This study is a scientific justification for the hypothesis stating that the humanization of education contributes to developing a student’s personality as a subject of educational activity and helps master knowledge and skills that boost the development of professional skills. The study includes 300 cadets from the Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University in their 1-4 years of study. The study determines the main pedagogical support components of professional and personal self-development of military students. In the survey, 86.6% of military students positively assessed their professional and personal self-development, although senior students (46.8%) demonstrated less interest in this regard. The study reveals that modern higher education needs further humanization so that future specialists endorse and share humanistic values; the humanization of training at the military university results in positive changes in all criteria of professional and personal self-development of military students. It is necessary to provide three stages in the integral process of professional training: the motivation and value-oriented stage; the cognitive and activity stage; the reflexive and transformative stage.