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Abstract

Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2009 to 2019, this paper empirically tests and analyzes the effects of industrial agglomeration and other important economic variables on industrial green technology innovation efficiency from the perspective of spatial statistical analysis. The results show that the efficiency of China’s industrial green innovation has not changed much during the study period, exhibiting an obvious polarization phenomenon. Moreover, the improvement of the degree of industrial agglomeration is conducive to the regional green innovation efficiency level. This means that industrial agglomeration produces effective environmental and innovation benefits. In addition, the influence coefficient of enterprise-scale is negative, indicating that for Chinese industrial enterprises, the enlargement of the production scale weakens the promotion effect of R&D activities. The influence coefficient of human capital is negative, mainly because the direct effect has a small and positive value, while the indirect effect (spillover effect) has a negative and large value, indicating that the spillover effect of human capital between regions in China is deficient.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mingran Wu
Weidong Huang

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Abstract

Individual identification of similar communication emitters in the complex electromagnetic environment has great research value and significance in both military and civilian fields. In this paper, a feature extraction method called HVG-NTE is proposed based on the idea of system nonlinearity. The shape of the degree distribution, based on the extraction of HVG degree distribution, is quantified with NTE to improve the anti-noise performance. Then XGBoost is used to build a classifier for communication emitter identification. Our method achieves better recognition performance than the state-of-the-art technology of the transient signal data set of radio stations with the same plant, batch, and model, and is suitable for a small sample size.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ke Li
1 2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Wei Ge
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaoya Yang
1 2
Zhengrong Xu
1

  1. School of Information and Computer, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
  2. Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Beidou Precision Agriculture Information, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
  3. Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
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Abstract

Based on comprehensive interrelated mathematical and graphical-analytical models, including 3D cut layers and simulation of contact, strain, force, and thermal processes during gear hobbing friction forces, heat fluxes, and temperature on the teeth of the hob surface are investigated. Various physical phenomena are responsible for their wear: friction on contact surfaces and thermal flow. These factors act independently of each other; therefore, the worn areas are localized in different active parts of the hob. Friction causes abrasive wear and heat fluxes result in heat softening of the tool. Intense heat fluxes due to significant friction, acting on areas of limited area, lead to temperatures exceeding the critical temperature on certain edges of the high-speed cutter. Simulation results enable identification of high-temperature areas on the working surface of cutting edges, where wear is caused by various reasons, and make it possible to select different methods of hardening these surfaces. To create protective coatings with maximum heat resistance, it is advisable to use laser technologies, electro spark alloying, or plasma spraying, and for coatings that provide reduction of friction on the surfaces – formation of diamond-containing layers with minimum adhesion properties and low friction coefficient on the corresponding surfaces.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ihor Hrytsay
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vadym Stupnytskyy
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Abstract

Mass Spring Systems (MSS) are often used to simulate the behavior of deformable objects, for example in computer graphics (modeling clothes for virtual characters) or in medicine (surgical simulators that facilitate the planning of surgical operations) due to their simplicity and speed of calculation. This paper presents a new, two-parameter method (TP MSS) of determining the values of spring coefficients for this model. This approach can be distinguished by a constant parameter which is calculated once at the beginning of the simulation, and a variable parameter that must be updated at each simulation step. The value of this variable parameter depends on the shape changes of the elements forming the mesh of the simulated object. The considered mesh is built of elements in the shape of acute-angled triangles. The results obtained using the new model were compared to FEM simulations and the Van Gelder model. The simulation results for the new model were also compared with the results of the bubble inflation test.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwester Tudruj
1
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Kurec
2
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Piechna
1
ORCID: ORCID
Konrad Kamieniecki
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Warsaw, Poland
  2. Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Microvibrations are mechanical oscillations caused by components such as the reaction wheels of an attitude control system of a spacecraft. These microvibrations are transferred through the spacecraft structure onto important instruments (e.g., optical instruments), causing those to produce diminished results (e.g., reduced image quality, imprecise geolocation etc.). At the present state, microvibrations in spacecraft cannot be actively controlled because their very high frequencies of up to 1000 Hz are above the control bandwidth a current attitude control system can provide. However, being able to reduce the effects of microvibrations on a space mission is becoming increasingly more critical as the envelope of future optical satellite missions expands. Furthermore, the advancements made in the performance of small satellites as well as the growing interest in laser and quantum communication call for a cost-efficient solution for managing microvibrations. This paper describes how cheap MEMS-based measurement systems have already proven that they are a potential solution. Showing high sensitivity and low-noise performance while allowing fast and easy prototyping.
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Authors and Affiliations

Antonio Garcia
1
Tim Gust
1
Enes Basata
1
Tim Gersting
1
Michal Deka
1
Sven Thiele
1
Mohammad Salah
1
Matias Bestard Koerner
2
Torben Runte
3
Miguel Gonzalez
3

  1. City University of Applied Sciences Bremen, Institute of Aerospace Technologies, Bremen, Germany
  2. German Aerospace Center – DLR, Institute of Space Systems. Guidance, Navigation and Control Systems. Bremen, Germany
  3. OHB System AG, Bremen, Germany
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Abstract

The article aims at assessing the influence of the drill bit material on the bearing strength of holes made in glass fabric reinforced epoxy composite. Six twists made of widely used drill materials such as high speed steels and carbides in different configurations were selected to drill holes in the composite. In the first stage of the work, optimum drilling parameters were selected and then used for drilling holes in specimens tested in single lap shear experiments. For each tested specimen two different delamination factors, one based on the delamination area and another - on its diameter, were calculated in order to assess the quality of the holes and then compared to the results of the bearing strength experiments. The results of the bearing tests showed that the highest strength was achieved for the high speed steel drill with titanium coating while the lowest for the cemented carbide drill. This finding is in opposition to the majority of results reported in literature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Galińska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Bearings are one of the pivotal parts of rotating machines. The health of a bearing is responsible for the hassle-free operation of a machine. As vibration signatures give intimations of machine failure at an earlier stage, mostly vibration-based condition monitoring is used to monitor bearing’s health for avoiding the risk of failure. In this work, a simulation-based approach is adopted to identify surface defects at ball bearing raceways. The vibration data in time and frequency domain is captured by FFT analyzer from an experimental setup. The time frequency domain conversion of a raw time domain data was carried out by wavelet packet transform, as it takes into account the transients and spectral frequencies. The rotor bearing model is simulated in Ansys. Finally, most influencing statistical features were extracted by employing Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and fed to Multiclass Support Vector Machine (MSVM). To train the algorithm, the simulated data is used whereas the data acquired from FFT analyzer is used for testing. It can be concluded that the defects are characterized by Ball Pass Frequency (BPF) at inner race and outer raceway as indicated in the literature. The developed model is capable to monitor bearing’s health which gives an average accuracy of 99%.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pallavi Khaire
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Vikas Phalle
1

  1. Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Mumbai, India
  2. Fr. C. Rodrigues Institute of Technology, Navi Mumbai, India
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Abstract

To reduce the recoil and improve the stability of small arms, a muzzle brake compensator is attached to the muzzle of the barrel. This device uses the kinetic energy of the powder gas escaping from the bore after the bullet is fired. In this paper, the authors present the determination of the thermo-gas-dynamic model of the operation of a muzzle brake compensator and an example of calculating this type of muzzle device for the AK assault rifle using 7.62x39 mm ammunition. The results of the calculation allowed for obtaining the parameters of the powder gas flow in the process of flowing out of the muzzle device, as well as the change in the momentum of the powder gas's impact on the muzzle device. The model proposed in the article provides the basis for a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of using the muzzle device in stabilizing infantry weapons when firing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dung Van Nguyen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Viet Quy Bui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dung Thai Nguyen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Quyen Si Uong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hieu Tu Truong
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Special Equipment, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Abstract

The Pump As Turbine (PAT) is an important technology for low-cost micro-hydropower and energy recovery, and hence the internal hydraulics of PAT needs to be clearly understood. Additionally, during its operation, the sediments in the water increase the roughness of the internal surfaces and may alter the internal hydraulics and PAT performance similar to a centrifugal pump or Francis turbine. The researchers tried hard to perform simple modifications such as impeller blade rounding to increase the efficiency of PAT. In this paper, the developed test rig is used to analyze the performance of the impeller blade rounding and is validated with a numerical model. This numerical model is further used to study the influence of impeller blade rounding and surface roughness on internal hydraulics and PAT performance. The impeller blade rounding at the most increased the PAT efficiency by 1-1.5 % at the Best efficiency point (Q=16.8 lps), mainly due to the wake reduction on the suction side and increased flow area. With increasing the surface roughness from 0-70 μm, the PAT efficiency is decreased maximum by 4 %. The efficiency was mainly reduced due to increased hydraulic losses at flow zone and disk friction losses at the non-flow zone.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rahul Gaji
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Ashish Doshi
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mukund Bade
2
ORCID: ORCID
Punit Singh
3

  1. Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and Technology, Ashta, India
  2. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, India
  3. Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Abstract

In recent years, manufacturing industries have demanded high-performance materials for structural components development due to their reduced weight, improved strength, corrosion, and moisture resistance. The outstanding performance of polymer nano-composites substitutes the use of conventional composites materials. This study is concerned with the machining of MWCNT and glass fiber-modified epoxy composites prepared by a cost-effective hand layup procedure. The investigations were carried out to estimate the generation of the thrust force (Th) and delamination factors at entry (DF entry) and exit (DF exit) side during the drilling of fiber composites. The effect of varying constraints on the machining indices was explored for obtaining an adequate quality of hole created in the epoxy nano-composites. The outcome shows that the feed rate (F) is the most critical factor influencing delamination at both entry and exit side, and the second one is the thrust force followed by wt. % of MWCNT. The statistical study shows that optimal combination of S (1650 Level-2), F (165 Level-2), and 2 wt. % of MWCNT (Level-2) can be used to minimize DF entry, DF exit, and Th. The drilling-induced damages were studied by means of a high-resolution microscopy test. The results reveal that the supplement of MWCNT substantially increases the machining efficiency of the developed nano-composites.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kuldeep Kumar
1
ORCID: ORCID
Rajesh Kumar Verma
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Materials and Morphology Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India
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Abstract

Bridge crane is exposed to dynamic loads during its non-stationary operations (acceleration and braking). Analyzing these operations, one can determine unknown impacts on the dynamic behavior of bridge crane. These impacts are taken into consideration using selected coefficients inside the dynamic model. Dynamic modelling of a bridge crane in vertical plane is performed in the operation of the hoist mechanism. The dynamic model is obtained using data from a real bridge crane system. Two cases have been analyzed: acceleration of a load freely suspended on the rope when it is lifted and acceleration of a load during the lowering process. Physical quantities that are most important for this research are the values of stress and deformation of main girders. Size of deformation at the middle point of the main crane girder is monitored and analyzed for the above-mentioned two cases. Using the values of maximum deformation, one also obtains maximum stress values in the supporting construction of the crane.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirsad Čolić
1
Nedim Pervan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Muamer Delić
1
ORCID: ORCID
Adis J. Muminović
1
ORCID: ORCID
Senad Odžak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Vahidin Hadžiabdić
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  2. Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Abstract

This article proposes a method for grinding coal based on the use of the energy of a pulsed shock wave resulting from a spark electric discharge in a liquid. The main purpose of the scientific work is the development of an electric pulse device for producing coal powder, the main component of coal-water fuel. The diameter of the initial coal fraction averaged 3 mm, and the size of the resulting product was 250 μm. To achieve this goal, the dependence of the length of a metal rod electrode (positive electrode) on the length and diameter of its insulation is investigated. Various variants of the shape of the base (bottom) of the device acting as a negative electrode are considered, and an effective variant based on the results of coal grinding is proposed. An experimental electric pulse installation is described, the degree of coal grinding is determined depending on the geometric parameters. The optimal characteristics of the obtained coal powder have been established.
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Authors and Affiliations

Igor P. Kurytnik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ayanbergen K. Khassenov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ulan B. Nussupbekov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Dana Z. Karabekova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Bekbolat R. Nussupbekov
2
ORCID: ORCID
Madina Bolatbekova
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. The Witold Pilecki State Higher School, Oświęcim, Poland
  2. E.A.Buketov University of Karaganda, Kazakhstan
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Abstract

In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode controller (ASMC) is proposed for an electromechanical clutch position control system to apply in the automated manual transmission. Transmission systems undergo changes in parameters with respect to the wide range of driving condition, such as changing in friction coefficient of clutch disc and stiffness of diaphragm spring, hence, an adaptive robust control method is required to guarantee system stability and overcome the uncertainties and disturbances. As the majority of transmission dynamics variables cannot be measured in a cost-efficient way, a non-linear estimator based on unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is designed to estimate the state valuables of the system. Also, a non-linear dynamic model of the electromechanical actuator is presented for the automated clutch system. The model is validated with experimental test results. Numerical simulation of a reference input for clutch bearing displacement is performed in computer simulation to evaluate the performance of controller and estimator. The results demonstrate the high effectiveness of the proposed controller against the conventional sliding mode controller to track precisely the desired trajectories.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abbas Soltani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Milad Arianfard
2
Reza Nakhaie Jazar
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Buin Zahra Higher Education Centre of Engineering and Technology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran
  3. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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Abstract

Biogas, a renewable fuel, has low operational stability range in burners due to its inherent carbon-dioxide content. In cross-flow configuration, biogas is injected from a horizontal injector and air is supplied in an orthogonal direction to the fuel flow. To increase the stable operating regime, backward facing steps are used. Systematic numerical simulations of these flames are reported here. The comprehensive numerical model incorporates a chemical kinetic mechanism having 25 species and 121 elementary reactions, multicomponent diffusion, variable thermo-physical properties, and optically thin approximation based volumetric radiation model. The model is able to predict different stable flame types formed behind the step under different air and fuel flow rates, comparable to experimental predictions. Predicted flow, species, and temperature fields in the flames within the stable operating regime, revealing their anchoring positions relative to the rear face of the backward facing step, which are difficult to be measured experimentally, have been presented in detail. Resultant flow field behind a backward facing step under chemically reactive condition is compared against the flow fields under isothermal and non-reactive conditions to reveal the significant change the chemical reaction produces. Effects of step height and step location relative to the fuel injector are also presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alagani Harish
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vasudevan Raghavan
1

  1. Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Abstract

The numerical solutions are obtained for rotating beams; the inclusion of centrifugal force term makes it difficult to get the analytical solutions. In this paper, we solve the free vibration problem of rotating Rayleigh beam using Chebyshev and Legendre polynomials where weak form of meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method is used. The equations which are derived for rotating beams result in stiffness matrices and the mass matrix. The orthogonal polynomials are used and results obtained with Chebyshev polynomials and Legendre polynomials are exactly the same. The results are compared with the literature and the conventional finite element method where only first seven terms of both the polynomials are considered. The first five natural frequencies and respective mode shapes are calculated. The results are accurate when compared to literature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vijay Panchore
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India
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Abstract

The aim of this research was to model the performances of energy and exergy on a Trombe wall system to enable an adequate thermal comfort. The main equations for the heat transfer mechanisms were developed from energy balances on subcomponents of the Trombe wall with the specification of the applicable initial and boundary conditions. During the incorporation of the PCM on the Trombe wall, the micro-encapsulation approach was adopted for better energy conservation and elimination of leakage for several cycling of the PCM. The charging and discharging of the PCM were equally accommodated and incorporated in the simulation program. The results of the study show that an enhanced energy storage could be achieved from solar radiation using PCM-augmented system to achieve thermal comfort in building envelope. In addition, the results correspond with those obtained from comparative studies of concrete-based and fired-brick augmented PCM Trombe wall systems, even though a higher insolation was used in the previous study.
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Authors and Affiliations

Benjamin O. Ezurike
1
ORCID: ORCID
Stephen A. Ajah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Uchenna Nwokenkwo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chukwunenye A. Okoronkwo
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mechanical/Mechatronics Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria
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Abstract

The paper presents a numerical analysis carried out to determine the influence of the ground surface fire on the strain level of shelter housing with the ground cover. It is assumed that the underground shelter is longitudinal and the fire spans on an extensive area. The area surrounding the housing was treated as a material with average constant thermodynamic values. The heating and cooling processes were described on the basis of the Fourier’s equation concerning heat conduction in consideration on material, ground and concrete heterogeneous nature. The numeric analysis was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, a quasi-stationary initial temperature distribution was sought in the ground centre and shelter shield. In the second stage of analysis, the fire effect was considered according to the time profile of temperature variation in object.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Baryłka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Centre of Construction Expertise, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

The article describes how different friction coefficients under certain cutting conditions and parameters affect the formation of the stress-strain and thermal states of the product when titanium alloy machining. A new research methodology is used for the study. Firstly, in the initial data for simulation, each time a different declared coefficient of friction is proposed, and every such task of the cutting process modelling is solved for various cutting parameters. The second stage analyzes how these coefficients influence the stress-strain and thermodynamic state of the workpiece and tool during cutting, as well as the tool wear dynamics. In the third stage of the study, ways for ensuring these analytically-grounded tribological cutting conditions are proposed. The analysis of different wear criteria in the simulation models of titanium alloys cutting is carried out. Experimental studies confirm simulation results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Vadym Stupnytskyy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xianning She
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lviv, Ukraine
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Abstract

Heat transfer augmentation has become the utmost industrial desire. Turbulence promoters seems to be a better option for better heat transfer but at the expense of enormous pressure drop. In the current study, experimental optimization of heat transfer and pressure drop in various configurations of ribbed and corrugated surfaces on the bottom wall of the Solar Air Heater channel, having aspect ratio of 26:5 was performed. The results were evaluated in terms of enhancement in heat transfer (Nu/Nu s), friction factor ratio (f/f s) and thermal performance factor ( η). Three different cases and nine configurations with a pitch to rib/corrugation height ratio of 4.0 were studied. Case A consists of a smooth, continuous square rib, inline and staggered broken ribs. Case B comprises 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° trapezoidal corrugated geometries while Case C is the comparison of smooth, wavy corrugated and the best configurations of cases A and B. The results show that rectangular duct with staggered broken ribs and trapezoidal corrugation at 45° are the best configurations for case A and B, respectively. The 45° corrugated configuration is the best one amongst all, with values of 1.53, 1.5 and 1.33% for Nu/Nu s, f/f s and η respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

Waseem Siddique
1
Aneeq Raheem
1
Muhammad Aqeel
2
Sualeh Qayyum
2
Tareq Salamen
3
Khalid Waheed
2
Kamran Qureshi
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
  2. Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
  3. Sustainable and Renewable Energy Engineering Department, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Abstract

The present theoretical study is concerned with the analysis of surface roughness effects on the steady-state performance of stepped circular hydrostatic thrust bearings lubricated with non-Newtonian fluids: Rabinowitsch fluid model. To take the effects of surface roughness into account, Christensen’s theory for rough surfaces has been adopted. The expression for pressure gradient has been derived in stochastic form employing the energy integral approach. Results for stochastic film pressure and load-carrying capacity have been plotted and analyzed based on numerical results. Due to surface roughness, significant variations in the theoretical results of these properties have been observed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Udaya P. Singh
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rajkiya Engineering College, Sonbhadra, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract

The perspective of the current analysis is to represent the incompressible viscous flow past a low permeable spheroid contained in a fictitious spheroidal cell. Stokes approximation and Darcy’s equation are adopted to govern the flow in the fluid and permeable zone, respectively. Happel’s and Kuwabara’s cell models are employed as the boundary conditions at the cell surface. At the fluid porous interface, we suppose the conditions of conservation of mass, balancing of pressure component at the permeable area with the normal stresses in the liquid area, and the slip condition, known as Beavers-Joseph-Saffman-Jones condition to be well suitable. A closed-form analytical expression for hydrodynamic drag on the bounded spheroidal particle is determined and therefore, mobility of the particle is also calculated, for both the case of a prolate as well as an oblate spheroid. Several graphs and tables are plotted to observe the dependence of normalized mobility on pertinent parameters including permeability, deformation, the volume fraction of the particle, slip parameter, and the aspect ratio. Significant results that influence the impact of the above parameters in the problem have been pointed out. Our work is validated by referring to previous results available in literature as reduction cases.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tina Bucha
1
ORCID: ORCID
Madasu Krishna Prasad
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
  2. Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Raipur-492010, Chhattisgarh, India
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Abstract

Operating cranes is challenging because payloads can experience large and dangerous oscillations. Anti-sway control of crane payload can be approached by the active methods, such as feedback control, or passive methods. The feedback control uses the feedback measurement of swing vibration to produce the command sent to a motor. The feedback control shows good effectiveness, but conflict with the actions of the human operator is a challenge of this method. The passive method uses the spring-damper to dissipate energy. The passive method does not cause conflict with the human operator but has limited performance. This paper presents the combination of two methods to overcome the disadvantages of each separate one. The passive method is used to improve the efficiency of the feedback method to avoid conflicts with the human operator. The effectiveness of the combination is simulated in a 2D crane model.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

Trong Kien Nguyen
1

  1. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vinh University, Vinh City, Nghe An, Vietnam
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Abstract

Different configurations of journal bearings have been extensively used in turbomachinery and power generating equipment. Three-lobe bearing is used due to its lower film temperature and stable operation. In this study, static performance of such a bearing has been investigated at different eccentricity ratios considering lubricant compressibility and variable viscosity. The effect of variable viscosity was considered by taking the viscosity as a function of the oil film thickness while Dowson model is used to consider the effect of lubricant compressibility. The effect of such parameters was considered to compute the oil film pressure, load-carrying capacity, attitude angle and oil side leakage for a bearing working at (ε from 0.6 to 0.8) and (viscosity coefficient from 0 to 1). The mathematical model as well as the computer program prepared to solve the governing equations were validated by comparing the pressure distribution obtained in the present work with that obtained by EL-Said et al. A good agreement between the results has been observed with maximum deviation of 3%. The obtained results indicate a decrease in oil film pressure and load-carrying capacity with the higher values of viscosity coefficient while the oil compressibility has a little effect on such parameters.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mushrek A. Mahdi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Basim Ajeel Abbas
2

  1. University of Babylon, College of Engineering/Al-Musayab, Automobile Engineering Department, Babylon, Iraq
  2. University of Babylon, College of Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Babylon, Iraq
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Abstract

Although the terrestrial marginal zones of some glaciers on Spitsbergen are relatively well described, we are largely ignorant about the morphology of their submarine forefields. Initial reconnaissance of the forefields of the Aavatsmark and Dahl glaciers in the Kaffiøyra region and soundings made in that of the Hans Glacier (southern Spitsbergen ) indicate the occurrence of sea-floor push-moraines which can be as much as 3 m high. Their lateral separation is considered to denote annual recession rates. They appear to result from cyclical annual advances of ice-cliffs during winters when the deposits are risen up at the contact of the ice with the sea-floor. The development of the major forms may be related to surge. There is some evidence that certain elements in the sea-bed morphology date from the Little Ice Age (LIA).

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Grześ
Michał Król
Ireneusz Sobota

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