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Abstract

The article provides an overview of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) solutions for intelligent buildings. A significant topic from the smart cities point of view. That solution could be implemented as one of the human-building interfaces. The authors presented an analysis of the use of BCI in specific building systems. The article presents an analysis of BCI solutions in the context of controlling devices/systems included in the Building Management System (BMS). The Article confirms the possibility of using this method of communication between the user and the building’s central unit. Despite many confirmations of repeatable device inspections, the article presents the challenges faced by the commercialization of the solution in buildings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bartłomiej Kawa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Borkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Rodak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lodz University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Buildings in Poland are still constructed using technologies and methods created decades ago, even though many new technologies can be applied. Such an approach in the construction process is not sufficient to ensure the sustainable development of the world. Therefore, there is a great need for implementing new, innovative technical, economic, and social solutions. Innovation can be considered as any change that is beneficial for the entity that introduces it. The challenges that the construction sector faces nowadays are mostly related to the concept of sustainable development. The main trends in innovations are the shift towards more resource- and energy-efficientways of construction aswell as implementing the principles of the circular economy. In this article, we present innovative technologies applied in the construction sector that meet the requirements of sustainable development. Also, we propose a method for assessing the environmental impact of innovative technologies currently used in the construction sector. As the proposed methods are primarily based on expert knowledge, it was necessary to determine the risk of making a wrong decision to apply innovative technology in practice based on an assessment made by a person with appropriate competencies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Arkadiusz Węglarz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Gilewski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, ul. Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

In the era of continuous advancement in wireless technologies, path loss, also known as channel attenuation, is a drop in signal strength from the transmitter to the receiver. Path loss modelling is critical in designing fixed and mobile communication systems for various applications. This paper focuses on the received power (dBm) and free space path loss (FSPL) on various distances and frequencies such as 5240 MHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) and frequency such as 2100 MHz for the mobile network such as Celcom. As a result, able to analyze the correspondence between received power (dBm) and distance of each related frequency and the correspondence between FSPL (dB) and distance of each corresponding frequency and able to analyze the effect of obstacle on received power (dBm) and frequency.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kavinesh S Radhakrishna
1
Y.S. Lee
2
K.Y. You
3
K.M. Thiruvarasu
1
S.T. Ng
1

  1. Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Faculty of Electronic Engineering Technology and Advanced Communication Engineering, Centre of Excellence (CoE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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Abstract

The present review is mainly focused on the extended analysis of the results obtained from coupled measurement techniques of a thermal imaging camera and chronoamperometry for imines in undoped and doped states. This coupled technique allows to identify the current-voltage characteristics of thin films based on imine, as well as to assess layer defects in thermal images. Additional analysis of results provides further information regarding sample parameters, such as resistance, conductivity, thermal resistance, and Joule power heat correlated with increasing temperature. As can be concluded from this review, it is possible not only to study material properties at the supramolecular level, but also to tune macroscopic properties of -conjugated systems. A detailed study of the structure-thermoelectrical properties in a series of eight unsymmetrical and symmetrical imines for the field of optoelectronics and photovoltaics has been undertaken. Apart from this molecular engineering, the imines properties were also tuned by supramolecular engineering via protonation with camphorsulfonic acid and by creation of bulk-heterojunction compositions based on poly(4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-4,6-diyl) and/or [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) towards the analysed donor or acceptor ability of imines in the active layer. The use of coupled measurement techniques of a thermal imaging camera and chronoamperometry allows obtaining comprehensive data on thermoelectric properties and defects indicating possible molecule rearrangement within the layer.
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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof. A. Bogdanowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Iwan
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Military Institute of Engineer Technology, 136 Obornicka St., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

This article examines in depth the most recent thermal testing techniques for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Temperature estimation circuits can be divided into six divisions based on modeling and calculation methods, including electrochemical computational modeling, equivalent electric circuit modeling (EECM), machine learning (ML), digital analysis, direct impedance measurement and magnetic nanoparticles as a base. Complexity, accuracy and computational cost-based EECM circuits are feasible. The accuracy, usability and adaptability of diagrams produced using ML have the potential to be very high. However, none of them can anticipate the low-cost integrated BMS in real time due to their high computational costs. An appropriate solution might be a hybrid strategy that combines EECM and ML.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ahmed Abd El Baset Abd El Halim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ehab Hassan Eid Bayoumi
2
Walid El-Khattam
3
Amr Mohamed Ibrahim
3

  1. Energy and Renewable Energy Department, Faculty of Engineering, Egyptian Chinese University, 14 Abou Ghazalh, Mansheya El-Tahrir,Ain Shams, Cairo, Egypt
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The British University in Egypt, El Sherouk City, Cairo, Egypt
  3. Department of Electric Power and Machines, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

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