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Abstract

Physical machine systems are represented in the form of differential equations. These differential equations may be of the higher order and difficult to analyses. Therefore, it is necessary to convert the higher-order to lower order which replicates approximately similar properties of the higher-order system (HOS). This article presents a novel approach to reducing the higher-order model. The approach is based on the hunting demeanor of the hawk and escaping of the prey. The proposed method unifies the Harris hawk algorithm and the moment matching technique. The method is applied on single input single output (SISO), multi-input multi-output (MIMO) linear time–invariant (LTI) systems. The proposed method is justified by examining the result. The results are compared using the step response characteristics and response error indices. The response indices are integral square error, integral absolute error, integral time absolute error. The step response characteristics such as rise time, peak, peak time, settling time of the proposed reduced order follows 97%–100% of the original system characteristics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aswant Kumar Sharma
1
Dhanesh Kumar Sambariya
1

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Rawath Bhata Road 324010, Kota, India
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Abstract

In this paper, the designing and simulation of 400 Gbps polarisation division multiplexing-quadrature amplitude modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PDM-4QAM-OFDM)-based inter-satellite optical wireless communication (IsOWC)/mechatronic telecommunication system for improving the link information carrying capacity was carried out. With quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) encoding, the performance of the executed system has been addressed using metrics such as signal to noise ratio (SNR) and total received power (RP). The performance with suggested system has been examined in relation to the effects of various factors such as operating wavelength, transmission power, and receiving pointing error angle. Moreover, a better identification method for improving connection reach between mechatronic devices/satellites has been revealed in this study. A performance comparison of the proposed system with other implemented approaches has been made in the final step
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Authors and Affiliations

Shivmanmeet Singh
1 2
Narwant Singh Grewal
2
Baljeet Kaur
2

  1. I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar – Kapurthala Highway, Kapurthala, 144603, Punjab, India
  2. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana, 141006, Punjab, India

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