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Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Cast Steel Carried out on Cast-on Samples and Samples Cast Separately

B.E. Kalandyk Renata E. Zapała
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2021 | vo. 21 | No 2 | 81-88 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2021.136102
Keywords Mechanical properties Metallography Heat treatment Cast steel
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Abstract

The results of microstructure examinations and UTS, YS, El, RA carried out on low-carbon cast steel containing 0.15% C. The tests were carried out on specimens cut out from samples cast on a large-size casting and from samples cast in separate foundry moulds. It has been shown that significant differences in grain size observed in the material of the separately cast samples and cast-on samples occur only in the as-cast. In the as-cast state, in materials from different tests, both pearlite percent content in the structure and mean true interlamellar spacing remain unchanged. On the other hand, these parameters undergo significant changes in the materials after heat treatment. The mechanical properties (after normalization) of the cast-on sample of the tested cast steel were slightly inferior to the values obtained for the sample cast in a separate foundry mould. The microscopic examinations of the fracture micro-relief carried out by SEM showed the presence of numerous, small non-metallic inclusions, composed mainly of oxide-sulphides containing Mn, S, Al, Ca and O, occurring individually and in clusters.
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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

B.E. Kalandyk
1
Renata E. Zapała
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Department of Cast Alloys and Composites Engineering, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, ul. Reymonta 23, 30-059 Krakow, Poland

Effect of Vanadium Microaddition on the Strength of Low-Carbon Cast Steel at Elevated Temperatures

B.E. Kalandyk Renata E. Zapała P. Pałka
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2020 | vol. 20 | No 2 | 79-83 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2020.131306
Keywords Low-carbon cast steel Microaddition elements Mechanical properties at elevated temperatures
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Abstract

The effect of vanadium microaddition on the strength of low-carbon cast steel containing 0.19% C used, among others, for castings of slag ladles was discussed. The tested cast steel was melted under laboratory conditions in a 30 kg capacity induction furnace. Mechanical tests were carried out at 700, 800 and 900°C using an Instron 5566 machine equipped with a heating oven of  2C stability. Non-standard 8- fold samples with a measuring length of 26 mm and a diameter of 3 mm were used for the tests. It has been shown that, compared to cast steel without vanadium microaddition, the introduction of vanadium in an amount of 0.12% to unalloyed, low carbon cast steel had a beneficial effect on the microstructure and properties of this steel not only at ambient temperature but also at elevated temperatures when it promoted an increase in UTS and YS. The highest strength values were obtained in the tested cast steel at 700C with UTS and YS reaching the values of 193 MPa and 187.7 MPa, respectively, against 125 MPa and 82.8 MPa, respectively, obtained without the addition of vanadium. It was also found that with increasing test temperature, the values of UTS and YS were decreasing. The lowest values of UTS and YS obtained at 900°C were 72 MPa and 59.5 MPa, respectively, against 69 MPa and 32.5 MPa, respectively, obtained without the addition of vanadium.

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Authors and Affiliations

B.E. Kalandyk
Renata E. Zapała
ORCID: ORCID
P. Pałka

The Influence of Pearlite Present in the Microstructure of GX120MnCr13 Cast Steel on Wear Resistance

Barbara Kalandyk Renata E. Zapała Iwona Sulima Piotr Furmańczyk Justyna Kasińska
Archives of Foundry Engineering | 2023 | vol. 23 | No 4 | 145-156 | DOI: 10.24425/afe.2023.146689
Keywords Hadfield cast steel Microstructure Hardness Ball-on-disc test Wear resistance
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Abstract

The article presents the results of metallographic and tribological tests on GX120MnCr13 cast steel that was previously subjected to heat treatment (including solution treatment from 1100°C and isothermal holding at 250, 400, and 600°C for 100 hours). The temperatures of the isothermal holding process were selected in order to reflect the possible working conditions of the cast elements that can be made of this cast steel. Wear tests were carried out under dry friction conditions using the ball-on-disc method using a ZrO2 ball as a counter-sample. The tests were carried out with a load of 5 N. The influence of the long-term isothermal holding process on the microstructure of the tested cast steel was analysed by light and scanning microscopy; however, abrasion marks were also examined using a confocal microscope. Based on the tests conducted, it was found that in the microstructures of the sample after solution treatment and samples that were held in isothermal condition at 250 and 400°C, the grain boundary areas were enriched in Mn and Cr compared to the areas inside the grains. Pearlite appeared in the sample that was heated (or held in isothermal holding) at 600°C; its share reached 41.6%. The presence of pearlite in the austenitic matrix increased the hardness to 351.4 HV 10. The hardness of the remaining tested samples was within a range of 221.8–229.1 HV 10. Increasing the hardness of the tested cast steel directly resulted in a reduction in the degree of wear as well as the volume, area, and width of the abrasion marks. A microscopic analysis of the wear marks showed that the dominant process of the abrasive wear of the tested friction pair was the detachment and displacement of the tested material through the indentation as a result of the cyclical impact of the counter-sample.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Kalandyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Renata E. Zapała
1
ORCID: ORCID
Iwona Sulima
2
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Furmańczyk
3
ORCID: ORCID
Justyna Kasińska
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. University of the National Education Commission Krakow, Institute of Technology, ul. Podchorążych 2, 32-084 Krakow, Poland
  3. Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Poland

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