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Semiquantum authentication of users resistant to multisession attacks

Piotr Zawadzki
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 4 | e137729 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137729
Keywords quantum cryptography quantum identity authentication semi-quantum communication
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Abstract

User authentication is an essential element of any communication system. The paper investigates the vulnerability of the recently published first semiquantum identity authentication protocol (Quantum Information Processing 18: 197, 2019) to the introduced herein multisession attacks. The impersonation of the legitimate parties by a proper combination of phishing techniques is demonstrated. The improved version that closes the identified loophole is also introduced
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Zawadzki
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Telecommunications and Teleinformatics, Silesian University of Technology, ul. Akademicka 2A, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Anisotropy of structural and mechanical properties in CuCrZr alloy following hydrostatic extrusion process

Sylwia Przybysz Mariusz Kulczyk Jacek Skiba Monika Skorupska
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2022 | 70 | No. 4 | e141725 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.141725
Keywords hydrostatic extrusion anisotropy mechanical properties CuCrZr alloy
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Abstract

The methods of severe plastic deformation (SPD) of metals and metal alloys are very attractive due to the possibility of refinement of the grains to nanometric sizes, which facilitates obtaining high mechanical properties. This study investigated the influence of SPD in the process of hydrostatic extrusion (HE) on the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the CuCrZr copper alloy. The method of HE leads to the formation of a characteristic microstructure in deformed materials, which can determine their potential applications. On the longitudinal sections of the extruded bars, a strong morphological texture is observed, manifested by elongated grains in the direction of extrusion. In the transverse direction, these grains are visible as equiaxed. The anisotropy of properties was mainly determined based on the analysis of the static mini-sample static tensile test and the dynamic impact test. The obtained results were correlated with microstructural observations. In the study, three different degrees of deformation were applied at the level necessary to refine the grain size to the ultrafine-grained level. Regardless of the applied degree of deformation, the effect of the formation of a strong morphological texture was demonstrated, as a result of which there is a clear difference between the mechanical properties depending on the test direction, both by the static and dynamic method. The obtained results allow for the identification of the characteristic structure formed during the HE process and the more effective use of the CuCrZr copper alloy in applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Sylwia Przybysz
1
Mariusz Kulczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Skiba
1
Monika Skorupska
1
  1. Institute of High Pressure Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland

Cavitation erosion of electrostatic spray polyester coatings with different surface finish

Mirosław Szala Aleksander Świetlicki Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 4 | e137519 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2021.137519
Keywords polyester powder coatings cavitation erosion profilometry spectroscopy wear mechanism AW-6060 aluminium alloy
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Abstract

Polyester coatings are among the most commonly used types of powder paints and present a wide range of applications. Apart from its decorative values, polyester coating successfully prevents the substrate from environmental deterioration. This work investigates the cavitation erosion (CE) resistance of three commercial polyester coatings electrostatic spray onto AW-6060 aluminium alloy substrate. Effect of coatings repainting (single- and double-layer deposits) and effect of surface finish (matt, silk gloss and structural) on resistance to cavitation were comparatively studied. The following research methods were used: CE testing using ASTM G32 procedure, 3D profilometry evaluation, light optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical profilometry and FTIR spectroscopy. Electrostatic spray coatings present higher CE resistance than aluminium alloy. The matt finish double-layer (M2) and single-layer silk gloss finish (S1) are the most resistant to CE. The structural paint showed the lowest resistance to cavitation wear which derives from the rougher surface finish. The CE mechanism of polyester coatings relies on the material brittle-ductile behaviour, cracks formation, lateral net-cracking growth and removal of chunk coating material and craters’ growth. Repainting does not harm the properties of the coatings. Therefore, it can be utilised to regenerate or smother the polyester coating finish along with improvement of their CE resistance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Szala
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksander Świetlicki
2
Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
3
  1. Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
  2. Students Research Group of Materials Technology, Department of Materials Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, ul. Nadbystrzycka 36, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
  3. Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland

Retraction notice Machining of microholes in Ti-6Al-4V by hybrid micro-electrical discharge machining to improve process parameters and flushing properties

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2021 | 69 | 4 | e00ret1
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Analysis of high-speed angular ball bearing lubrication based on bi-directional fluid-solid coupling

Bowen Jiao Qiang Bian Xinghong Wang Chunjiang Zhao Ming Chen Xiangyun Zhang
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 531-551 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2023.148698
Keywords angular contact ball bearings fluid-structure-interaction bi-directional coupling lubrication
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Abstract

The lubrication of angular contact ball bearings under high-speed motion conditions is particularly important to the working performance of rolling bearings. Combining the contact characteristics of fluid domain and solid domain, a lubrication calculation model for angular contact ball bearings is established based on the RNG k-ε method. The pressure and velocity characteristics of the bearing basin under the conditions of rotational speed, number of balls and lubricant parameters are analyzed, and the lubrication conditions and dynamics of the angular contact ball bearings under different working conditions are obtained. The results show that the lubricant film pressure will rise with increasing speed and viscosity of the lubricant. The number of balls affects the pressure and velocity distribution of the flow field inside the bearing but has a small effect on the values of the characteristic parameters of the bearing flow field. The established CFD model provides a new approach to study the effect of fluid flow on bearing performance in angular contact ball bearings.
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Authors and Affiliations

Bowen Jiao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Qiang Bian
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xinghong Wang
1
Chunjiang Zhao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ming Chen
1
Xiangyun Zhang
2
  1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, China
  2. Luoyang Bearing Research Institute Co., Ltd, Luoyang, China

Formation control of nonholonomic wheeled mobile robots using adaptive distributed fractional order fast terminal sliding mode control

Allaeddine Yahia Damani Zoubir Abdeslem Benselama Ramdane Hedjar
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 567-587 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2023.148700
Keywords mobile robots fractional calculus formation control sliding mode consensus protokol
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Abstract

In this paper, an adaptive distributed formation controller for wheeled nonholonomic mobile robots is developed. The dynamical model of the robots is first derived by employing the Euler-Lagrange equation while taking into consideration the presence of disturbances and uncertainties in practical applications. Then, by incorporating fractional calculus in conjunction with fast terminal sliding mode control and consensus protocol, a robust distributed formation controller is designed to assure a fast and finite-time convergence of the robots towards the required formation pattern. Additionally, an adaptive mechanism is integrated to effectively counteract the effects of disturbances and uncertain dynamics. Moreover, the suggested control scheme's stability is theoretically proven through the Lyapunov theorem. Finally, simulation outcomes are given in order to show the enhanced performance and efficiency of the suggested control technique.
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Authors and Affiliations

Allaeddine Yahia Damani
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zoubir Abdeslem Benselama
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ramdane Hedjar
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Laboratory of signal and image processing, Saad Dahlab University Blida 1, Blida, Algeria
  2. Center of Smart Robotics Research CEN, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Effect of thin obstacles heights on heat transfer and flow characteristics in microchannels

Małgorzata Kmiotek Robert Smusz
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 553-566 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2023.148699
Keywords micro- computational fluid dynamics microchannel heat transfer
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Abstract

This paper presents a numerical analysis of the thermal-flow characteristics for a laminar flow inside a rectangular microchannel. The flow of water through channels with thin obstacles mounted on opposite walls was analyzed. The studies were conducted with a low Reynolds number (from 20 to 200). Different heights of rectangular obstacles were analyzed to see if geometrical factors influence fluid flow and heat exchange in the microchannel. Despite of the fact that the use of thin obstacles in the microchannels leads to an increase in the pressure drop, the increase in the height of the obstacles favors a significant intensification of heat exchange with the maximum thermal gain factor of 1.9 for the obstacle height coefficient h/H=0.5, which could be acceptable for practical application.
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Authors and Affiliations

Małgorzata Kmiotek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Robert Smusz
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow, Poland

Pool boiling on horizontal tube, evaluation of ten correlations

Touhami Baki Djamel Sahel
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 481-495 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2023.148125
Keywords boiling horizontal tube correlation evaluation heat transfer coefficient
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Abstract

The heat transfer coefficient during the pool boiling on the outside of a horizontal tube can be predicted by correlations. Our choice was based on ten correlations known from the literature. The experimental data were recovered from the recent work, for different fluids used. An evaluation was made of agreement between each of the correlations and the experimental data. The results of the present study firstly showed a good reliability for the correlations of Labuntsov [10], Stephan and Abdeslam [11] with deviations of 20% and 27%, respectively. Also, the results revealed acceptable agreements for the correlations of Kruzhlin [6], Mc Nelly [7] and Touhami [15] with deviations of 26%, 29% and 29% respectively. The remaining correlations showed very high deviations from the experimental data. Finally, improvements have been made in the correlations of Shekriladze [12] and Mostinski [9], and a new correlation was proposed giving convincing results.
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Authors and Affiliations

Touhami Baki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Djamel Sahel
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Mechanical Faculty, Gaseous Fuels and Environment Laboratory, USTO-MB, El-M'Naouer, Oran, Algeria
  2. Department of Technical Sciences, Amar Telidji of Laghouat, Algeria

Vibration attenuation and frequency shifting of beam structures using single and multiple dynamic absorbers in the parallel

Faris A. Jabbar Putti Srinivasa Rao
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 457-480 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2023.146851
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Abstract

The finite element method (FEM) using Ansys program (APDL) was used in this study to evaluate the idea of tuned vibration absorbers applied to a beam construction for the undamped system. The ideal location for the Dynamic Vibration Absorbers (DVAs) and their numbers to be installed on the fixed-fixed beam in order to lessen beam vibration was also investigated. The DVA was coupled to the fixed-fixed beam vibration node for three vibration modes. The natural frequency and frequency response of the beam were calculated in this study using modal and harmonic analysis, respectively. The vibrational characteristics of the F-F beam with and without DVAs were presented. The simulation results demonstrated that the vibration amplitude decreases in the presence of the DVAs and its reduction depends on the locations of the DVAs and its number. In addition, the attached DVAs affect the structural beam vibration. Depending on the modes of vibration, the vibrational peak is the optimal place to attach DVA.
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Authors and Affiliations

Faris A. Jabbar
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Putti Srinivasa Rao
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
  2. Technical Institute of Al-Dewaniyah, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University (ATU), Al-Dewaniyah, Iraq

Three-dimensional numerical study of the behavior of thermoelectric and mechanical coupling during spark plasma sintering of a polycrystalline material

Abdelmalek Kriba Farid Mechighel
Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2023 | vol. 70 | No 4 | 497-529 | DOI: 10.24425/ame.2023.148126
Keywords stress strain numerical simulation powder thermoelectric and mechanical coupling
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Abstract

Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is a promising modern technology that sinters a powder, whether it is ceramic or metallic, transforming it into a solid. This technique applies both mechanical pressure and a pulsed direct electric current simultaneously. This study presents a three-dimensional (3D) numerical investigation of the thermoelectric (thermal and electric current density fields) and mechanical (strain-stress and displacement fields) couplings during the SPS process of two powders: alumina (ceramic) and copper (metallic). The ANSYS software was employed to solve the conservation equations for energy, electric potential, and mechanical equilibrium simultaneously. Initially, the numerical findings regarding the thermoelectric and mechanical coupling phenomena observed in the alumina and copper specimens were compared with existing numerical and experimental results from the literature. Subsequently, a comprehensive analysis was conducted to examine the influence of current intensity and applied pressure on the aforementioned coupling behavior within the SPS device. The aim was to verify and clarify specific experimental values associated with these parameters, as reported in the literature, and identify the optimal values of applied pressure (5 MPa for alumina and 8.72 MPa for copper) and electric current (1000 A for alumina and 500 A for copper) to achieve a more homogeneous material.
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Authors and Affiliations

Abdelmalek Kriba
1
ORCID: ORCID
Farid Mechighel
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. LR3MI Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology, Badji Mokhtar - Annaba University, Annaba , Algeria
  2. Energy and Pollution Laboratory - Mentouri Brothers University - Constantine, Algeria

Movements in the ocean

Stanisław Rakusa-Suszczewski
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 159-165
Keywords plankton feeding individual and colecting movent
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Abstract

Individual movement of plankton in the ocean is related to trophic relationships between dominant groups. Collective movement is a consequence of the movement of water masses, diurnal cycles and global movement of ocean currents, and climate change
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Rakusa-Suszczewski
1
  1. członek rzeczywisty PAN

EASAC Environmental Steering Panel – what's new in the Panel?

Rajmund Michalski
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 151-158 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148232
Keywords EASAC environment forest biomass neonicotinoids regenerative agriculture deep sea mining
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Abstract

On 28 March 2023, the first ESP EASAC meeting in 2023 took place in Budapest at the invitation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The broad and interesting range of issues addressed by Environmental Steering Panel should attract more interest also in Poland. Unfortunately, the activity in EASAC is pro publico bono, which is probably the main reason for the low activity of Polish scientists as experts invited to individual projects. Is the organisation referred to in this article credible? The answer is that, at the end of 2018, EASAC was awarded “Think Tank of the Year” by the prestigious Public Affairs Awards Europe. This shows that the activity is appreciated among professionals. I sincerely encourage anyone interested to find out more about what ESP EASAC is doing and to keep checking our activities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Rajmund Michalski
1
  1. Instytut Podstaw Inżynierii Środowiska PAN, Zabrze

Michał Głowiński. In memoriam

Grażyna Borkowska
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 175-179 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148235
Keywords Michał Głowiński Polish literature contemporary history of Poland
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Abstract

Professor Michał Głowiński died September 29th, 2023. Polish science has lost a great humanist and writer. Text brings a little reminder of his biography, work and influence on the scientific community.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grażyna Borkowska
1
  1. Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, Warszawa

Professor Zenon Waszczyszyn (1935–2023)

Jerzy Pamin
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 167-173 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148234
Keywords Zenon Waszczyszyn mechanics of engineering structures computational intelligence methods
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Abstract

This short paper presents the activity and achievements of Professor Zenon Waszczyszyn, active member of Polish Academy of Sciences and Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences, Professor of Cracow University of Technology and Rzeszów University of Technology, doctor honoris causa of Budapest University of Technology and Economics, creator of scientific schools in the field of stability of engineering structures and mechanics of shell structures as well as in the field of computational intelligence methods, in particular artificial neural networks.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Pamin
1
  1. Wydział Inżynierii Lądowej Politechniki Krakowskiej

School of Retired Scholars at Adam Mickiewicz University. A unique scientific and educational institution

Zbigniew Kwieciński
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 93-111 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148229
Keywords lectures by the retired scholars old age and wisdom
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Abstract

Na Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu od kilku lat bardzo aktywnie działa Szkoła Nestorów Nauki, zorganizowana i prowadzona przez dwoje uczonych profesora Kazimierza Przyszczypkowskiego i doktor Izabelę Cytlak. W tej niezwykłej instytucji prowadzone są systematycznie wykłady akademickie dojrzałych wiekiem uczonych o najwybitniejszych kompetencjach. Dotychczas organizatorzy Szkoły Kazimierz Przyszczypkowski i Izabela Cytlak przygotowali trzy tomy zbiorów wykładów wygłoszonych w tej Szkole (dwa pierwsze nazwano „Wykłady nestorów nauki”): Nestorzy nauki Uniwersytetowi, 2019; Uniwersytet. Wspólnota różnorodności i różnicy, 2021; Uniwersytet. Otwarte przestrzenie dyskursów, 2023 (wszystkie opublikowane przez Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM).
Wykłady nestorów nauki odbywają się co miesiąc, gromadząc około 200 uczestników – naukowców z różnych dziedzin i młodzież akademicką oraz są transmitowane i utrwalane na YouTube. Autor artykułu omawia i analizuje te książki zbiorowe na tle innych badań, studiów i debat interdyscyplinarnych. Dowodzi, że Szkoła Nestorów Nauki w Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza jest unikatową w Polsce instytucją akademicką realizującą Humboldta ideę uniwersytetu.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Kwieciński
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. emerytowany profesor Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika

The Theatre of Lost Time. Marcel Proust read by Tennessee Williams

Joanna Majewska
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 71-92 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148228
Keywords Tennessee Williams Marcel Proust The Glass Menagerie InSearch of Lost Time time remembrance memory theatre
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Abstract

Autorka artykułu analizuje wpływ twórczości Marcela Prousta na utwory dramatyczne Tennessee Williamsa, zwłaszcza na dramat Szklana menażeria, znany także z hollywoodzkiej wersji filmowej. W sztuce tej ważną rolę odgrywają Proustowskie motywy, takie jak czas, pamięć i jej mechanizmy. Podobnie jak Proust, Williams nie ukrywa w swoim utworze elementów autobiograficznych. W Szklanej menażerii zwraca również uwagę inspirowane powieścią Prousta wykorzystanie motywów muzycznych oraz doszukiwanie się podobieństw między bohaterami literackimi a postaciami z dzieł malarskich. Choć Proust nie pisał dramatów, a Williams nie zostawił po sobie żadnej powieści, to łączyła ich miłość do teatru i przekonanie, że wspomnienie jest swego rodzaju spektaklem, a scena to szczególnie odpowiednie miejsce, by opowiadać o przeszłości.
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Authors and Affiliations

Joanna Majewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Akademia Teatralna im. Aleksandra Zelwerowicza, Warszawa

Establishing evaluative homogeneity: conflicts around the 2019 List of scientific journals

Jakub Krzeski Krystian Szadkowski Emanuel Kulczycki
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 121-140 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148231
Keywords evaluative homogenity national journal ranking scholarly communication epistemic cultures evaluative gap
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Abstract

This article presents the results of a study on the process of creating evaluative homogeneity within the Polish performance-based research funding system. To achieve this, the creation process of the national journal ranking from 2019 was analysed in two scientific disciplines: biology and history. The selection of this case is motivated by its particular nature – the creation of the list using bibliometric indicators and expert input. Therefore, the following question was posed: What guided the actors participating in the process of creating the list using bibliometric indicators when introducing changes to its original form? To answer this question, mixed methods were applied. Firstly, a quantitative analysis was conducted on the changes introduced to the ranking during its various stages of creation. Secondly, a qualitative analysis was carried out on partially structured interviews regarding the motivations of the actors. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, the study revealed the extent to which actors influence the form that evaluative homogeneity takes within the Polish system. Through qualitative analysis and quantitative results, the study revealed the extent to which actors influence the form that evaluative homogeneity takes in the Polish system. Furthermore, the article argues that the form that evaluative homogeneity takes is dictated by how actors position themselves in relation to two opposing forces: heterogeneity and homogeneity, and the practice and form of research quality evaluation as seen through their prism. The text concludes with a short epilogue, updating the findings of the study beyond its time frame.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jakub Krzeski
1 2
Krystian Szadkowski
2
Emanuel Kulczycki
2
  1. Wydział Filozofii i Nauk Społecznych na Uniwersytecie Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
  2. Pracownia Komunikacji Naukowej na Uniwersytecie im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu

Rankings of Polish Universities

Leszek Pacholski
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 113-119 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148230
Keywords rankings academic subjects quality of research Polish Universities
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Abstract

We present some university rankings, the differences between them and the role they can play in shaping the higher education landscape. We analyse the position of Polish universities in various rankings and suggest why the Polish economy makes little use of the output of Polish researchers.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Pacholski
1
  1. Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Informatyki

Table of contents

Nauka | 2023 | No 4
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Front pages

Nauka | 2023 | No 4
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Mass migrations of people – solvable problem or inevitable dramas?

Michał Kleiber
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 37-43 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148225
Keywords global demographics human mobility motivations of immigrants ethical challenges border protection integration of newcomers EU policies
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Abstract

In the article, we characterize the current and extremely serious problem of mass migration of people and indicate the necessary political actions that can alleviate it. The problem in question has increasingly dramatic consequences and has now reached proportions requiring decisive action. The basic suggestions are, on the one hand, the need to recognize the social situation in emigrants' homelands and offer these countries well-thought-out assistance, and, on the other hand, arrangements must be made on the part of the countries that are the destination of migration in order to develop a common and uniform policy, which is of special importance in countries of the European Union.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kleiber
1
  1. Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN, Warszawa

Sideline discussion about artificial intelligence

Wacław Iszkowski Ryszard Tadeusiewicz
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 49-70 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148227
Keywords artificial intelligence history of AI AI systems GPT AI definition cybersecurity
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Abstract

The article presents a number of comments regarding artificial intelligence (AI) that are not obvious to people who do not deal with this field on a daily basis. At the beginning, the name “artificial intelligence” itself and what it is are discussed. This is needed to follow the discussion on what this AI is. Then it was described how AI was created – in the world and in Poland. The consequences of the appearance of the Chat GPT program, as well as the principles of its operation, are also discussed. Due to the widespread interest in AI, controversial statements have also appeared, often coming from scientific authorities from areas of science far from computer science. There is a polemic against such statements in the section entitled “Weeds to weed out”. The article goes on to show that people have wanted AI since ancient times and describe what an intelligent avatar can do. It also presents what legal regulations are currently being tried to impose on AI systems – in the United States and in the European Union, respectively, and therefore also in Poland. Finally, the topic of mutual relations between AI and cybersecurity was discussed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wacław Iszkowski
1 2
Ryszard Tadeusiewicz
3
  1. Polskie Towarzystwo Informatyczne
  2. Polska Izba Informatyki i Telekomunikacji
  3. Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza, Kraków

Economic growth on a global scale

Stanisław Gomułka
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 45-48 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.148226
Keywords hree distinct epochs of economic growth according to Angus Maddison Technology Frontier Area versus catching-up countries conventional goods versus qualitative changes global growth disappearance over the coming two centuries
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Abstract

The number 1 aim of the paper is to note theoretical explanations of three facts: the remarkably rapid acceleration of the rate of growth of the per capita domestic product (GDP) in a small part of the world economy in the early 19th century, a strong stability of the per capita GDP growth rates in countries of that part since then, and a very strong divergence in the per capita GDP growth among the less developed countries. The number 2 aim is to note the probable implications of these explanations for the likely rate of global economic growth during this and next centuries.
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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Gomułka
1 2
  1. członek korespondent PAN. Polska Akademia Nauk
  2. London School of Economics 1970–2005

Andante moderato. On the melancholy of the academic world

Tadeusz Sławek
Nauka | 2023 | No 4 | 7-16 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147320
Keywords university education critical thinking politics goodwill
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Abstract

The essay investigates issues related to the ways in which University participates in the complex and dramatically changing reality. The „melancholy” refers, on the one hand, to University’s irrevocable right and responsibility to ask difficult questions to which there may be no easy, immediate answers, which is the mode of University addressing urgent issues of actual social and cultural life. On the other hand, however, we have recently faced the authorities’ reluctant attitude towards scholarly activities which may not coincide with the ideological guidelines, which mistrust may result in the imposition of various limitations on research and funding allocations.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Sławek
1
  1. Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach,Wydział Filozoficzny

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