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Abstract

Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2009 to 2019, this paper empirically tests and analyzes the effects of industrial agglomeration and other important economic variables on industrial green technology innovation efficiency from the perspective of spatial statistical analysis. The results show that the efficiency of China’s industrial green innovation has not changed much during the study period, exhibiting an obvious polarization phenomenon. Moreover, the improvement of the degree of industrial agglomeration is conducive to the regional green innovation efficiency level. This means that industrial agglomeration produces effective environmental and innovation benefits. In addition, the influence coefficient of enterprise-scale is negative, indicating that for Chinese industrial enterprises, the enlargement of the production scale weakens the promotion effect of R&D activities. The influence coefficient of human capital is negative, mainly because the direct effect has a small and positive value, while the indirect effect (spillover effect) has a negative and large value, indicating that the spillover effect of human capital between regions in China is deficient.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mingran Wu
Weidong Huang

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of utilizing sodium alginate biopolymer as animmobilization carrier for laccase in the removal of indigo carmine (IC), an anionic dye. The main goal of this work was to optimize the decolourization process by selecting the appropriate immobilized enzyme dose per 1 mg of dye, as well as the process temperature. The effective immobilization of laccase using sodium alginate as a carrier was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. An analysis of the size and geometric parameters of the alginate beads was also carried out. Tests of IC decolourization using alginate-laccase beads were conducted. Applying the most effective dose of the enzyme (320 mg of enzyme/1 mg of IC) made it possible to remove 92.5% of the dye over 40 days. The optimal temperature for the IC decolourization process, using laccase immobilized on sodium alginate, was established at 30-40ºC. The obtained results indicate that laccase from Trametes versicolor immobilized on sodium alginate was capable of decolourizing the tested dye primarily based on mechanism of biocatalysis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Białowąs
1
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Kończak
1
Stanisław Chałupnik
1
Joanna Kalka
2
Magdalena Cempa
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Central Mining Institute – National Research Institute, Katowice, Poland
  2. Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering,The Silesian University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

With the increase in use and application of carbon nanomaterials and the frequent presence of fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines antibiotics in the aquatic environment, their interactions have attracted extensive attention. In this study, adsorption of two antibiotics: oxytetracycline (OTC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by four carbon-based nanomaterials (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, multiwalled carbon-nanotubes, oxidized multiwalled carbon-nanotubes) affected by pH was investigated. The experiment was performed in two steps: (i) adsorption of OTC and CIP at different pH values, (ii) adsorption isotherm studies of both antibiotics on four carbon-based nanomaterials. Both steps were conducted using the batch equilibration technique. The results showed that the adsorption of both antibiotics on studied adsorbents was highly pH-dependent. The highest adsorption was obtained at pH 7.0, implying the importance of the zwitterionic antibiotics forms to adsorption. Antibiotics adsorption isotherms at three given pH values followed the order of pH 7.0 > 1.0 > 11.0, which confirmed zwitterionic species of OTC and CIP as having the greatest ability to adsorb on carbonaceous nanomaterials. Electrostatic interaction, π-π EDA interaction, hydrophobic interaction for both antibiotics, and additionally hydrogen bond for CIP were possible mechanisms responsible for OTC and CIP adsorption onto studied nanomaterials. These results should be important to understand and assess the fate and interaction of carbon-based nanomaterials in the aquatic environment. This study can also be important for the use of carbon nanomaterials to remove antibiotics from the environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Filip Gamoń
1
Mariusz Tomaszewski
1
Grzegorz Cema
1
Aleksandra Ziembińska-Buczyńska
1

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Gliwice, Poland
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Abstract

Artificial water reservoirs pose impact on the natural environment. Impact of the artificial Czorsztyn Lake on groundwater and land management is assessed. The study is based on long-term observations of chemistry, groundwater levels and spring discharges during reservoir construction, filling, and 25-year-long exploitation. Land management changes caused by reservoir construction were recognized using remote sensing. Reservoir construction resulted in land management change in the study area. Built-up and forest areas gained prevalence over farmland areas. Two types of groundwater dominate: HCO3–Ca and HCO3–Ca–Mg, both before reservoir filling (68% analyses) and afterwards (95% analyses), and in control analyses from September 2020 (100% analyses). Gradual decrease in the occurrence of water types with the sulphate ion exceeding 20% mvals is documented, which points to water quality improvement trends. Moreover, changes of water saturation index values with regard to aquifer-forming mineral phases during reservoir construction and early exploitation phasei ndicate hydrochemical modifications. Decrease of groundwater level was related with transformation of the Dunajec river valley during reservoir construction and, accordingly, decrease of regional drainage base level. Groundwater level increased after reservoir filling, which points to coupled impact of the reservoir and increased precipitation recharge. Construction of the Czorsztyn Lake resulted in gradual land management transformation from farmlands into tourist-recreational areas. This change and river valley flooding by surface waters did not cause significant modifications in groundwater quantity and quality. Organization of water-sewage management related with reservoir construction resulted in noticeably improved quality trends.
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Authors and Affiliations

Włodzimierz Humnicki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Krogulec
1
Jerzy Małecki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marzena Szostakiewicz-Hołownia
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Wojdalska
1
Daniel Zaszewski
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The article presents the results of research aimed at determining the catchment areas that pose a risk of nitrogen pollution of the waters of the Mała Panew river. The research was carried out in 13 permanent monitoring points located on the Mała Panew. The location of the points ensured the representativeness of the water quality results for parts of the catchment area with a homogeneous type of land use. Concentrations of nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) were determined in the samples taken. The content of (NO3-N) in the third quarter of the year and its relation to the value obtained for the first year quarter may be an indicator of the impact of agricultural activities on the quality of water in streams. In the case of agricultural catchments, the lowest concentrations of NO3-N and TN occur in the third quarter of the year and are significantly lower than in the first quarter of the year. The demonstrated seasonal variability of nitrate nitrogen concentrations in agriculturally used areas may be used to determine the type of pressure not allowing to achieve good water status in the surface water body. It was shown that the highest unit increments occurred in areas with a high proportion of forest.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aleksandra Steinhoff-Wrześniewska
1
Maria Strzelczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marek Helis
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Paszkiewicz-Jasińska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Gruss
2
Krzysztof Pulikowski
2
Witold Skorulski
3

  1. Institute of Technology and Life Science – National Research Institute
  2. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences
  3. ART Strefa Witold Skorulski
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Abstract

The increasing demand for noble metals boosts their price. In order to meet the increasing demand for elements, a number of technologies are being developed to recover elements already present in the environment.Traffic-related metal pollution is a serious worldwide concern. Roadside soils are constantly subjected to the deposition of metals released by tailpipe gases, vehicle parts, and road infrastructure components. These metals,especially platinum group elements from catalytic converters, accumulating in the soil pose a risk both for agricultural and residential areas. Phytomining is suggested as a novel technology to obtain platinum group metals from plants grown on the contaminated soil, rock, or on mine wastes. Interest in this method is growing as interest in the recovery of rare metals is also increasing. Based on the research of many authors, the sources and amounts of noble metals that accumulate in soil along communication routes have been presented. The paper presents also plants that can be used for phytomining.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Gawroński
1
Grzegorz Łutczyk
2
Wiesław Szulc
1
Beata Rutkowska
1

  1. Szkoła Główna Gospodarstwa Wiejskiego w Warszawie, Poland
  2. Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad, Poland
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Abstract

Soil contamination with hydrocarbons represents a worldwide problem, especially for oil-rich countries.Soil contamination becomes inevitable due to different accidents, aboveground spills, and leakage, threatening the fauna and flora. The purpose of this study is to remediate One-year aged contaminated soil with crude oil (23490 mg/kg) using the fluidization technique in a laboratory-scale column. Free water and surfactant solutions were used for washing at different operating conditions. The efficiency of the method was evaluated by the calculation of the total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) removal ratio. Without the addition of surfactant, the cleaning operation was not sufficiently efficient, especially at room temperature where the removal ratio was only about 18%. Raising the liquid temperature leads to some improvement where the TPH removal ratio reached 49% at 50°C. With the use of solutions containing Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) as a surfactant, an important enhancement of removal ratio was noted, along with an important reduction in operating time, washing solution volume, and energy consumption. The use of alternatively working/stopping operation mode contributes to the improvement of efficiency. TPH removal ratios up to 99% were obtained under some favorable conditions. This research shows encouraging results for expanding towards the industrial level with clean and sustainable resources
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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammed Aouf
1
ORCID: ORCID
Salah Dounit
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Laboratory of Génie des Procédés, Faculty of Applied Sscience, Kasdi Merbah University, Algeria
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Abstract

Livestock production is the basis of global food production and it is a serious threat to the environment. Significant environmental pollutants are odors and ammonia (NH3) emitted from livestock buildings. The aim of the study was to determine the concentration and emission factors of ammonia and odors, in the summer season, from a deep-litter fattening house. The research was carried out during summer in a mechanically ventilated fattening piggery located in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. Ammonia concentrations were measured using photoacoustic spectrometer Multi Gas Monitor Innova 1312, and odor concentrations were determined by dynamic olfactometry according to EN 13725:2003 using a TO 8 olfactometer. The NH3 emission factors from the studied piggery, in summer, ranged from 8.53 to 21.71 g·day-1·pig-1, (mean value 12.54±4.89 g·day-1·pig-1). Factors related to kg of body mass were from 0.11 to 0.23 g·day-1·kg b.m.-1 (mean value 0.17±0.06 g·day-1·kg b.m.-1). Odor concentrations in the studied piggery were from 755 to 11775 ouE·m-3 and they were diversified (coefficient of variation 43.8%). The mean value of the momentary odor emission factors was 179.5±78.7 ouE·s-1·pig-1. Factor related to kg of body mass was 2.27±1.71 ouE·s-1·kg b.m.-1. In Poland and many other countries, the litter systems of pigs housing are still very popular. Therefore, there is a need to monitor the pollutant emissions from such buildings to identify the factors influencing the amount of this emission. Another important issue is to verify whether the reduction techniques, giving a measurable effect in laboratory research, bring the same reduction effect in production
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Authors and Affiliations

Paulina Mielcarek-Bocheńska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Rzeźnik
2

  1. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences-National Research Institute, Poland
  2. Poznan University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The chemical composition of bulk deposition is an important aspect of assessing ambient air pollution. It contributes significantly to the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere and their transfer to other ecosystems. Thus, it is a reliable determinant of environmental chemistry. Therefore, bulk deposition can be considered useful for tracking the migration path of substances from different sources. The aim of the study carried out at five measurement points in Zabrze and Bytom was to assess the content of selected physico-chemical parameters in bulk deposition. Samples were collected continuously from November 2019 to November 2020. In the collected samples the following were determined: COD, pH, conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, inorganic carbon and total carbon; inorganic anions (Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, Br-, PO43-) and cations (Li+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, K+, NH4+), metals and metalloids (Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Fe), and carboxylic acids (formic, acetic, oxalic). The obtained test results were statistically processed using Excel, and the normality of data distribution was verified by Shapiro-Wilk test. The results show that pollutants transported in the atmosphere and introduced with precipitation in the Zabrze and Bytom areas are a significant source of area pollution of the region.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rajmund Michalski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paulina Pecyna-Utylska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
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Abstract

Hassi Messaoud oil field is one of the most important fields in Algeria and the world, because it covers an important quantity of total Crude Oil Production in Algeria. Furthermore, two-thirds of this oil field is underexplored or not explored. Therefore, the drilling process of petroleum wells in this field is a continuous process that results in significant drilling waste. This implies that enormous noxious quantities of drilling waste are produced daily that require treatment via solidification/stabilization (S/S) process before being landfilled. These types of wastes have pollution concentration that significantly exceeds the safety standards. In this study, we focus on the factors affecting the solidification/stabilization treatment of the drill cuttings obtained from Hassi Messaoud oil field and the process optimization. The solidification/stabilization is performed using the cement as binder, and sand, silicate, organophilic clay and activated carbon as additives.The study has been divided into two steps: (i) Determining the optimum ratio of each element used in the S/S process for the organic element (hydrocarbon) elimination, (ii) Combining the optimum ratios found in the previous step to determine the optimal mixture. The obtained results in the first step showed that the optimum ratio for the cement-to-drill cuttings mass ratio is 0.09:1. For the additives-to-drill cuttings mass ratios are 0.04:1, 0.006:1, 0.013:1 and 0.013:1 for the sand, sodium silicate, organophilic clay and activated carbon, respectively. An optimum formula is found whose main finding shows that the hydrocarbon content of our sample is dropped from 9.40 to 1.999%. Many tests’ results such as matrix permeability, resistance to free compression and heavy metals rate before and after S/S process were investigated before landfilling. Besides that, in the light of outcomes achieved by this assessment, these harmful cuttings can be converted into a useful product that helps in reducing the environmental foot prints.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abbas Hadj Abbas
1 2
Abidi Saad Aissa
3
Mohamed Khodja
4
Farad Sagala
5 6
Messaoud Hacini
3

  1. Laboratoire de géologie du Sahara, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Route de Ghardaia BP 511 Ouargla Algérie.
  2. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary,
  3. Laboratoire de géologie du Sahara, Université Kasdi Merbah Ouargla, Route de Ghardaia BP 511 Ouargla Algérie
  4. SONATRACH/Institut Algérien du Pétrole, Avenue 1 Novembre 35000 Boumerdès, Algeria
  5. Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary
  6. Department of Energy, Minerals and Petroleum Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Mbarara, University of Science and Technology (MUST), Kihumuro Campus, Mbarara, Uganda
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Abstract

Sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants is currently a serious environmental problem, given its diversity due to the variability of time and heavy metal content. Current research on the monitoring of heavy metals is based on the determination of Pb, Cd, Hg, Ni, Zn, Cu and Cr. This makes any thallium content data difficult to access. The study estimated the degree of contamination of sewage sludge with thallium. The sludge samples came from a sewage treatment plant located in Poland. The results are presented for the total concentration of thallium and its mobile forms. These samples were analyzed by differential pulse voltammetry. The results showed that the average thallium content was 0.203 μg/g and its mobile form was 0.025 μg/g. The conducted research shows that almost 13% of thallium from sewage sludge can be gradually released into the environment.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bożena Karbowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Włodzimierz Zembrzuski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Zembrzuska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Waste management faces more and more serious challenges, especially given the growing amount of municipal waste generated in Poland and the resulting environmental impact. One of the significant environmental aspects of waste management is the emission of odorants and odors. Taking into account the odor problem, the majority of municipal waste generated is being collected as mixed waste (62% of municipal waste), which by weight contains approximately 32.7% of kitchen and garden waste. These organic fractions are mainly responsible for the emission of odor and odorants. Those substances can be emitted at every stage: from the waste collection at residential waste bins, through transport, waste storage, and transfer stations, up to various respective treatment facilities, i.e., mechanical-biological waste treatment plants, landfills, or waste incineration plants. The gathered data during the study showed that it is necessary to increase the share of different waste management methods, i.e., recycling, composting, or fermentation processes rather than landfilling to meet all necessary regulations and to fulfill provisions of the waste hierarchy. One of the actions indicated in the legal solutions is expansion, retrofitting, and construction of new sorting plants, anaerobic digestion plants, composting plants, and increase in thermal treatment capacity. Variety of different processes that could emit odors and a diversity of different odor-generating substances released from particular waste management steps should be taken into consideration when building new facilities which are suitable for waste treatment. The overall aim of the work was to characterize and summarize available knowledge about waste management system in Poland and to gather information about odor-generating substances emitted from different waste management steps and facilities, which could be a potential source of information for preparing legal solutions to reduce possible odor nuisance form broadly understood waste management.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Pawnuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Szulczyński
2
ORCID: ORCID
Emilia den Boer
1
ORCID: ORCID
Izabela Sówka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
  2. Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

Environmental risk assessment is one of the key tools in environmental engineering. This risk assessment can be qualitative or quantitative and it is based on preliminary studies i.e., baseline study for waste disposal sites. Even though the literature exists on baseline study in general, still there is a lack of guidance regarding development of a site-specific baseline study model for a waste disposal site. This study has two-fold aim, firstly, how to develop site-specific baseline study model for a selected dumping site, and secondly, how this site-specific baseline study can support the environmental engineering via mathematical risk estimation. Mahmood Booti Open Dumping Site (MBODS) is selected to demonstrate the development and application of site-specific baseline study model. This is followed by building a framework that shows how the output of the baseline study can lead to environmental engineering via mathematical risk estimation. The paper provides a mechanism of how to construct a bespoke baseline-study model that is readily useable, avoiding procurement of expensive computer software and yet smoothly connecting with the follow-on stages of the risk assessment. The work presented in this paper can be reproduced repeatedly to create site-specific baseline study models for risk assessment of other waste disposal sites in a cost-effective, consistent and cohesive manner.
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Authors and Affiliations

Asifa Alam
1
Adeel Mahmood
2
M. Nawaz Chaudhry
3
Sajid Rashid Ahmad
1
Noor Ul Safa
2
Huda Ahmed Alghamdi
4
Heba Waheeb Alhamdi
4
Rizwan Ullah
5

  1. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan
  3. Lahore Schools of Economics, Lahore, Pakistan
  4. Department of Biology, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
  5. Department of Zoology, Mirpur University of Science of Technology (MUST), Mirpur Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
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Abstract

Anaerobic digestion (AD) converts organic matter and biomass waste into biogas, making it an environmentally friendly technology to improve energy resources for a wide range of applications. Jerusalem artichoke straw (JAS) has an enriched content of cellulose and exhibits a high potential for methane production. AD-based production of methane can eff ectively utilize waste JAS. This study investigated the AD performance of JAS to explore the enhancement of methane yields by employing a Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) of response surface methodology (RSM). The overall goal was to identify the optimal levels of pretreatment factors, including HCl concentration, pretreatment time, and pretreatment temperature, for producing optimal biomethane yields from JAS. The highest value of methane production achieved was 256.33 mL g-1VS by using an optimal concentration of HCl as 0.25 M, a pretreatment time of 10 h, and a pretreatment temperature of 25°C. These results inform the future application of JAS in enhanced methane production.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yan Meng
1
Yi Li
1
Laisheng Chen
1
Rui Han
1

  1. Qinghai Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
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Abstract

The work describes the methodology and results of analysis for the consequences assessment of eruption from Cumbre Vieja volcano in Canary Islands. The preliminary analysis of dispersion of emitted pollutants was performed using Lagrangian trajectories model. To estimate long-term outcomes of eruption in terms of deposition and concentration of eruption products the Eulerian model of air dispersion was used. The model uses data from Global Forecasting System meteorological model launched at the NCEP-NOAA centre. The average concentration and deposition of sulfur compounds as well as the probability and time of the pollution cloud reaching all European capitals were examined. In 90 days a cloud of pollutants (SO2, volcanic ashes) spread over the northern hemisphere. Pollution reached Africa, North Sea and Europe. With an average emission of 15,000 tons of SO2/day, the maximum calculated deposition to the Earth’s surface reached 0.8g/m2, while overall deposition – 35 kilotons in the domain area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Mazur
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute, Poland
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Abstract

Glyphosate is an inhibitor of the shikimate pathway in plants and the most widely used broad-spectrum herbicide. Due to the abundance of its use, there exists a necessity to measure the levels both in humans and in the environment to control the nefarious outcomes of its use. The appropriateness, selectivity, and the specifi city of the employed analytical methods are crucial for the reliability of the resultant deductions when conducting biomonitoring studies on possible exposure to chemicals, whether the samples are biological or environmental in nature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the analytical techniques used to monitor glyphosate levels in human and environmental samples. A detailed web-based literature search was conducted to gather data on the analytical techniques used for glyphosate determination. The most preferred authentic samples are blood, urine, and milk. Environmental samples include plants, soil, and water. Among widely used analytical techniques used to detect glyphosate are High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Liquid Chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, Gas Chromatography – Tandem Mass Spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Depending on the sample and study, the most suitable analytical method has been selected. A critical evaluation and publication of pre-existing literature on analytical methods in glyphosate-based herbicide detection will thus aid all relevant researchers in the determination of an appropriate, selective, and specific methodology
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Authors and Affiliations

Kumsal Kocadal
1
ORCID: ORCID
Fehmi Burak Alkas
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dilek Battal
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Sahan Saygi
3

  1. Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Cyprus
  2. Mersin University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Cyprus
  3. Near East University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Turkey
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Abstract

An organobentonite modified with an amphoteric surfactant, tallow dihydroxyethyl betaine (TDHEB), was used as an adsorbent to simultaneously remove Cu(II) and phenol from wastewater. The characteristic of the organobentonite (named TDHEB-bentonite) was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectra and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. Batch tests were conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacities of TDHEB-bentonite for the two contaminants. Experiment results demonstrated that the adsorption of both contaminants is highly pH-dependent under acidic conditions. TDHEB-bentonite had about 2.0 and 5.0 times higher adsorption capacity toward Cu(II) and phenol, respectively, relative to the corresponding raw Na-bentonite. Adsorption isotherm data showed that the adsorption processes of both contaminants were well described by Freundlich model. Kinetic experiment demonstrated that both contaminants adsorption processes correlated well with pseudo-second-order model. Cu(II) had a negative impact on phenol adsorption, but not vice versa. Cu(II) was removed mainly through chelating with the organic groups (-CH2CH2OH and -COO-) of TDHEB. Otherwise, partition into the organic phase derived from the adsorbed surfactant was the primarily mechanism for phenol removal. Overall, TDHEB-bentonite was a promising adsorbent for removing Cu(II) and phenol simultaneously from wastewater.
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  67. Park, Y., Ayoko, G. A., Horváth, E., Kurdi, R., Kristof, J. & Frost, R. L. (2013). Structural characterisation and environmental application of organoclays for the removal of phenolic compounds. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 393, pp. 319-334. DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2012.10.067
  68. Qu, Y., Qin, L., Liu, X. & Yang, Y. (2020). Reasonable design and sifting of microporous carbon nanosphere-based surface molecularly imprinted polymer for selective removal of phenol from wastewater. Chemosphere, 251, 126376. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126376
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  76. Wang, G., Zhang, S., Hua, Y., Su, X., Ma, S., Wang, J., Tao, Q., Wang, Y. & Komarneni, S. (2017). Phenol and/or Zn2+ adsorption by single- or dual-cation organomontmorillonites. Applied Clay Science, 140, pp. 1-9. DOI:10.1016/j.clay.2017.01.023
  77. Yan, L., Shan, X., Wen, B. & Zhang, S. (2007). Effect of lead on the sorption of phenol onto montmorillonites and organo-montmorillonites. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 308(1), pp. 11-19. DOI:10.1016/j.jcis.2006.12.027
  78. Yang, G., Tang, L., Zeng, G., Cai, Y., Tang, J., Pang, Y., Zhou, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Zhang, S. & Xiong, W. (2015). Simultaneous removal of lead and phenol contamination from water by nitrogen-functionalized magnetic ordered mesoporous carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 259, pp. 854-864. DOI:10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.081
  79. Yoo, J., Choi, J., Lee, T. & Park, J. (2004). Organobentonite for sorption and degradation of phenol in the presence of heavy metals. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 154(1), pp. 225-237. DOI:10.1023/B:WATE.0000022970.21712.64
  80. Yu, K., Xu, J., Jiang, X., Liu, C., McCall, W. & Lu, J. (2017). Stabilization of heavy metals in soil using two organo-bentonites. Chemosphere, 184, pp.884-891. DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.040
  81. Zendelska, A., Golomeova, M., Golomeov, B. & Krstev, B. (2018). Removal of lead ions from acid aqueous solutions and acid mine drainage using zeolite bearing tuff. Archives of Environmental Protection, 44(1), pp. 87-96. DOI:10.24425/118185
  82. Zhu, R., Chen, Q., Zhou, Q., Xi, Y., Zhu, J. & He, H. (2016). Adsorbents based on montmorillonite for contaminant removal from water: A review. Applied Clay Science, 123, pp. 239-258. DOI:10.1016/j.clay.2015.12.024
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Authors and Affiliations

Xiangyang Hu
1
Bao Wang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Gengsheng Yan
1
Bizhou Ge
2

  1. PowerChina Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, China
  2. Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, China
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Abstract

Rain gardens are one of the best measures for rainfall runoff and pollutant abatement in sponge city construction. The rain garden system was designed and developed for the problem of severely impeded urban water circulation. The rain gardens monitored the rainfall runoff abatement and pollutant removal capacity for 46 sessions from January 2018 to December 2019. Based on these data, the impact of rain gardens on runoff abatement rate and pollutant removal rate was studied. The results obtained indicated that the rain garden on the runoff abatement rate reached 82.5%, except with extreme rainfall, all fields of rainfall can be effectively abated. The removal rate of suspended solid particles was the highest, followed by total nitrogen and total phosphorus, the total removal rate in 66.35% above. The rain garden is still in the “youth stage”, and all aspects of the operation effect are good.
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Authors and Affiliations

Weijia Liu
1
Qingbao Pei
2
Wenbiao Dong
2
Pengfan Chen
2

  1. East China University of Technology, Nanchang, China
  2. Nanchang Institute of Technology Poyang Lake Basin Water Engineering Safety and Efficient Utilization National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Nanchang, China
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Abstract

Pollution continues to experience a rapid increase so cities in the world have required the use of renewable energy. One of the keys that can prevent climate change with a sustainable system is renewable energy. Renewable energy production, especially for hybrid systems from biomass and wind, is the objective of the analysis in this work. The potential of feedstock for different biofuels such as bio-diesel, bio-ethanol, bio-methane, bio-hydrogen, and biomass is also discussed in this paper. The sustainability of the energy system for the long term is the main focus of work in this investigation. The configuration of the hybrid system between biomass energy and wind energy as well as some problems from various design factors are also presented. Based on the findings, this alternative energy utilization through biomass-based hybrids can save costs and improve environmental conditions, especially for the electrification of off-grid rural areas. This paper will provide important information to policymakers, academics, and investors, especially in carrying out the development and factors related to the utilization of wind-biomass-based hybrid energy systems.
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Authors and Affiliations

E. Erdiwansyah
ORCID: ORCID
Asri Gani
1 5
ORCID: ORCID
Rizalman Mamat
2
M. Mahidin
ORCID: ORCID
K. Sudhakar
3
ORCID: ORCID
S.M. Rosdi
4
Husni Husin
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  2. College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia
  3. Energy Centre, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
  4. Politeknik Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu
  5. Research Center of Palm Oil and Coconut, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Indonesia
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Abstract

The linuron contaminated soil was subjected to remediation using ozone as an oxidant. The experiments were performed both in laboratory and pilot plant installations. Kinetics of linuron degradation was determined for both systems. Moreover, main linuron metabolites were identified, and possible degradation pathway was proposed. The soil remediation was found to be successful, which was verified by chemical and biological tests. The half-life time of linuron in the pilot scale installation was no more than 7.5 h. To verify the efficiency of soil detoxification, a toxicity test was performed, which utilized Eisenia foetida earthworm. The test organisms were exposed for 14 days to the linuron contaminated soil prior and after the remediation procedure. It was observed that in the control group and the group of organisms exposed to the ozonated soil, the survivability was 100%, whereas the earthworms exposed to the linuron contaminated soil that was not ozonated did not survive at all.
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Authors and Affiliations

Radosław Józefczyk
1
Piotr Antos
2
Marcin Pieniążek
1
Maciej Balawejder
1

  1. University of Rzeszów, Poland
  2. Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of the study is to present the FAPPS (Forecasting of Air Pollution Propagation System) based on the CALPUFF puff dispersion model, used for short-term air quality forecasting in Krakow and Lesser Poland. The article presents two methods of operational air quality forecasting in Krakow. The quality of forecasts was assessed on the basis of PM10 concentrations measured at eight air quality monitoring stations in 2019 in Krakow. Apart from the standard quantitative forecast, a qualitative forecast was presented, specifying the percentage shares of the city area with PM10 concentrations in six concentration classes. For both methods, it was shown how the adjustment of the emissions in the FAPPS system to changes in emissions related to the systemic elimination of coal furnaces in Krakow influenced the quality of forecasts. For standard forecasts, after the emission change on June 7, 2019, the average RMSE value decreased from 23.9 μg/m3 to 14.9 μg/m3, the average FB value changed from -0.200 to -0.063, and the share of correct forecasts increased from 0.74 to 0.91. For qualitative forecasts, for the entire year 2019 and separately for the periods from January to March and October to December, Hit Rate values of 5.43, 2.18 and 3.48 were obtained, the False Alarm Ratios were 0.28, 0.24 and 0,26, and the Probability of Detection values were 0.66, 0.75, and 0.74. The presented results show that the FAPPS system is a useful tool for modelling air pollution in urbanized and industrialized areas with complex terrain
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Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Godłowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kamil Kaszowski
1
Wiesław Kaszowski
1

  1. Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute, Poland
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Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are significant pollutants found in petroleum products. There is ample literature on the biodegradation of PAHs containing less than five rings, but little has been done on those with more than five rings. Coronene (CRN), a seven-ring-containing PAH, has only been shown to be degraded by one bacterial strain. In this study, a bacterial strain 10SCRN4D was isolated through enrichment in the presence of CRN and 10% NaCl (w/v). Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene identified the strain as Halomonas caseinilytica. The strain was able to degrade CRN in media containing 16.5–165 μM CRN with a doubling time of 9–16 hours and grew in a wide range of salinity (0.5–10%, w/v) and temperature (30–50°C) with optimum conditions of pH 7, salinity 0.5%–10% (w/v), and temperature 37°C. Over 20 days, almost 35% of 16.5 μM CRN was degraded, reaching 76% degradation after 80 days as measured by gas chromatography. The strain was also able to degrade smaller molecular weight PAHs such as benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene, and phenanthrene. This is the first report of Halomonas caseinilytica degrading CRN as the sole carbon source in high salinity, and thus highlights the potential of this strain in bioremediation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ajibola H. Okeyode
1
Assad Al-Thukair
1
Basheer Chanbasha
2 3
Mazen K. Nazal
4
Emmanuel Afuecheta
5 6
Musa M. Musa
2 7
ORCID: ORCID
Shahad Algarni
1
Alexis Nzila
1 3

  1. Department of Bioengineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals Dhahran, Saudi Arabia,
  2. Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
  3. Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University ofPetroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
  4. Applied Research Center for Environment and Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd Universityof Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
  5. Departments of Mathematics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, SaudiArabia
  6. Interdisciplinary Research Center for Finance and Digital Economy, KFUPM, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
  7. Interdisciplinary Research Center for Refining and Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University ofPetroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract

The very high need for personal protective equipment (PPE) impacts the waste generated after using these tools. Therefore, to deal with mask waste during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was carried out on the processing of mask waste using a thermal process and studied how the potential of this process was for the effectiveness of mask waste processing during the pandemic. This research was conducted on Honeymoon Beach by collecting data on mask waste generated during the pandemic, then measuring the waste proximate, ultimate, and calorific value and testing the thermal process using TGA and Piro GC-MS measurements. Most waste masks found on Honeymoon Beach are non-reusable masks, 94.74%, while reusable masks are 5.26%. The waste is then subjected to thermal processing and analysis using TGA and Piro GC-MS. Based on the data obtained, the thermal process can reduce the mass of non-reusable and reusable mask samples by 99.236% and 88.401%, respectively.The results of the Piro GC-MS analysis show that the lit mask waste will produce fragments of compounds that can be reused as fuel. The process is simple and easy and produces residues that can be reused to reduce environmental pollution due to waste generation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mega Mutiara Sari
1
Takanobu Inoue
2
Iva Yenis Septiariva
3
I Wayan Koko Suryawan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shigeru Kato
2
Regil Kentaurus Harryes
4
Kuriko Yokota
2
Suprihanto Notodarmojo
5
Sapta Suhardono
6
Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
7

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
  2. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
  3. Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Study Program of Civil Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  4. Faculty of Vocational Studies, Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia
  5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Technologi Bandung, Indonesia
  6. Department of Environmental Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret., Surakarta Central Java, Indonesia
  7. Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia
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Abstract

The aim of the study was optimization of antimony speciation methodology in soils in areas subjected to industrial anthropopressure from traffic, metallurgy and recycling of electrowaste (e-waste) sources. Antimony speciation was carried out using the hyphenated HPLC-ICP-MS (High-Performance Liquid Chromatography- Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry) technique for the determination of antimony species ((Sb(III), Sb(V), SbMe3). The extraction and determination of antimony species in soil was optimized and validated, taking into account the matrix effects. The best results in antimony extraction from soils were obtained using a mixture of 100 mM citric acid and 20 mM Na2EDTA. Ions were successfully separated in 6 minutes on Hamilton PRPX100 column with 0.11 μg/L, 0.16 μg/L, 0.43 μg/L limit of detection for Sb(III), Sb(V), SbMe3, respectively. The oxidized antimony form (Sb(V)) predominated in the soil samples. The reduced antimony form (Sb(III)) was present only in a few samples, characterized by the lowest pH. The methyl derivative of antimony (SbMe3) was present in the samples with the lowest redox potential from the area around WEEE (Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment) treatment plant. The methodology of extraction and determination of three antimony species in soils was developed, achieving low limits of quantification and very good recovery. The research showed a large variation in antimony content in the soils impacted by type of industrial anthroporessure. The antimony content was the highest in the area of the WEEE treatment plant, indicating this type of industrial activity as a significant source of soil contamination with antimony.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Jabłońska-Czapla
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Grygoyć
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marzena Rachwał
1

  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

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