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Abstract

Zawartość cynku w glebach wokół huty cynku ,,Miasteczko Śląskie”
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Sierka
Bernard Palowski
Tadeusz Kimsa
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Abstract

This paper presents the impact of salinisation on the aquatic mollusc fauna in flooded mine subsidences in the Karvina region (Czech Republic). The results of the previous research on salinity in flooded mine subsidences show that some of them contain a high content of dissolved inorganic substances (above 1000 mg·l-1). These substances can affect the vegetation and animals occurring in the water and the surrounding area. The phylum of Mollusca was selected as a model group for the fieldwork as it includes species with the proven bioindication potential.

The occurrence of aquatic mollusc species was studied at 10 sites. The sites were selected based on the content of dissolved substances (the salinity gradient from <500 to >1000 mg·l-1. A total of 12 aquatic mollusc species were found, including one species identified as a potential bioindicator of the negative effect of salinisation on aquatic biota.

The analysis showed statistically significant positive correlations between the content of dissolved inorganic substances and the presence of alien species Potamopyrgus antipodarum (J.E. Gray, 1843). The gradient of salinity significantly affects the species composition of the mollusc fauna in flooded mine subsidences and may affect the biodiversity of this group.

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Authors and Affiliations

Kamila Kašovská
Łukasz Pierzchała
Edyta Sierka
Barbara Stalmachová
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Abstract

This paper presents the problem of the increasing negative impact of urban heat islands (UHI) on urban residents based on land surface temperature (LST). It is assumed that water bodies in the agglomeration remain cooler than the air and surrounding urban areas. The study aimed to determine the impact of water bodies and surrounding areas covered by trees on the temperature of an urban area and to minimise the impact of UHI on the life quality of people in the temperate climate zone at day temperatures 25°C (W day) and 29°C (H day). In the adopted research methodology, 167 reservoirs, larger than 1 ha, located within 300 m of urban areas, were analysed. Satellite thermal imagery, spatial land use data (Corine Land Cover), and local land characteristics were used. The average temperature of the reservoirs was appropriately at 4.69°C on W day and 1.9°C for H day lower than in residential areas. The average temperature of areas at a distance of 30 m from the reservoirs was 2.69°C higher onWand 0.32°C higher on H than the water of the reservoirs. The area covered by trees was 0.52°C lower on W day and 0.39°C lower on H day than the residential areas located at a distance of 300 m from the reservoir. On terrestrial areas, the lowest temperature was observed in the area covered by trees within 0–30 m from reservoirs both on warm and hot days. Based on the results of this study, UHI mitigation solutions can be suggested.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Sierka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Łukasz Pierzchała
2

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jagiellońska St. 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
  2. Central Mining Institute in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

The increasing salinity of water in reservoirs is caused by climate change. On the other hand, an increase in salinity promotes the group species, halophytes that tolerate or need NaCl for growth. The aim of this study was to identify the response of facultative halophytes’ photosynthetic apparatus efficiency ( PE) to water salinity. The study covered the spiny water nymph ( Najas marina L.) population in four mining subsidence reservoirs. Najas marina is a facultative halophyte which means that it can occur in both fresh and salt water. This plant has the characteristics of the species invasive, such as rapid biomass growth, and wide ecological tolerance. Water salinity, described by conductivity, in the reservoirs ranged from 646 to 3061 μS∙cm –1. PE was expressed in terms of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters, which were collected in situ using a Pocket PEA device. Water parameters using a YSI ProDSS probe were identified. Data analysis was performed using OJIP test and s the non-parametric Spearman’s rank test (p ≤ 0.05). The relationship between chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and water parameters showed that conductivity, salinity, water clarity, and nitrate content statistically significantly affected PE (p <0.05). Generally, the higher salinity e.g. more than 3000 μS∙m –1, supports PE of facultative halophyte at the stage of optimum development in the vegetation season.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Sierka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Bujok
1
ORCID: ORCID
Barbara Stalmachova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Horaczek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Jagiellońska St. 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
  2. VSB Technical University of Ostrava, Institute of Environmental Engineering, VŠB, Ostrava, Czech Republic
  3. Institute of Technology and Life Sciences - National Research Institute, Falenty, Poland
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Abstract

Determining the level of solid pollution in beach sands located near artificial inland water bodies in order to maintain high safety standards is a difficult and expensive task. The tests aimed at determining beach pollution caused by solid wastes through analysis of toxic and chemical concentrations, are time-consuming and usually require several days before the results are available. In addition, the maintenance of the beach area involving beach raking or grooming, and the seasonal replenishment of sand makes it difficult to realistically determine the chemical or bacterial contamination of the tested material. Solid pollutants, such as glass, caps, cans, thick foil, metal, and plastic fragments, pose a greater health risk to beachgoers. The above-mentioned pollutants, especially small ones, are hardly visible on the surface or they are buried at shallow depths. Beach garbage poses a serious threat that can lead to infections from cuts and scratches. These injuries can become infected, further jeopardizing the health and lives of beachgoers due to risks like tetanus, staphylococcus, etc. The authors presented a new petrographic method aimed at assessing the quality of sand by examining the content of solid pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to conclude that the mentioned procedure can be used for a quick quantitative estimation of the content of potentially dangerous and undesirable pollutants in beach sands. Consequently, the method implemented to determent the amount of solid pollutants in beach sands has proven to be a valuable tool for recreational facility administrators, helping them in taking necessary measures to ensure the safety of beach users. Petrographic analysis of beach sands revealed the presence of pollutants of plant origin (0.4–1.8%), plastic (0.1–0.4%), paper (0.1–0.6%), charcoal (0.1–0.5%), glass (0.1–0.4%), metals (0.1–0.4%), rust (0.1–0.3%), ash and slag (0.1–0.3%), and fossil coals (0.1–0.2%).
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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Kuś
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zbigniew Jelonek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Iwona Jelonek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Edyta Sierka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland

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