affect mental health in emerging adulthood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and mental health in a group of emerging adults- students in higher education.
Methods: The study included 390 emerging adults, students in higher education. Coping strategies were measured with the COPE Questionnaire and information on mental health was called using the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation was used to assess the factor structure of the variables and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.
Results: The data mostly confirmed the hypotheses. Avoidance strategies turned out to be the strongest predictor of mental health, specifically negative mental health outcomes. Problem-focused strategies were a stronger predictor of quality of life than emotion-focused and support-seeking strategies. Emotion-focused strategies did not predict depression. Coping strategies, especially avoidance strategies, play a crucial role in mental health during emerging adulthood.
Conclusions: Learning to cope enables students to deal with difficult tasks and challenges of this period more effectively, and minimizes their risk of depression, and increases their life satisfaction.
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Bibliografia

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Duan, L., Shao, X., Wang, Y., Huang, Y., Miao, J., Yang, X., & Zhu, G. (2020). An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in China during the outbreak of COVID-19. Journal of Affective Disorders, 275, 112–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad .2020.06.029
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Karol Konaszewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Niesiobędzka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Kolemba
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Bialystok, Faculty of Education, Poland
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Abstrakt

The “fake” past tense is a linguistic phenomenon that occurs when the past tense morpheme does not refer to the past time. The paper aims to show the application of mental models in translation and translation teaching in the example of counterfactual constructions that include the past tense without temporal meaning, e.g., “If Sam knew the answer, James would know the answer”. The author illustrates fake past tense cues in different languages and applies concepts from cognitive theories.
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Bibliografia

ALBERDING M. (2004): Counterfactual Conditionals, Mental Spaces, and ESL Pedagogy, “CELE Journal”, 12: 34–52.
ARREGUI A. (2006): On the role of the perfect in would-conditionals, “Proceedings of the 2005 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association”, 1/50: 1–12.
ARREGUI A. (2009): On similarity in counterfactuals, “Linguistics and Philosophy”, 3/32: 245–278.
BJORKMAN B.M., HALPERT C. (2017): In an imperfect world: Deriving the typology of counterfactual marking, in: ARREGUI A., RIVERO M., SALANOVA A. (eds.), Modality Across Syntactic Categories, Oxford University Press, Oxford: 1–22.
BYRNE R.M. (2005): The Rational Imagination: How People Create Alternatives to Reality, MIT Press, Cambridge.
FAUCONNIER G., TURNER M.B. (1998): Conceptual Integration Networks, “Cognitive Science”, 2/ 22: 133–187.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ainur Kakimova
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski

Abstrakt

This paper discusses particular traits of historical thinking, including the role of the historian’s mentality in the perception of history.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Maciej Dymkowski

Abstrakt

The goal of the article is to propose a different approach to – and therefore a new concept of – the history of thinking. Reflecting on the history of philosophy, it suggests a broader understanding of the latter. Yet traditional studies in the history of philosophy are not to be rejected; they need to be reformed, and such a reform could be performed basing on the experiences of the discipline of historiography. Thus conceived, the history of thinking could open us to a different future.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jakub Dadlez

Abstrakt

In recent years, some expressway tunnels have started broadcasting warning sounds, such as fire alarms, to improve driver attention and traffic safety. However, there is few research on it, and in contrast to previous studies, we have considered different evaluation indices and through field measurement to determine the effectiveness of this practice. The characteristics of three warning sound signals, i.e., fire alarm, dynamic music, and voice command, in a tunnel were analyzed usingMATLAB. Considering pupil diameter and blink duration as evaluation indexes, the change in the mental state of the driver after hearing a warning sound was analyzed. Based on Markov chain theory, the change in the gaze region and gaze shift of the driver under the condition of a warning sound was analyzed. Results shows fire alarms and voice commands can increase the mental load of drivers, but the degree of impact was not determined. Dynamic music does not affect the mental load of the driver. The fire alarm and dynamic music attracted the attention of the driver; conversely, as the voice command warns the driver to focus on safety, it did not impact the attention of the driver. The research results provide a scientific reference for the selection of warning sounds in expressway tunnels and new research ideas for the prevention of traffic injuries in expressway tunnels.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yao Xiao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bo Liang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tao Wang
3
ORCID: ORCID
Jiaan Niu
4
ORCID: ORCID
Shiyong He
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Chongqing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Rail Transit (Group) Co., Ltd, Xuefu Avenue 66, Nanan District, Chongqing, China
  2. Chongqing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Xuefu Avenue 66, Nanan District, Chongqing, China
  3. Chongqing Industrial School, Hualongqiong, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
  4. Chongqing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, Xuefu Avenue 66, Nanan District, Chongqing, China

Abstrakt

The new challenges for Polish theology in the beginning of the 21st c. in the context of possession and exorcism include a theological reflection on possession and exorcism in the Bible, in patristic texts as well as in medieval and modern theological literature. Another issue is an elaboration of a new theological anthropology, which should acknowledge the achievements of human sciences like psychology and psychiatry. The existence of the psychic sphere in the human being is to be distinguished while the human spiritual sphere is to be convincingly justified. More precise criteria will be needed in order to distinguish psychic problems from those of a spiritual nature, including possession.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ks. Leszek Misiarczyk

Abstrakt

Created in the distant past, attitudes and patterns of thinking have caused the mentality of contemporary Poles. The collective memory about the greatness delusions of old-time nobilities and the traumas suffered in the annexed territories today infl uence their thinking and behaviours as well national self-evaluation.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Maciej Dymkowski
ORCID: ORCID
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

The well-known Russian door-riddle is the base for an arising of the sense of modelling meaning which is a part of this riddle. The components of these riddles are to describe the ethnocultural senses based upon five foundations. These foundations are reflected in: a) numbers and their mutual relations (from 8 to 1 while guessing), b) the door geometry which is reflected in the riddle, c) the static and dynamic positions at the door ( стоять/stay, лежать/lay, ходить/walk, водить/move etc.), d) the predicates that refer to the door and that are manifested by the door, e) the directions of the movement mapped out by the door and being the result of the predicates. The analysis based on these parameters helps the author to draw conclusions on the conceptological and linguistic-cultural marking of traditional folk texts (the riddle refers to them) and the images bound to these texts. These conclusions also refer to the belle-lettres. These images being parts of these texts are transferred via constant/loose word relations of an evaluative character retained in views and via the contextual background.
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Bibliografia


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Bayburin A.K., Ritual: svoye i chuzhoye, [v:] Folʹklor i etnografiya (Problemy rekonstruktsii faktov traditsionnoy kulʹtury), Leningrad: Nauka 1990.

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Dalʹ V.I., Tolkovyy slovarʹ zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka. V chetyrekh tomakh, Vosproizvedeno s izd. 1955 g., nabrannoye i napechatannoye so vtorogo izdaniya (1880-1882 gg.), Moskva: Russkiy yazyk 2000.

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Etnolingvisticheskiy slovarʹ, v 5 t. Pod obshch. red. N.I. Tolstogo, Moskva: Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya 1999, t. 2: D (Davatʹ) – K (Kroshki).

Fasmer M., Etimologicheskiy slovarʹ russkogo yazyka. V chetyrekh tomakh. Perevod s nem. i dopolneniya O.N. Trubacheva. Izd. vtoroye, stereotipnoye, Moskva: Progress 1986-1987.

Levkiyevskaya E.E., Slavyanskiy obereg. Semantika i struktura, Moskva: Indrik 2002.

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Preobrazhenskiy A.G., Etimologicheskiy slovarʹ russkogo yazyka. V dvukh tomakh, Moskva: Gosudarstvennoye izdatelʹstvo inostrannykh i natsionalʹnykh slovarey 1958 (reprodutsirovano s vypuskov 1910-1914, 1949).

Samokhvalov V.P., Dverʹ, [v:] Ego zhe, Psikhoanaliticheskiy slovarʹ i rabota s simvolami snovideniy i fantaziy, Simferopolʹ: SONAT 1999.

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Sedakova I.A., Tolstaya, S.M., Zagadka v slavyanskom folʹklore, [v:] Slavyanskiye drevnosti: Etnolingvisticheskiy slovarʹ, v 5 t., pod obshch. red. N.I. Tolstogo, Moskva: Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya, 1999, t. 2: D (Davatʹ) – K (Kroshki).

Sedakova O.A., Poetika obryada. Pogrebalʹnaya obryadnostʹ vostochnykh i yuzhnykh slavyan, Moskva: Indrik 2004.

Sibirtseva V.G., Yazykovaya kartina mira v russkoy zagadke. Dissertatsiya na soiskaniye stepeni kandidata filolologicheskikh nauk, Nizhniy Novgorod 2003.

Tsivʹyan T.V., Dom v folʹklornoy modeli mira (Na materiale balkanskikh zagadok), [v:] Semiotika kulʹtury. Trudy po znakovym sistemam, X, Tartu: Izdatelstvo Tartuskogo gosudarstvennоgo universiteta 1978.

Vinogradova L.N., Dverʹ, [v:] Slavyanskaya mifologiya. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovarʹ, Moskva: Mezhdunarodnyye otnosheniya 2002.

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Volotskaya M.S., Golovacheva, A.V., Yazykovaya kartina mira i kartina mira v tekstakh zagadok, [v:] Malyye formy folʹklora. Sbornik statey pamyati G.L. Permyakova. Sost. T.N. Sveshnikova, Moskva: Vostochnaya literatura RAN 1995.

Zagadki pro dverʹ, [v:] http://zagadki-s-otvetami.ru/359-zagadki-pro-dver.html.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Czerwiński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach

Abstrakt

We aimed to determine differences in mental health outcomes for the adult population depending on their personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine. The study involved 1,257 respondents (32.3% male and 67.7% female, aged 18–61+ years). We used the Brief Resilience Scale, the Professional Hardiness Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Expanded, the Short Screening Scale for DSM– IV post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the Giessen Subjective Complaints List. The obtained data showed high pressure of physical complaints and high levels of PTSD symptoms in adult Ukrainians. We found that positive mental health outcomes were significantly higher in adults with ‘Active’ personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine, which was shown by their significantly higher levels of four positive mental health indicators (resilience, general level of professional hardiness, self-efficacy and level of post-experience change). Negative mental health outcomes were significantly higher in adults with ‘Passive’ experience, which was shown by their significantly higher levels of two negative indicators (pressure of physical complaints and manifestations of PTSD symptoms). Our findings indicate a high need for psychological support and assistance for the Ukrainian population and show the direction of possible interventions.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Oleg Kokun
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine

Abstrakt

Dzieło literackie stwarza fikcyjny świat i opisuje zachodzące w nim zdarzenia. Ten świat jest pierwotnie stworzony przez autora, a później utrzymywany w istnieniu dzięki działaniu zbiorowej pamięci i wyobraźni czytelników i komentatorów. Ingarden przyjmuje cztery kategorie metafizyczne: świat realny, idealny, psychiczny i intencjonalny. Ciekawym problemem jest pytanie, czy przypisanie przedmiotu do jednej z tych czterech kategorii wymaga usprawiedliwienia przez wskazanie na właściwości tych przedmiotów, czy raczej polega na dość swobodnym zaliczeniu pewnych desygnatów do pewnych zbiorów. Autor wybiera to drugie wyjście i argumentuje, że ta decyzja jest zgodna ze szczególnie doniosłą rolą przypisywaną przez Ingardena dziełom literackim.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jacek Hołówka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. prof. em., Uniwersytet Warszawski, Wydział Filozofii, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 3, 00-927 Warszawa

Abstrakt

Artykuł stanowi krytyczną analizę Ingardenowskiej koncepcji poznania cudzych stanów psychicznych. Prezentuje sformułowane przez Ingardena zarzuty wobec teorii konkurencyjnych, wskazując na ich niekonkluzywność. Następnie przedstawia oryginalne stanowisko Ingardena, w tym jego silne i słabe strony. Pokazuje, że koncepcja Ingardena, nie dając wglądu w mechanizmy leżące u podstaw poznawania cudzych stanów psychicznych, ma niewielką moc wyjaśniającą i nawet jako opis fenomenologiczny stosuje się do ograniczonej klasy sytuacji poznawczych.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Stępnik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warszawska Szkoła Reklamy, ul. S. Szolc-Rogozińskiego 3, 02-777 Warszawa
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

Artykuł omawia stosunek filozofii Ludwiga Wittgensteina do eksternalizmu. Tezą artykułu jest, że choć Wittgenstein, odrzucając mentalizm w kwestii znaczenia i umysłu, często sięgał po argumenty eksternalistyczne, to nie zaakceptowałby tego stanowiska, tak jak nie stanąłby po stronie internalizmu. Filozofia Wittgensteina jest ateoretyczna i terapeutyczna, ma charakter gramatycznych rozjaśnień filozoficznych trudności, z których rodzą się wspomniane stanowiska.
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Bibliografia

Bilgrami A. (1996), Can Externalism Be Reconciled With Self‑Knowledge? [1992], w: A. Pessin, S. Goldberg (red.), The Twin Earth Chronicles. Twenty Years of Reflection on Hilary Putnam’s “The Meaning of ‘Meaning’”, London – New York: Routledge, s. 362–395.

Burge T. (2007), Individualism and the Mental [1979], w: tenże, Foundations of Mind. Philosophical Essays, vol. 2, Toronto – New York: Oxford University Press, s. 100–150.

Burge T. (2013), Individualism and Self‑Knowledge [1988], w: Cognition Through Understanding: Self‑Knowledge, Interlocution, Reasoning, Reflection: Philosophical Essays, vol. 3, Oxford: Oxford University Press, s. 55–68.

Cavell S. (2008), Sens późnej filozofii Wittgensteina, przeł. T. Zarębski, „Principia” I.

Child W. (2010), Wittgenstein’s Externalism, w: D. Whiting (red.), The Later Wittgenstein on Language, Houndmills, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, s. 63– 80.

Davidson D. (2001), Knowing One’s Own Mind [1987], w: tenże, Subjective, Intersubjective, Objective, New York – Clarendon: Oxford University Press, s. 15–38.

Glock H.‑J., Preston J.M. (1995), Externalism and First‑Person Authority, „The Monist” 78 (4), s. 515–533.

Hacker P.M.S. (1998), Wittgenstein: Meaning and Mind. Volume 3 of an Analytical Commentary on the „Philosophical Investigations”, cz. I i II, Oxford: Blackwell.

Hacker P.M.S. (2013), Wittgenstein: Comparison and Context, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Putnam H. (1998), Wiele twarzy realizmu i inne eseje, przeł. A. Grobler, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Sawyer S. (2003), Conceptual Errors and Social Externalism, „The Philosophical Quarterly” 53, s. 265–273.

Sorgiovanni B. (2020), Wittgensteinian Content‑Externalism, „European Journal of Philosophy” 28, s. 110–125.

Wikforss Å.M. (2001), Social Externalism and Conceptual Errors, „The Philosophical Quarterly” 51, s. 217–231.

Wittgenstein L. (1997), Tractatus logico‑philosophicus, przeł. B. Wolniewicz, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

Wittgenstein L. (1998), Niebieski i brązowy zeszyt, przeł. A. Lipszyc, Ł. Sommer, Warszawa: Spacja.

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Wittgenstein L. (1999b), Kartki, przeł. S. Lisiecka, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo KR. Wittgenstein L. (2000a), Dociekania filozoficzne, przeł. B. Wolniewicz, Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Dehnel
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Dolnośląska Szkoła Wyższa, ul. Strzegomska 55, 53‑611 Wrocław

Abstrakt

W artykule przedstawiam koncepcję plików mentalnych (mental files), zarówno w jej embrionalnej postaci, stworzonej przez P.F. Strawsona, jak i we współczesnej, rozwijanej przez F. Recanatiego, rekonstruując główne idee motywujące jej wprowadzenie. Chodzi tu w szczególności o problem informatywności zdań identycznościowych (dla Strawsona) i problem rozwikłania kontrowersji między syngularyzmem i deskryptywizmem (dla Recanatiego). Przedstawiam również propozycję dalszego wzbogacenia tej koncepcji w oparciu o inne wątki Strawsonowskiej filozofii języka. Główne idee tej propozycji to: uwzględnienie w strukturze plików bloku metadanych, zawierających informacje o samych plikach jako mentalnych partykulariach, i przyjęcie Strawsonowskiego referring use jako mechanizmu tworzącego lub aktywującego pliki mentalne.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mieszko Tałasiewicz

Abstrakt

Większość filozofów uważa, że możliwa jest filozoficzna teoria działania, która w jednakowy sposób opisze działanie umysłowe i nieumysłowe. W artykule zostały przedstawione dwa argumenty, które wskazują, że taka teoria nie jest możliwa. Jeden argumentuje za tym, że myślenie nie jest działaniem. Jego sformułowanie wywołuje jednak znaczące trudności. Drugi argument unika tych trudności i stawia inną, chociaż czasem mylnie utożsamianą z poprzednią, tezę, że działanie umysłowe jest działaniem istotnie różnym od działania nieumysłowego i w związku z tym nie należy oczekiwać jednej teorii, która obejmie oba te zjawiska. Akceptacja tego wniosku rzuca nowe światło na problemy związane z językiem myśli oraz na pytanie „Co robi Le Penseur?”

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mateusz Karwowski

Abstrakt

The subject of depression, often driven by personal experience, has lately become very prominent in the public sphere. Olga Hund's Psy ras drobnych [Dogs of Smaller Breeds] (2018) is a novel about depression, though unlike many European films and novels, it does not blame the condition on the individual – the main character of the story. Her book is memoir of sorts, a series of dramatic scenes from a mental ward of the Kobierzyn Psychiatric Hospital in Cracow. The whole is written, we may assume, to provoke out-rage: it is an accusation of the health care system, yet the blame for the mental condition rather than the wrong therapy, is put squarely on the structures and socio-economic mechanisms of the neoliberal society. The book makes two points. First, the psychiatric hospital by its very nature is a total institution that’s totally indispensable; and second – as seen from the interface of the ‘normal’ people and the mental patients – the social, economic and ideological factors have a significant role in generating suffering and the mental illness itself.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hanna Serkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Warszawski
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

The paper focuses on the peculiarities of interaction between the Kryvorivnya dialect (Kr) of Southwest Ukrainian, on the one hand, and Standard Ukrainian (SU), on the other. Such interaction is analysed through the language mentality of a native speaker in terms of Martin Buber’s philosophy of dialogue. The author explores different approaches toward deep‑rooted mechanisms of the encounter of a speaker’s I with both non‑standard (dialect) and standard varieties of Ukrainian. The analysis is based on the material of literary works written in Kr or SU by Paraska Plytka‑Horytsvit as well as six interviews with native speakers who live in that area. All speakers interviewed for this paper speak both Kr and SU, thus being able to switch codes in various environments. The author argues that native speakers’ basic perception unfolds primarily along the I‑Thou relation, if viewed from the perspective of Kr, while it unfolds along the I‑It relation if perceived from the point of view of SU. These two types of perception are likely to temporarily fluctuate from the I‑Thou to I‑It relation and vice versa, which can be explained by the complexity of any linguistic mentality and human nature, in general.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Оксана Лебедівна
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Київ, Національний університет «Києво-Могилянська академія»

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