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Abstract

In reference to Anna Śliz’s book Wielokulturowość: stygmat współczesnego świata? Próba analizy socjologicznej [Multiculturalism: The Stigma of the Modern World? An Attempt at a Sociological Analysis], the subject of this article is multiculturalism as a phenomenon, a political project, and a real kind of existing society (multiculturalism is not the same as interculturalism or transculturalism). In the discourse on multiculturalism, many specific questions arise: the inevitability of the phenomenon and its genesis; the beginnings and bases of multiculturalism as a political project and its challenges; the reality of multicultural societies—from affirmation to contestation. Model discourse over multiculturalism is confronted with a range of remarks, commentaries, and questions about its fundamental significance, for example, about the potential for realizing the idea of multiculturalism in Europe, and whether Australia and Canada are now definitely multicultural societies.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Kurcz
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Abstract

Australia to kraj bardzo bogaty w zasoby naturalne. Jest znaczącym eksporterem rud żelaza, boksytów, miedzi, złota, niklu oraz cynku. Kraj ten eksportuje także rudy uranu czy też węgiel kamienny i gaz ziemny. We własnym zakresie wykorzystuje również surowiec energetyczny, jakim jest węgiel brunatny. Podobnie jak w Polsce, służy on do produkcji energii elektrycznej zapewniając przy tym bezpieczeństwo energetyczne państwa. Pomimo znacznej odległości dzielącej te dwa kraje, mają one ze sobą wiele wspólnego. Zarówno Australia, jak i Polska opiera swoją elektroenergetykę w większości na rodzimych zasobach węgla kamiennego i brunatnego. Obydwa kraje osiągnęły także zbliżony poziom udziału OZE w miksie energetycznym. Podobny jest również poziom rocznego wydobycia węgla brunatnego. W artykule dokonano porównania górnictwa i energetyki opartej na węglu brunatnym w Australii i w Polsce. Analiza dotyczy ostatnich 20 lat, przy czym szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zmiany, jakie zaszły w tej branży po 2010 roku. Wskazano podobieństwa i różnice występujące w obydwu krajach w zakresie warunków geologiczno-górniczych wydobycia węgla brunatnego oraz jednostkowej efektywności i emisji dwutlenku węgla podczas produkcji energii elektrycznej. Opisano także stan i perspektywy rozwoju trzech kompleksów górniczo-energetycznych węgla brunatnego zlokalizowanych w Latrobe Valley w stanie Wiktoria w południowo-wschodniej Australii.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Kasztelewicz
Mateusz Sikora
Maciej Zajączkowski
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Abstract

Today green energy agenda is in the lead position in the media space and scientific community. The countries have put forward ambitious strategies for green energy development: cut CO2 emissions, introduce new financial instruments. Australia is no exception. The country is trying to start a massive green energy transformation, but its effect on the economy of Australia is dubious, especially taking the losses of profit from coal exports into account. The article aims at answering the main question: is massive green transformation necessary for Australia and the ones, which follow it, namely, how can green energy transformation be conducted in the country, what sources of renewable energy are preferable in the country and how does the green energy transition influence the Australian economy? The key findings include: the proof of the non-necessity of massive green energy transformation in Australia, the proof that solar and wind power are the most effective renewable energy resources in the country and the proof that Australia should slow down the green energy transformation if it wants to preserve its economic prosperity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elnur Mekhdiev
1
ORCID: ORCID
Igbal Guliev
2
ORCID: ORCID
Kristina Benashvili
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Center for Analysis, Risk Management and Internal Control in Digital Space, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Russia
  2. International Institute of Energy Policy and Diplomacy, MGIMO University, Russia
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Abstract

Based on 25 interviews with high-skilled migrants, this article examines the migration of IT profession-als from Ukraine in Australia. Their migration experience – identified as ‘migration for achievement’ – is examined in three ways. First, the article sets out the structural context for migration and the formation of the achievement life strategy: (1) the emergence and growth of the IT industry in Ukraine, in combination with (2) shifts in Australian migration policy triggered by the growth of the innovation economy and demand for highly skilled migrants. Second, it examines migration decision-making and the individual motivations, values, aims and agency of migrants. Third, the article explores how achievement life strategies are recreated or transformed after migration by looking into the migrants’ adaptation, occupational outcomes, language and national identity, future plans and aspirations. The narratives of the ‘achievement migrants’ in Australia form a story of well-integrated members of Australian society and active agents of social and economic life. Given their capacity to successfully main-tain their social and economic status after migration, along with their positive contributions to Australian society in terms of social cohesion, innovation and economic production, this group can be considered a ‘brain-gain’ for Australia.

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Authors and Affiliations

Olga Oleinikova

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