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Number of results: 6
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Abstract

Highly active antagonistic actinomycete Streptomyces griseoviridis and entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana were applied to the soil separately and together (in association) in the laboratory experiments. We assessed survival rate, insecticidal and fungistatic activity of these strains. We also tested the influence of synthetic insecticide Regent 25® (fipronil 25g/l) on investigated parameters. Additionally, insecticidal activity of both strains was compared with insecticidal activity of Regent. It was shown that both strains, especially S. griseoviridis, good survived in soil. Population density of S. griseoviridis in the association with B. bassiana increased 2–3 times compared to initial density. Regent considerably reduced population density of S. griseoviridis and B. bassiana. Insecticidal efficiency of S. griseoviridis was comparable with the effect of synthetic incecticide Regent and reached 89.2% and 86.8% respectively. Fungistatic activity towards Fusarium oxysporum showed only S. griseoviridis and it was observed that this activity decreased in time course.

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Augustyniuk-Kram
Marina N. Mandrik
Tatyana V. Romanovskaya
Emily I. Kolomiets
Vladislav N. Kuptsov
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Abstract

This study illustrates the antifungal activity of green biosynthesis of a silver nanoparticle solution using one of Sinai’s natural plant extracts, namely Zygophyllum album which was used as a stabilizer and reducing agent to reduce Ag+ to metallic silver. In this study the plant extract was prepared by boiling in water for 10 min., 70% ethanol and wet autoclaving for 5 min. AgNPs were prepared using these three different extract methods. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta potential techniques were employed to characterize the synthesis of nanoparticles. The size of particles ranged from 6.28 nm to 28.89 nm at x100 and the zeta potential had one peak at –16.6 mean (mV) at area 100% for green synthesized AgNPs from Z. album prepared from boiling in water for 10 min. The size of particles ranged from 6.64 nm to 54.82nm at 100x and the zeta potential had one peak at – 12.9 mean (mV) at 100% area for green synthesized AgNPs from the plant ethanol extract. The size of particles ranged from 9.39 nm to 31.93 nm at 100x and the zeta potential had one peak – 19.8 mean (mV) at 100% area for green synthesized AgNPs from the wet autoclaved plant extract of Z. album for 5 min. All treatments of plant extract and AgNPs solutions, prepared from these plant extracts of Zygophyllum album, were compared with the positive control and Tachigaren – 30% W/P was conducted on the radial growth of F. oxysporium and caused antifungal activity with a high inhibition percent. There was a highly significant difference between the various extraction techniques. Increasing the concentration of treatments was accompanied with a significant effect on Fusarium wilt. Thus, this study may provide a good alternative approach to control Fusarium wilt disease in the field and under storage conditions of vegetables. Our study suggests that silver nanoparticles of plant extracts can be used for controlling Fusarium wilt.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monga Ibrahim Mossa
1
Eman E.S. El-Sharkawy
2
Ahmed A. ElSharawy
3

  1. Botany and Microbiology Department, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
  2. Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
  3. Plant Production Department, Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Science, Arish University, North Sinai, Egypt
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Abstract

Three plant extracts viz. bulbs of Allium sativum L. (Liliaceae), seeds of Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae) and leaves of Vitex negundo L. (Verbenaceae) were evaluated against cowpea wilt pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris by mycelial dry weight method under laboratory condtions. The mean mycelium dry weights of F. oxysporum of methanol and benzene extracts of A. sativum obtained from 125 g of crused dry plant material (bulbs) were 0.0113 and 0.0174 mg, respectively. This was followed by methanol and petroleum ether extracts of A. squamosa (0.2396 and 0.2381 mg). They effectively controlled mycelial growth of cowpea wilt pathogen, however V. negundo extracts did not cause any significant mycelium growth inhibition when compared to other plant extracts tested. Among the three plant extracts, methanol extracts of A. sativum bulbs could possibly be used for controlling F. oxysporum.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kitherian Sahayaraj
Sathasivam Karthick Raja Namasivayam
Jesu Alexander Francis Borgio
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Abstract

Influence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyder and Hansen on 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) production in the rhizosphere of banana cultivar Rasthali by Pseudomonas fluorescens was investigated. The purified extracts of Pfm strain of P. fluorescens isolated from banana rhizosphere inhibited the growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense under laboratory conditions. DAPG extracted from the cultures of the strain was observed as distinct spots in thin layer chromatographic plates at Rf value of 0.88. The extracts of soil inoculated with P. fluorescens and challenge inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense eluted at retention time ranges from 20.00 min to 21.30 min. The quantity of DPAG production was less in the extracts of soil inoculated with P. fluorescens and challenge inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense as compared to P. fluorescens alone inoculated soil. The talc formulation of Pfm strain also reduced vascular discolouration due to the pathogen in banana plants when inoculated at 15 g/plant.

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Authors and Affiliations

Thangavelu Saravanan
Mari Muthusamy
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Abstract

Essential oils from four plants , i.e. geranium, rosa, lemon and mint were tested for their activity in vitro and in vivo against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the cause of root rot and wilt of beans. In vitro, they were found to have an inhibitory effect against the mycelial growth of R. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli. Complete inhibition in fungal growth was observed at a concentration of 4% of each essential oil and Topsin M at 400 ppm as well. In greenhouse the four essential oils were tested as seed coating and/or foliar spray. Results of seed coating at a concentration of 1% clearly demonstrate a good protection of emerged bean seeds against invasion of R. solani and F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli compared with the fungicide treatment. A similar trend was observed in a lower extent when the essential oils were applied as bean seeds coating followed by seedlings foliar spray under field conditions. Obvious yield increase as bean green pods, in all treatments, was significantly higher than in the control.

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Authors and Affiliations

Nehal S. El-Mougy
Nadia G. El-Gamal
Mokhtar M. Abdel-Kader
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Abstract

This paper presents a preliminary report of Fusarium wilt of Roselle in the Nigerian savanna. Soil and plant samples were collected from eight experimental plots where plants showed Roselle wilt symptoms. Samples were analyzed for the presence of nematodes and wilt pathogens. The wilt causative organism Fusarium oxysporum was isolated together with nematodes of different genera. However, nematodes of the genus Helicotylenchus, Scutellonema and Hoplolaimus appeared to occur in higher densities than the others.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ogechi N. Agbenin
M.O. Ogunlana

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