This is a critical profile of Wiadomości Bibliograficzne Warszawskie [Warsaw Bibliographical News], a learned journal with a mission to keep a systematic record of current Polish publications and provide bibliographic information about their contents, published in 1882–1886 Teodor Paprocki, a leading Warsaw bookseller. The article outlines the history of the journal; analyzes its structure, layout, contents, editorial techniques, and its functioning in the bookselling trade and the academic community; and, finally, assesses its role in the development of professional bibliography writing in Poland.

Popular science magazines published in Poland between 1758 and 1939 are an important resource for all kinds of research including interdisciplinary analysis as well testing new methodological approaches. They provide insights into the changing understanding of science and its social functions, the status of the scientist, models of popularization of science, the channels and forms of communications, techniques of construction of the popular science text enhanced with graphics and illustrations.

While in the United States Polish newspapers and magazines began to spring up in the late 19th century, in Russia the Polish diaspora did not produce their own press until the early 20th century. This article surveys the contents of three periodicals and other publications produced by Polonia associations in Krasnodar, Zheleznovodsk and Stavropol in Southern Russia.

This article examines three aborted publishing projects involving popular science magazines from the early 19th century, two of them in Cracow, one in Kalisz. Their history has been reconstructed thanks to the publishers' prospectuses found in collections of the Jagiellonian Library.

The article contains a bibliometric analysis and a concise review of the achievements of Marian Gierula (1955–2020). In the period 1981–2019, the author published 164 original scientific publications, including 85 articles and monographs in Polish, English and German, 42 in Russian and 37 research reports and expertises.

This is a profile of Ateneum Wileńskie, an annual published by the Society of the Friends of Science in Wilno in 1923–1939 with the financial support of the Ministry of Religious Affairs and Public Education. It featured articles on the history of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and played an important role in the popularization of research in the field of political history, law, culture, social and economic history and historical sources of Lithuania in the 16th–19th century. Ateneum Wileńskie was one of the leading academic periodicals in Poland, and most of the materials that were published by it have retained their value.

This article discusses the role of the illustrated women's magazine Bluszcz [Ivy] in shaping and stimulating its readers' social and political engagement throughout the interwar period, from its relaunch in 1921 until 1939. Addressed to educated, middle-class women, it strove to raise their awareness in the wake of the women's enfranchisement act of 1918 and inspire them to participate in public life, to energize the local community, and to organize and promote various forms of social work.

This article attempts to show the importance of newspaper advertisements as a factual source which offers valuable insights into past events. The study of advertisements helps the researcher to complement and verify what has been gleaned from the usual documents, and sometimes can even provide a corrective to conclusions reached by other means. In particular, the advertisements in Lwowskie Tygodniowe Wiadomości [Lwów Weekly News], published 1786–1788 show how much information about property from the monasteries of Galicia, dissolved by Emperor Joseph II in 1782–1788, can be found in the local press. It is a source which not only contains important clues about the history and the scale of the dissolution but also a wealth of minor details that it would be hard find anywhere else.

Hanna Krall is an acclaimed journalist and author, whose books were translated into multiple languages. However, relatively little critical attention has been given since her rise to world fame to her early work as a journalist. This article revisits this unjustly neglected part of her biography, when she made her name by reportages portraying the realities of life in Poland in the 1970s (the Edward Gierek's decade) and registering the tensions that led to the political earthquake of 1980 and culminated in the collapse of the communist system in 1989.

The meaning of temporal distributiveness occurs either in situations in which a habitual activity is correlated with the recurrent periods of time, or in situations in which the recurrent periods of time are accompanied by an activity. The present paper is yet another contribution to a series of papers exploring temporal constructions in Polish that express the meaning of distributiveness. It focuses on the analysis of constructions such as pracować dzień w dzień, which are exponents of the so-called cyclic and distributive time.

The article contains a survey of methods of the mobile development with the FMX Application platform, which allows to build multi-platform solutions for the efficient Human-Computer Interaction. The test projects illustrate some important conclusions regarding the design and testing of mobile applications for iOS and Android operating systems. They demonstrate navigation controls designed in the skeumorphic and flat manner with some comparisons based on interviews with users in several age ranges. Test apps provide also touch gestures, sensor integration and connections to remote internet data sources. Some additional considerations about the localization and internationalization of the mobile applications built with the FMX platform were also presented. The proposed implementation of the software engineering methods for the mobile application development provides new insights, valuable for software developers dealing with the new FMX platform on iOS and Android.

The paper presents the result of an evaluation of the performance of different message broker system configurations, which lead to the construction of the specific architecture guidelines for such systems. The examples are provided for an exemplary middleware messaging server software - RabbitMQ, set in high availability - enabling and redundant configurations. Rabbit MQ is a message queuing system realizing the middleware for distributed systems that implements the Advanced Message Queuing Protocol. The scalability and high availability design issues are discussed and the possible cluster topologies and their impact is presented. Since HA and performance scalability requirements are in conflict, scenarios for using clustered RabbitMQ nodes and mirrored queues are interesting and have to be considered with specific workloads and requirements in mind. The results of performance measurements for some topologies are also reported in this article.

The aim of this review is to describe ecological and physiological features of Andrallus spinidens Fabricius and to discuss various possibilities of using it as an appropriate biocontrol agent in different agroecosystems. This hemipteran is a cosmopolitan predator of caterpillar pests of rice, wheat, soybean, moong, pigeon pea, maize, sugarcane and cowpea with special feeding on Chilo suppressalis Walker, Naranga aenescnes Moore, Helicoverpa armigera Hübner and Spodoptera litura Fabricius. Climate, spatial distribution of prey and type of agricultural crop are among the factors influencing the biology and spatial-temporal distribution of A. spinidens. Studies have shown random or aggregated distribution of the predatory bug with population peaks in April, July and October. The 1st instar nymphs have no feeding, the 2nd and 3rd (the first 2 days) instars are seedling feeders while they are voracious predators of caterpillars from the middle of 3rd instar to adulthood. The salivary gland consisted of two anterior-, two lateral- and two posterior lobes with major secretion of trypsin, chymotrypsin, amino- and carboxypeptidases. The alimentary canal has a four-sectioned midgut in which the third section seems to be the main place for digestive enzymes including α-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase cathepsins B, L and D as well as carboxy- and aminopetidases. Andrallus spinidens have shown compatibility with some insecticides and the entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana. The predatory bug may be successfully reared in a laboratory using Galleria mellonella larvae as prey and both conservation and augmentation should be considered as biological control strategies against insect pests.

The paper offers an analysis which aims at explaining the role that the choice of particular verbs, their grammatical tense and their aspectual form plays in the construal of an episode in narrative prose. Two sample passages from Ursula Hegi's novel Floating in my Mothers Palm will be analysed, focusing upon the textual function of the opposition between "perfectivity" and "imperfectivity" as revealed in the use of English verbs. The theoretical framework for the discussion is provided by the cognitive model developed by Ronald W. Langacker, with the principle of metonymical reference to events (as proposed by Radden and Kovecses) supplementing the strictly grammatical discussion. In conclusion, it is claimed that it is unconventional construals that are markers of what is commonly called "literary style". The principles that underlie such construals, when analysed in linguistic terms, reveal at least some of the workings of the complicated mechanism to which this vague label is commonly meant to refer.

This paper analyses the diachronic development of English HAD BETTER (and HAD RATHER) structure(s). It is argued that the original construction out of which HAD BETTER/RATHER developed and which contained the verb BEON 'be' could be substituted by a new construction employing HAD by virtue of the fact that these two verbs in a great number of contexts are devoid of any cognitive content leading to their mutual interchangeability (§ 1 ). Section 2 is devoted to the examination of the development of the construction in question. In section 3 it is shown how the mechanisms and principles of grammaticalisation set out by Lehmann ( 1982) [2002], Hopper (1991) and Heine (2003) [2005] apply in this particular case of grammaticalisation. The bulk of language illustrations comes from the Dictionary of Old English, the Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse and the Helsinki Corpus ofEnglish Texts. The references to the actual works follow the pattern of the first two electronic corpora.

ln our paper we analysed a corpus of runic inscriptions that belong to the first period. The runic inscriptions that we chose for our analysis are basically full sentences that contain the elements we were interested in, namely, the verb and the object. The main purpose of this analysis was to find some implications as to Proto-Germanic word order. The data obtained during our analysis suggest that the Proto-Germanic word order was VO due to the fact that there is a strong tendency to place nominal objects after the inflected verb in main clauses. However, on the basis of the data concerning the word order in compound NPs, one could rather regard Proto-Germanic as an OV language. However, if one regards the position of the nominal object with respect to the inflected verb as the basic criterion for classifying a given language either as VO or OV, and treats this level as being independent of other linguistic levels, like for example word compounds, one will arrive at the conclusion that it is necessary to classify Proto-Germanic as an VO language.

The aim of the paper is to explore two sandhi phenomena of r-zero alternation, i.e. linking and intrusive r. We address the question of lexical representation of etymologically r-less and r-full forms participating in the processes. Moreover, we discuss the influence of historical r on both vowel quality and quantity and explain some developments of etymologically r-full forms which have led both to the confined distribution of r and various vocalic reflexes in non-rhotic dialects.

The paper presents the results of an acoustic analysis of temporal phonetic parameters cueing word boundaries in Polish. Durational variability has been well documented for different languages. Word-final lengthening, word-initial lengthening, and polysyllabic shortening, all predict that segments neighbouring a word boundary will differ in their durations whatever direction such shortening or lengthening should take. In the present study, we obtained two Polish sequences brat Adama versus brata dama from 24 native speakers of Polish. The obtained results point to a complicated pattern of temporal variability caused by the boundary location in Polish.