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Abstract

We aimed to determine differences in mental health outcomes for the adult population depending on their personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine. The study involved 1,257 respondents (32.3% male and 67.7% female, aged 18–61+ years). We used the Brief Resilience Scale, the Professional Hardiness Questionnaire, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory—Expanded, the Short Screening Scale for DSM– IV post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the Giessen Subjective Complaints List. The obtained data showed high pressure of physical complaints and high levels of PTSD symptoms in adult Ukrainians. We found that positive mental health outcomes were significantly higher in adults with ‘Active’ personal experience during the first months of the war in Ukraine, which was shown by their significantly higher levels of four positive mental health indicators (resilience, general level of professional hardiness, self-efficacy and level of post-experience change). Negative mental health outcomes were significantly higher in adults with ‘Passive’ experience, which was shown by their significantly higher levels of two negative indicators (pressure of physical complaints and manifestations of PTSD symptoms). Our findings indicate a high need for psychological support and assistance for the Ukrainian population and show the direction of possible interventions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oleg Kokun
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. G.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology of National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
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Abstract

‘Return to nature’ has become a buzzword in both scientific and public discourse. The growing interest in this phenomenon calls for the development of reliable tools for scientific research, for example the adaptation of various connectivity to nature (CN) scales developed by researchers from other cultural circles and other countries. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of a Polish version of the AIMES scale for multidimensional assessment of CN as conceptualized by Ives et al. (2018). Validation studies were conducted using a survey administered on Prolific, an online platform, with a sample of 516 Poles (56% of them women) aged 18-66. The Polish version of AIMES showed high internal consistency (α = .92). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the scale structure consists of a unified second-order factor with five first-order factors: attachment, identity, materialism, experiential, and spiritual. Relevance analysis showed significant positive associations of CN with perception of nature and silence, pro- environmental attitude and behaviour, psychological well-being, gratitude/awe, forgiveness, spirituality, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness, and a marginal positive association with openness to experience. The results strengthen the psychometric qualities of the AIMES scale, indicating its applicability to the study of CN in Polish contexts.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Surzykiewicz
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Sebastian Binyamin Skalski-Bednarz
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Loren L Toussaint
4
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Kwadrans
5
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Kwiatkowska
6
ORCID: ORCID
Karol Konaszewski
7
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Eichstätt, Germany
  2. Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  3. University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  4. Luther College, Department of Psychology, Decorah, IA, USA
  5. University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Pedagogy, Katowice, Poland
  6. Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Warsaw, Poland
  7. University of Białystok, Faculty of Education, Białystok, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of the article is twofold: to introduce a Polish adaptation of the Self-Talk Scale (STS) by Brinthaupt et al. (2009), including psychometric properties of the method, and to present some empirical results focusing on relationships between inner speech and other variables, like temperamental and personality traits, selected features of characteristic adaptations, and the self. In a Polish sample of 1,321 participants (770 women) aged 18–70 years ( M = 26.62, SD = 8.30), the internal structure of the scale consisting of self-criticism, self-reinforcement, self- management, and social assessment was confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), which showed an acceptable fit of the four-function model to the empirical data. However, according to EFA, two functions, self- management and social assessment, constituted one common factor. Internal consistency of the total score was high, α = .87 and .88, in two samples, as well as for particular functions, from .73 to .85. Validity of the STS was confirmed with the Internal Dialogical Activity Scale – Revised (Oleś et al., 2020). Moreover, STS results corresponded with traits like endurance and neuroticism; characteristic adaptation, like love for life; characteristics of the self, like reflection and rumination; and slightly with tolerance for ambiguity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr K. Oles
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Pasternak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aneta Kozioł
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Kutnik
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through reducing psychopathology, improving quality of life, and developing psychological skills (psychological flexibility, self-compassion, and ego-resiliency). The study was quasi-experimental in the form of a four-week ACT intervention; three measurements were obtained (baseline, one week after training, one month after training). It involved 60 participants divided into three groups: two criteria groups (ACT in the off-line form, N=20, ACT in the on-line form, N=20), and one control group (N=20). The results showed a significant improvement in the area of quality of life and the level of psychological skills among parents participating in the ACT training, and this improvement was maintained both a week and a month after the end of the training. The form of participation in the training did not differentiate the groups, which may indicate their equivalence. In addition, significant intergroup differences were shown between participants from the criterion groups and those from the control group, as the subjects who did not participate in the training were characterized by lower quality of life and lower level of psychological skills, and higher intensity of psychopathological symptoms. The results can be used both in designing further scientific research and in clinical practice, especially in the psychological care of families of persons diagnosed with ASD, with special focus on the area of developing psychological skills and the use of short-term therapeutic methods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Pyszkowska
1
Małgorzata Ewa Górnik-Durose
1

  1. University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

The presented article consists of two studies (correlation and experimental) on the importance of self-esteem for the perceived value added by a brand to a consumer’s self-image. Both studies were conducted online, using the snowball method, controlling for participants’ gender and product categories. The correlation study showed that consumers, with an increase in self-esteem understood as a trait, look for more positive traits in brands and fewer negative traits to incorporate into their self-image by purchasing the brand. In addition, they confirmed that brand preference is mainly related to the qualities possessed, which the consumer can confirm by purchasing the brand. The experimental study showed that people with lowered self-esteem perceive more positive traits in brands that they can incorporate into their self-image by purchasing the brand, and there were no differences in confirming positive traits and avoiding negative traits that are associated with the brand. The new measurement of the perceived value of a brand to a consumer’s self- image, used, allowed the identification of specific areas of brand image sensitive to a consumer’s self-esteem.
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Authors and Affiliations

Paweł Krasa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleg Gorbaniuk
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Kolańska-Stronka
4
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Czarnecka
4
Kinga Czyż
1
Tomasz Karski
1
Agnieszka Krajewska
Paweł Pamuła
1
Dajana Synowiec
1

  1. John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
  2. Institute of Psychology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
  3. Casimir Pulaski University of Radom, Radom, Poland
  4. University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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Abstract

Background. For many years virtual reality (VR) has been used to support therapy in many clinical contexts. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of VR as an intervention to reduce distress and increase patient comfort during chemotherapy. Participants and Procedure. Twenty-six adult patients of the Haematology Clinic participated in the between-group design study. The experimental group used a VR application during three chemotherapy sessions, while the control group underwent treatment as usual.
Participants' task in VR was to locate and destroy cancer cells using drug particles emitted from a virtual weapon. Several self-report measures were used, measuring attitudes towards the chemotherapy session, experiences during the session, items related to using visualization techniques, and questions related to evaluating the VR application.
Results. We found a significant difference between groups regarding the experience of the session. Participants in the experimental group reported more sense of control over the treatment process, higher levels of physical comfort, and relaxation. We discuss the implications of these results in various contexts, including gender differences, age, and time between chemotherapy sessions.
Conclusions. Virtual Reality applications can effectively influence the experience of the chemotherapy session positively. Its use can also affect the psychological aspects of a patient's treatment process.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Piskorz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Czub
1
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Mróz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jarosław Drapała
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Wroclaw, Poland
  2. Politechnika Wrocławska, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

The Klein et al. Unidimensional Target neutral (K.U.T.) commitment measure is a promising short self-report measure forming a counterpoint to the popular multidimensional approach to the assessment of commitment. The goals of the present study were to examine the construct reliability, convergent, discriminant, an incremental validity; and the measurement invariance (sex, education, job position) of the Polish version of K.U.T. The scale was evaluated using a sample of adults working for Polish organizations. Confirmatory factor analyses confirm original structure of the K.U.T.-PL and its measurement reliability and validity. Moreover, performed analysis showed that K.U.T.-PL was invariant across sex, education, and job position group. In conclusion, the findings confirm that the Polish adaptation of the K.U.T. presents solid psychometric properties and initial evidence of validity.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Turek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Wojtczuk-Turek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Howard J. Klein
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. SGH Warsaw School of Economics, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Fisher College of Business, The Ohio State University, Columbus, United States
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Abstract

Background: The phenomenon of accumulating tasks, characteristic of emerging adulthood, intensifies perceived stress and stimulates coping activity. The nature and intensity of the coping strategies used to deal with challenges can affect mental health in emerging adulthood. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between coping strategies and mental health in a group of emerging adults- students in higher education.
Methods: The study included 390 emerging adults, students in higher education. Coping strategies were measured with the COPE Questionnaire and information on mental health was called using the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation was used to assess the factor structure of the variables and structural equation modeling was used to test the hypotheses.
Results: The data mostly confirmed the hypotheses. Avoidance strategies turned out to be the strongest predictor of mental health, specifically negative mental health outcomes. Problem-focused strategies were a stronger predictor of quality of life than emotion-focused and support-seeking strategies. Emotion-focused strategies did not predict depression. Coping strategies, especially avoidance strategies, play a crucial role in mental health during emerging adulthood.
Conclusions: Learning to cope enables students to deal with difficult tasks and challenges of this period more effectively, and minimizes their risk of depression, and increases their life satisfaction.
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Authors and Affiliations

Karol Konaszewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Niesiobędzka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Kolemba
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Bialystok, Faculty of Education, Poland
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Abstract

Four types of self-standards (ideal, ought, undesired, and forbidden selves) were analyzed in the context of self-assessed health of older adults. We focused on the relationships between self-discrepancies (perceived actualization of self-standards) and affect, as well as the content of self-descriptions of standards. Participants (116 Polish older adults) completed: Self Standards’ Measure (SSM), PANAS-X and 7 items from the WHOQOL-BREF. First, we found that self-assessed health moderates the effects of self-discrepancies on affect. The ideal and ought self-discrepancies predicted affect when health was assessed as good. Conversely, the undesired and forbidden self-discrepancies predicted affect when health was assessed as poor. Second, health-related content was more typical for the ideal than for the ought standards. Third, older adults who assessed their health better had fewer health-related standards. The results are discussed with reference to control theory of approach and avoidance.

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Authors and Affiliations

Wacław Bąk
Donat N. Dutkiewicz
Jan Kutnik
ORCID: ORCID
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Abstract

Hope is often treated as a priceless human value anchored in goal-related cognitions. The experiment aimed to investigate whether current hopeful thinking is related to problem-solving performance and how induced goal-oriented thinking influences this problem-solving process. Participants (N = 410) were asked to recall and describe their successful or unsuccessful goal pursuit and complete a scale assessing current hopeful thinking. Subsequently, participants were instructed to (1) think about actions that would be taken to solve the societal problem (i.e., an insufficient number of volunteers in Social Welfare Centers) and (2) describe these actions. In general, people who recalled successful events felt more hopeful than those who recalled unsuccessful events. State Hope was positively correlated with both the quantity (i.e., the total number of solutions) and quality (i.e., usefulness) of participants’ offered solutions. No interaction between State Hope and type of conditions with solution quantity or solution quality was found. State hope, however, interacted with the type of recalled goal pursuit when sex differences were considered. More hopeful women had a better solution quality when they recalled an unsuccessful goal pursuit. For men, a similar pattern was found when they recalled a successful goal pursuit. Lastly, the findings were discussed in light of Snyder’s Theory of Hope.
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Authors and Affiliations

Weronika Daria Trzmielewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Rak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Szymon Wrześniowski
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Pontifical University of John Paul II, Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

The concept of body image can be considered on many levels, but constant is the fact that it is a mental image: of the size, shape, and form of one’s own body, influencing one’s overall self-image. Previous multifaceted research shows that perceptions of body image can be influenced among other things by physical activity or personality. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between body image perception and personality, considering individuals who regularly practice physical activity (N= 104). The following research tools were used: IPIP- BFM-20, Body Esteem Scale and a questionnaire consisting of questions allowing for the respondents’ characterization. Analysis of the collected data revealed that almost half of the respondents are currently dissatisfied with their body image. It was also noted that those who were satisfied with their body image scored statistically significantly higher on two of the five personality traits measured: Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The results obtained showing the relationship between personality and body image perception are consistent with previous studies in which the type of physical activity and its frequency were not examined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktoria Kujawa
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Zabiegliński
1
Dagmara Budnik-Przybylska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Abstract

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the influence of the Internet and media resources is growing and there is a tendency to develop virtual personalities that have little to do with reality and show the features of an antisocial person. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying aspects and characteristics of a network personality that is influenced by modern media resources. The leading methods of studying this problem are methods of analysis, deduction and classification, which will help to recognize the most basic aspects of the figurative-visual transformation of a person on the Internet, show the results of the influence of social networks on a person and demonstrate the changes that a person is exposed to in the Internet space. The article reveals and substantiates the features and aspects that are distinctive for an individual in the Internet society, negative and positive characteristics of Internet users. The author substantiates the daily interactivity of social media. Also, the most relevant and influential forms of network interaction are shown and the frequency of their use is analysed. The materials of the article are of practical value for students, teenagers, youth, parents, future teachers who should know the aspect of the manifestation of personality transformation in the Internet space.
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Authors and Affiliations

Elissa Bagayeva
1

  1. Individual Entrepreneur Bagayeva Elissa Petrovna, Otegen Batyr, Republic of Kazakhstan
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Abstract

The need for innovative approaches to the training of future teachers is determined by the renewal and creation of the content of the educational process in higher education institutions, taking into account the creative development of the individual. Unfortunately, the traditional methods and forms of teaching used in higher education do not provide full and continuous effectiveness of professional training of future teachers. While the specialists of the new formation are required to acquire thorough professional knowledge and skills, a high level of intellectual development and civic position, the ability to constant personal and professional self-improvement. The purpose of the study is to reveal the essence of the creative potential of future teachers as a mental basis for professional self-improvement of high school teachers and experimental analysis of the components of the creative potential of future teachers, the study of teachers’ attitudes to professional development. Based on the results of the research, the criteria and indicators of the formation of the creative potential of future teachers were determined; developed diagnostic and methodological tools for certain criteria and indicators. Psychological and pedagogical diagnostics were carried out to differentiate the levels of formation of the creative potential of students of pedagogical specialties.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sofiia O. Dovbnia
1
Nataliia I. Melnyk
2
Raisa A. Shulyhina
1
Nataliia V. Andrushchenko
2
Yuliia M. Kosenko
3

  1. National Pedagogical Dragomanov University, Ukraine
  2. National Aviation University, Ukraine
  3. South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky, Ukraine
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Abstract

Currently the recidivism rate in Ukraine. This indicates failure to achieve the goal of punishment – correction of the convict. The purpose of the article is to research the problems of resocialization of convicts, taking into consideration the psychological characteristics of the person serving the sentence. The subject of research: the subject of research is the resocialization of convicts. The following scientific methods were used to study the international experience of resocialization of convicts, to prove the hypotheses, to formulate conclusions: dialectical method, monographic method, logical method, comparative method, generalization method, system and structural method. The results of the research: it was found out that serving a certain term of imprisonment or life imprisonment affects convicts and leads to a change in their psychology in completely different ways. It is proved that the process of resocialization should be set up during the selection of convict’s type and size of punishment (taking into account the circumstances of the case, the perpetrator personality and criminogenic risks that may contribute to recidivism), continue during punishment (using training, work and communication, and providing psychological support to overcome possible psychological crises) and finish after the release from penitentiary institutions (with control over the released, employment assistance or the provision of temporary residence).
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Authors and Affiliations

Alla Yosipiv
1
Halyna Kuzan
2
Halyna Berezhnytska
3
Oksana Boiarchuk
2
Nataliya Maslak
4

  1. Lviv State University of Internal Affairs, Lviv, Ukraine
  2. National University “Lviv Polytechnic”, Lviv, Ukraine
  3. Lviv National Agrarian University, Lviv, Ukraine
  4. Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

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