It has been shown that the precipitation of bismuth orthovanadate from a fly ash leachate is a promising method of vanadium recovery. BiVO4 obtained after appropriate heat treatment can be sold as a pigment. The yield of recovery of solubilised vanadium is equal to 68% and the precipitate is free from nickel impurity. The precipitate is insoluble in the solutions with pH ≥ 3. In more acidic media the solubility of precipitate increases with the decreasing pH. The solubility of the precipitate increases also with the increasing concentration of chloride ions.
Retinitis pigmentosa is a genetic disorder that results in nyctalopia and its progression leads to complete loss of vision. The analysis and the study of retinal images are necessary, so as to help ophthalmologist in early detection of the retinitis pigmentosa. In this paper fundus images and Optical Coherence Tomography images are comprehensively analyzed, so as to obtain the various morphological features that characterize the retinitis pigmentosa. Pigment deposits, important trait of RP is investigated. Degree of darkness and entropy are the features used for analysis of PD. The darkness and entropy of the PD is compared with the different regions of the fundus image which is used to detect the pigments in the retinal image. Also the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by using various performance metrics. The performance metrics are calculated for all 120 images of RIPS dataset. The performance metrics such as sensitivity, sensibility, specificity, accuracy, F-score, equal error rate, conformity coefficient, Jaccard’s coefficient, dice coefficient, universal quality index were calculated as 0.72, 0.96, 0.97, 0.62, 0.12, 0.09, 0.59, 0.45 and 0.62, respectively.