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Effect of Corrosion on Wear Resistance of the Composite Based on GX120Mn13 Cast Steel Zonally Reinforced with Particles (Al2O3+ZrO2)

Daniel Medyński
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 3 | 133-139 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146675
Keywords abrasive wear cast steels ceramics composites corrosion
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Abstract

The subject of the work are modern composite materials with increased wear resistance intended for elements of machines operating in difficult conditions in the construction and mining industries. The study determined the effect of zone reinforcement of GX120Mn13 cast steel with macroparticles (Al 2O 3+ZrO 2) on the corrosion resistance and abrasion wear of the composite thus obtained. SEM studies have shown that at interface between two phases, and more precisely on the surface of particles (Al 2O 3+ZrO 2) a durable diffusion layers are formed. During the corrosion tests, no significant differences were found between the obtained parameters defining the corrosion processes of GX120Mn13 cast steel and GX120Mn13 with particles (Al 2O 3+ZrO 2) composite. No intergranular corrosion was observed in the matrix of the composite material, nor traces of pitting corrosion at both phases interface. This is very important in terms of tested material’s service life. Reinforcement of cast steel with particles (Al 2O 3+ZrO 2) resulted in a very significant improvement in the abrasion resistance of the composite – by about 70%. After corrosion tests, both materials were subjected to further operational investigations. These examinations consisted in determining the impact of corrosion processes on the durability of the composite in terms of abrasion. The obtained results indicate that corrosion processes did not significantly deteriorate the wear resistance of both the cast steel and the composite.
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Bibliography

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[9] Jach, K., Pietrzak K., Wajler, A., Sidorowicz, A. & Brykała, U. (2013). Application of ceramic preforms to the manufacturing of ceramic – metal composites. Archives of Metallurgy and Materials, 58(4), 1425-1428. DOI: 10.2478/amm-2013-0188.
[10] Gawroński, J., Szajnar, J. & Wróbel, P. (2004). Study on theoretical bases of receiving composite alloy layers on surface of cast steel castings. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 157, 679-682. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.07.153.
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[12] Hryniewicz, T., Rokosz, K. (2010). Theoretical basis and practical aspects of corrosion. Koszalin: Publ. House of Koszalin University of Technology (in Polish).
[13] Medyński, D. & Chęcmanowski, J. (2022). Corrosion resistance of L120G13 steel castings zone-Reinforced with Al2O3. Materials. 15(12), 4090, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15124090.
[14] Song, Y., Jiang, G., Chen, Y., Zhao, P. & Tian, Y. (2017). Effects of chloride ions on corrosion of ductile iron and carbon steel in soil environments. Scientific Reports. 7, 6865, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-07245-1.

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Authors and Affiliations

Daniel Medyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Witelon Collegium State University, Poland

The Synergy of Fatigue, Corrosion and Abrasive Wear Processes in Operation of Mining Round Link Chains

Eryk Remiorz Stanisław Mikuła
Archives of Mining Sciences | 2021 | vol. 66 | No 1 | 29-42 | DOI: 10.24425/ams.2021.136690
Keywords round link chain fatigue cracks corrosion abrasive wear
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Abstract

The mutual influence of fatigue processes, abrasive wear and corrosion of chain links on the functional properties of mining round link chains has been presented in this paper. Selected results of experimental investigations in the field of synergic impact of these destructive processes on the operational durability of mining chains have also been presented. The emphasis was given to the necessity of a comprehensive consideration of destructive processes that occur in various conditions of use of round link chains applied in mining machines.
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Bibliography

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[9] H . Kania, Kształtowanie struktury oraz odporność korozyjna powłoki Zn-Al otrzymanych metodą metalizacji zanurzeniowej. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice (2017).
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[13] A .N. Wieczorek, Influence of Shot Peening on Abrasion Wear in Real Conditions of Ni-Cu-Ausferritic Ductile Iron. Arch Metall. Mater. 61 (4), (2016).
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[16] E . Remiorz, S. Mikuła, Diagnosis of round link chains resistance to abrasive wear. Technicka Diagnostika 27 (1), (2018).
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[18] E . Remiorz, S. Mikuła, Eksploatacyjna diagnostyka ogniwowych łańcuchów górniczych stosowanych w pociągowych układach łańcuchowych maszyn ścianowych. Maszyny Górnicze 36 (1), (2018).
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Authors and Affiliations

Eryk Remiorz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stanisław Mikuła
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Mining, Safety Engineering and Industrial Automation, Department of Mining Mechanization and Robotisation, 2 Akademicka Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Microsegregation of Elements in Steel Composite Reinforced with Ceramic

Daniel Medyński A.J. Janus
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 1 | 63-66 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136079
Keywords Composite materials Cast reinforced Cast steel Ceramic materials Abrasive wear
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Abstract

The paper presents results of research on steel castings GX120Mn13 (L120G13 by PN-89/H-83160), zone-reinforced by elektrocorundum particles (Al2O3), with a grain size from 2 to 3.5 mm. Studies revealed continuity at interface between composite components and formation of a diffusion zone in the surface layer of electrocorundum grains. In the area of this zone, simple manganese segregation and reverse iron and chromium segregation were found. The transfer of these elements from cast steel to electrocorundum grains resulted superficial depletion in aluminum and oxygen in this area. No porosity was observed at the interface between two components of the composite. We found it very beneficial from an exploitation point of view, as confirmed by the study of resistance to abrasive wear.
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Bibliography

[1] Matthews, F.L., Rawlings, R.D. (1999). Composite Materials. Engineering and Science. CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA.
[2] Kocich, R., Kunčická, L., Král, P. & Strunz, P. (2018). Characterization of innovative rotary swaged Cu-Al clad composite wire conductors. Materials Design. 160, 828-835. Materials 2020. 13, 4161, p. 13 of 15.
[3] Kunčická, L., Kocich, R., Dvořák, K. & Macháčková, A. (2019). Rotary swaged laminated Cu-Al composites. Effect of structure on residual stress and mechanical and electric properties. Materials Science Engineering A. 742, 743-750.
[4] Kunčická, L., Kocich, R. (2018) Deformation behaviour of Cu-Al clad composites produced by rotary swaging. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 369, Kitakyushu City, Japan.
[5] Clyne, T.W., Withers, P.J. (1993) An Introduction to Metal Matrix Composites. Cambridge University Press: New York, NY, USA.
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[7] Górny, Z., Sobczak, J. (2005). Modern casting materials based on non-ferrous metals. Krakow. Ed. ZA-PIS.
[8] Sobczak, J. & Sobczak, N. (2001). Pressure infiltration of porous fibrous structures with aluminum and magnesium alloys. Composites. 1(2), 155-158.
[9] Klomp, J. (1987). Fundamentals of diffusion bonding. Amsterdam Ed. Ishida, Elsevier Science Publishers, 3-24.
[10] Kaczmar, J., Janus, A., Samsonowicz, Z. (1997). Influence of technological parameters on production of selected machine parts reinforced with ceramic fibers. Reports of Institute of Machine Technology and Automation of Wrocław University of Science and Technology. SPR No 5.
[11] Kaczmar, J., Janus, A., Kurzawa, A. (2002). Development of basics technology of manufacturing machine and device parts from aluminum composites reinforced with zones of ceramic particles. Reports of Institute of Machine Technology and Automation of Wrocław University of Science and Technology. SPR No 11.
[12] Dmitruk, A.G., Naplocha, K., Żak, A. M., Strojny-Nędza, A., Dieringa, H. & Kainer, K. (2019). Development of pore-free Ti-Si-C MAX/Al-Si composite materials manufactured by squeeze casting infiltration. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. 28(10), 6248-6257.
[13] Maj, J., Basista, M., Węglewski, W., Bochenek, K., Strojny-Nędza, A., Naplocha, K., Panzner, T., Tatarková, M., Fiori, F. (2018). Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties and residual stresses in interpenetrating aluminum-alumina composites fabricated by squeeze casting. Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing. 715,154-162.
[14] Szajnar, J., Wróbel, P., Wróbel, T. (2008). Model castings with composite surface layer - application. Archive of Foudry Enginnering. 8(3), 105-110.
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[16] Marcinkowska, J. (1986). Wear-resistant casting coatings on cast steel. Solidification of Metals and Alloys. 6, 37-42.
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[18] Operation and maintenance documentation of test stand T-07.
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Authors and Affiliations

Daniel Medyński
ORCID: ORCID
A.J. Janus
1
  1. Witelon State University of Applied Science in Legnica ul. Sejmowa 5A, 59 – 220 Legnica, Poland

Comparison of Wear Resistance in Polycrystalline and Monocrystalline Iron

Zhiming Liu Qiang Zhang Fangying Liu Hezhe Zhang
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2023 | vol. 68 | No 1 | 15-20 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2023.141466
Keywords Molecular dynamics Polycrystalline Centro symmetric analysis Abrasive wear
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Abstract

In the present research, we used molecular dynamics simulation to determine the effect of cutting parameters on micro-grain boundary structures and Burgers vector distribution in single crystal iron and polycrystalline iron materials. The result showed that the destruction of the lattice in polycrystalline iron caused by the cutting tool was restricted to the contact surface area. In addition, in the precision machining process, a higher refining grain was observed on the iron surface. During the cutting process of single crystal iron, large-scale slip occurred along the <111> crystal direction on the {110} crystal plane. And the slip presented an annular shape.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zhiming Liu
1
Qiang Zhang
2
Fangying Liu
2
Hezhe Zhang
2
  1. China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
  2. Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, Shandong, China

Wearing Quality of Austenitic, Duplex Cast Steel, Gray and Spheroidal Graphite Iron

S. Pietrowski
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2012 | No 2 | DOI: 10.2478/v10266-012-0067-0
Keywords New Materials and Technologies Austenitic Cast Steel “Duplex” Cast Iron Abrasion Wear Adhesive Wear
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Abstract

The current work presents the research results of abrasion wear and adhesive wear at rubbing and liquid friction of new austenitic, austenitic-ferritic (“duplex”) cast steel and gray cast iron EN-GJL-250, spheroidal graphite iron EN-GJS-600-3, pearlitic with ledeburitic carbides and spheroidal graphite iron with ledeburitic carbides with a microstructure of the metal matrix: pearlitic, upper bainite, mixture of upper and lower bainite, martensitic with austenite, pearlitic-martensitic-bainitic-ausferritic obtained in the raw state. The wearing quality test was carried out on a specially designed and made bench. Resistance to abrasion wear was tested using sand paper P40. Resistance to adhesive wear was tested in interaction with steel C55 normalized, hardened and sulfonitrided. The liquid friction was obtained using CASTROL oil. It was stated that austenitic cast steel and “duplex” are characterized by a similar value of abrasion wear and adhesive wear at rubbing friction. The smallest decrease in mass was shown by the cast steel in interaction with the sulfonitrided steel C55. Austenitic cast steel and “duplex” in different combinations of friction pairs have a higher wear quality than gray cast iron EN-GJL250 and spheroidal graphite iron EN-GJS-600-3. Austenitic cast steel and “duplex” are characterized by a lower wearing quality than the spheroidal graphite iron with bainitic-martensitic microstructure. In the adhesive wear test using CASTROL oil the tested cast steels and cast irons showed a small mass decrease within the range of 1÷2 mg.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Pietrowski

The Effect of BN or SiC Addition on PEO Properties of Coatings Formed on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy

D. Pelczar P. Długosz P. Darłak A. Szewczyk-Nykiel M. Nykiel M. Hebda
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2022 | vol. 67 | No 1 | 147-154 | DOI: 10.24425/amm.2022.137483
Keywords composite oxide film abrasive wear resistance corrosion behavior scratch resistance protective coatings
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Abstract

Currently, due to the economic and ecological aspects, light alloys are increasingly important construction material, in particular in the transport industry. One of the popular foundry magnesium alloys is the alloy AZ91, which among others due to mechanical properties and technological features, is used, for example, for light structural parts.
The paper presents the results of research on modification of the AZ91 alloy surface layer in the plasma electrolytic oxidation process. The change of usable properties of the produced coatings was obtained by introducing additions of silicon carbide or boron nitride. The thickness and hardness of the protective layers produced, resistance to scratches and corrosion resistance were determined. Moreover, the friction coefficient of the coating-steel pair was investigated. The quality of the connections made between the coating and the substrate, i.e. the magnesium alloy, was also evaluated. The results obtained for coatings with silicon carbide or boron nitride additives were always compared to the results obtained for unmodified samples.
On the basis of the obtained results, it was shown that the introduction of boron nitride additive to the AZ91 alloy coating produced in the plasma electrolytic oxidation process significantly improves the resistance to: (i) corrosion and (ii) abrasive wear of the coating.
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Pelczar
1
P. Długosz
2
ORCID: ORCID
P. Darłak
2
ORCID: ORCID
A. Szewczyk-Nykiel
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nykiel
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Hebda
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Department of Materials Engineering, 24 Warszawska St r., 31-155 Krakow, Poland
  2. Centre of Casting Technology, Research Network Lukasiewicz-Krakow Institute of Technology, Zakopiańska 73, 30-418 Krakow, Poland

Tribological Wear of as Cast Zn-4Al Alloy Cooled at Various Rates from the Eutectoid Transformation Temperature

M.M. Lachowicz T. Leśniewski M.B. Lachowicz R. Jasionowski
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2020 | vol. 20 | No 4 | 108-114 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.133356
Keywords Metallography Microstructure Heat treatment Abrasive wear Zinc alloys Zn-4Al
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Abstract

The paper presents the results from a study on the impact of the cooling rate in the eutectoid transition on the abrasive wear of the as cast Zn-4Al alloy. The microstructure of the researched material consists of dendrites of the η solid solution and an (α+η) eutectic structure. During the eutectoid transformation at 275oC the distribution in the eutectic structure was transformed and fined. Heat treatment was carried out for this alloy, during which three cooling mediums were used, i.e. water, air and an furnace. For the research material obtained in this way, metallographic examinations were performed using the methods of light and scanning electron microscopy, as well as hardness measurements. It was found that faster cooling rate promoted the fragmentation of structural components, which translates into higher hardness of the material. This also had effects in the tribological wear of the tested alloy. As part of the tests, an abrasive wear test was carried out on a standard T-07 tester.

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Authors and Affiliations

M.M. Lachowicz
T. Leśniewski
M.B. Lachowicz
R. Jasionowski

Changes in the Microstructure and Abrasion Resistance of Tool Cast Steel after the Formation of Titanium Carbides in the Alloy Matrix

Grzegorz Tęcza
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 173-180 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.148961
Keywords Cast tool steel Microstructure Titanium carbides Heat treatment Hardness Resistance to abrasive wear
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Abstract

Cast martensitic alloy steel is used for the production of parts and components of machines operating under conditions of abrasive wear. One of the most popular grades is cast steel GX70CrMnSiNiMo2 steel, which is used in many industries, but primarily in the mining and material processing sectors for rings and balls operating in the grinding sets of coal mills. To improve the abrasion resistance of cast alloy tool steel, primary titanium carbides were produced in the metallurgical process by increasing the carbon content to 1.78 wt.% and adding 5.00 wt.% of titanium to test castings. After alloy solidification, the result was the formation of a microstructure consisting of a martensitic matrix with areas of residual austenite and primary titanium carbides evenly distributed in this matrix.
The measured as-cast hardness of the samples was 660HV and it increased to as much as 800HV after heat treatment.
The abrasion resistance of the sample hardened in a 15% polymer solution increased at least three times compared to the reference sample after quenching and tempering.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grzegorz Tęcza
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Krakow, Poland

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