The bonding state of the asphalt layers in a road pavement structure significantly affects its fatigue life. These bondings, therefore, require detailed tests and optimization. In this paper, the analyses of the correlation between the results of laboratory static tests and the results of fatigue tests of asphalt mixture interlayer bondings were performed. The existence of the relationships between selected parameters was confirmed. In the future, the results of these analyses may allow for assessment of interlayer bondings' fatigue life based on the results of quick and relatively easy static tests.
The paper presents the results of an extensive investigation of asphalt concrete specimens with geosynthetic interlayer. The subject of this research is evaluation of influence of geosynthetics interlayer applied to bituminous pavements on interlayer bonding of specimens. The results of the tests proves that when geosynthetic is used, the bonding of interlayer depends mainly on the type of bituminous mixture, the type of geosynthetic, and the type and amount of bitumen used for saturation and sticking of geosynthetic. The amount of bitumen used in order to saturate and fix the geosynthetic significantly changes the interlayer bonding of specimens.
Brazing of two dissimilar structural materials; Zircaloy-4 and SS-316L was performed at 900oC under high vacuum conditions. The metallic glass ribbons (Zr55Cu30Al10Ni2Fe3-at. %) of 30 µm thickness, were used as an interlayer. The bonded region was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscope (EDS) and microhardness testing. The metallurgical bond formation was due to compositional changes in the molten interlayer and later on its subsequent solidification. Assessment of the bonded zone (BZ) revealed three distinct regions (Region-I, Region-II and Region-III). Diffusion transformation was observed in Region-I and Region-III which were interface with base alloys SS-316L and Zircaloy-4 respectively. However, Region-II at the middle of the BZ was composed of isothermally and athermally solidified portions. The highest values of Microhardness were observed in Region-III which was due to the presence of hard phases. Moreover, a crack parallel to BZ was observed in Region-III and was attributed to differential contraction of base alloys during cooling. Maximum shear stress acting on the BZ was calculated and correlated to the brittle phase cracking.
This paper presents the results of an extensive investigation of asphalt concrete beams with geosynthetics interlayer. The subject of the research is an evaluation of infl uence of geosynthetics interlayer applied to bituminous samples on their fatigue life. The results of the tests evidences that when geosynthetics are used, the fatigue life depends mainly on the type of bituminous mixture, the type of geosynthetics, and the type and the amount of bitumen used for saturation and sticking. The amount of bitumen used to saturate and fix the geosynthetic signifi cantly changes the samples fatigue properties. Essential positive correlation between fatigue and parameters of interlayer bonding (shear strength, shear stiffness) occurs in both testing temperatures.
In the presented work, the author describes a new diagnostic method of ballistic resistance of multi– layered shields. The proper ballistic energy absorbed by the shield is introduced in the form V2BL[R] according to Recht’s and Ipson’s method, and V2BL[Z] according to author’s method. The kinetic energy of the bullet mp · V2p/2 and the momentum of force I are transferred to the shield and the dynamometer of ballistic pendulum. They are used to determine the proper energy V2BL[Z] and ballistic thickness hBL of the shield. The procedure can be widened onto the absorption of the energy by individual layers of the shield, where: AHnan,bn – the effect of n – interlayer on proper energy absorbed by the shield. The effectiveness of the used methods is expressed by average effectiveness coefficient βs of proper energy absorbed by the shield V2BL as well as by average mass coefficients α2s . The ballistic shields can be composed of different grades of metal layers and interlayer areas with well-chosen ballistic proprieties.
The maximization of interlayer effectiveness Nn[R] and Nn[Z] as well as relative mass effectiveness Ms[R] and Ms[Z] leads to optimum conditions of selection of multi–layered shields structures.
The aim of this paper is to compare some geometric parameters and deflections of a sandwich meta-structure with its classic, three-layer counterpart. Both structures are composed of the same materials and have the same external dimensions and mass, but their middle layers (cores) are different. The core of the sandwich meta-structure is a new spatial structure itself, consisting of there-layer bars. The core of the classic sandwich structure is a layer of the continuum. To make the comparison more general and convincing, three geometrical parameters, i.e., ratio of interfacial contact (Ric), interlayer bonding factor (Ibf) and coefficient of impact sensitivity (Cis), were introduced and applied. Deflections of the structures, simply supported at the edges and loaded in the mid-span by a static force, have been measured and are presented in the paper. Potential advantages of the new meta-structure are briefly outlined.
The article presents a new approach to testing the strength of asphalt interlayer bonding. Two loading methods were used: static load and cyclic load. Before carrying out static shear strength tests, the interlayer bonding was subjected to cyclic loads with a constant number of cycles but with different frequencies. A number of layered samples with and without geosynthetic interlayers were tested at the set temperature. The comparative analyses allowed to determine the functions approximating the impact of the cyclic load frequency on the static strength of bonding at selected interlayer contact conditions. It was also possible to indicate the frequency of cyclic load at which this parameter has the largest and smallest impact on the static strength of the asphalt interlayer bonding.
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