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Abstract

The austenitic stainless steels are a group of alloys normally used under high mechanical and thermal requests, in which high temperature oxidation is normally present due to oxygen presence. This study examines the oxide layer evolution for Fe24Cr12NiXNb modified austenitic stainless steel A297 HH with 0,09%Nb and 0,77%Nb content at 900°C under atmospheric air and isothermal oxidation. The modifiers elements such as Mo, Co and Ti, added to provide high mechanical strength, varied due to the casting procedure, however main elements such as Cr, Ni, Mn and Si were kept at balanced levels to avoid microstructure changing. The oxide layer analysis was performed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The elemental analysis of the different phases was measured with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The Nb-alloyed steel generated a thicker Cr oxide layer. Generally elemental Nb did not provide any noticeable difference in oxide scale growth, for the specific range of Nb amount and temperature studied. High temperature oxidation up to 120h was characterized by protective Cr oxidation, after this period a non-protective Fe-based oxidation took place. Cr, Fe and Ni oxides were observed in the multilayer oxide scale.
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Bibliography

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[6] Chen, H., Wang, H., Sun, Q., Long, C., Wei, T., Kim, S.H., Chen, J., Kim, C., & Jang, C. (2018). Oxidation behavior of Fe-20Cr-25Ni-Nb austenitic stainless steel in high-temperature environment with small amount of water vapor. Corrosion Science. 145, 90-99. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci. 2018.09.016.
[7] Zhang, X., Li, D., Li, Y. & Lu, S. (2019). Effect of aging treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties evolution of 25Cr-20Ni austenitic stainless steel weldments with different Nb contents. Journal of Materials Science & Technology. 35, 520-529. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmst.2018.10.017.
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[16] Ramos, P.A., Coelho, R.S., Pinto, H.C., Soldera, F., Mücklich, F. & Brito, P. (2021). Microstructure and cyclic oxidation behavior of modified Nb-alloyed A297 HH refractory austenitic stainless steel. Materials Chemistry and Physics. 263, 124361. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys. 2021.124361.
[17] Ramos, P.A., Coelho, R.S., Soldera, F., Pinto, H.C., Mücklich, F. & Brito,P. (2020). Residual stress analysis in thermally grown oxide scales developed on Nb-alloyed refractory austenitic stainless steels. Corrosion Science. 178, 109066. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2020.109066.
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Authors and Affiliations

P.A. Ramos
1 2
R.S. Coelho
3
H.C. Pinto
4
F. Soldera
5
F. Mücklich
5
P.P. Brito
1

  1. Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
  2. Federal Institute of Science and Technology of Minas Gerais, Brazil
  3. SENAI CIMATEC, Institute of Innovation for Forming and Joining of Materials, Av. Orlando Gomes, 1845, Piatã, 41650-010, Salvador-BA, Brazil
  4. Department of Materials Engineering - SMM, São Carlos School of Engineering – EESC, University of São Paulo – USP, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
  5. Chair of Functional Materials, Department of Materials Science, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Saarland, Germany
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Abstract

The paper presents FEM approach for comparative analyses of wall connections applied in cast grates used for charge transport in furnaces for heat and thermal-chemical treatment. Nine variants of wall connection were compared in term of temperature differences arising during cooling process and stresses caused by the differences. The presented comparative methodology consists of two steps. In first, the calculations of heat flow during cooling in oil for analysed constructions were carried out. As a result the temperature distributions vs cooling time in cross-sections of analysed wall connections were determined. In the second step, based on heat flow analyses, calculations of stresses caused by the temperature gradient in the wall connections were performed. The conducted calculations were used to evaluate an impact of thermal nodes reduction on maximum temperature differences and to quantitative comparison of various base design of the cast grate wall connection in term of level of thermal stresses and their distribution during cooling process. The obtained results clearly show which solution of wall connection should be applied in cast grate used for charge transport in real constructions and which of them should be avoided because the risk of high thermal stresses forming during cooling process.
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Bibliography

[1] Lai, G.Y. (2007). High-Temperature Corrosion and Materials Applications. ASM International.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Bajwoluk
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Gutowski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mechanical Engineering Faculty, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Polska

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