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Abstract

Indonesia is one of the largest contributors to global marine litter deposition, given its high population and the largest archipelagic country. The increasing problem of plastic littering has recently attracted the attention of researchers. This study aims to identify marine and macroplastic litter in Semarang City. A field survey was conducted by dividing the beach into 18 sampling grids, each with an area of 1 × 1 m2. A literature survey was also conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to identify literature that can be used to develop recommendations. The results showed that 6.26–11.16 grams/m2/ day of marine litter and approximately 1.61–4.89 items/m2/day of plastic litter would be deposited on Semarang City beaches. The greatest contributors to macroplastic litter were polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which should be considered for further intervention. Strategic recommendations were developed based on an in-depth literature survey and best practices in the current field. These also include recommendations that can be used as a reference by policymakers and other stakeholders to reduce marine pollution. The results of this study are expected to provide a multiplier effect on reducing marine pollution for the city.
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Authors and Affiliations

Badrus Zaman
1
Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
2 3
Anik Sarminingsih
1
Ika Bagus Priyambada
1
Mochamad Arief Budihardjo
1

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro Jl.Prof. H. Sudarto, SH Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia
  2. Graduate Programs in Environmental Systems, Graduate School of Environmental Engineering,The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu, Japan
  3. Environmental Sustainability Research Group, Department of Environmental Engineering,Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
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Abstract

The very high need for personal protective equipment (PPE) impacts the waste generated after using these tools. Therefore, to deal with mask waste during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study was carried out on the processing of mask waste using a thermal process and studied how the potential of this process was for the effectiveness of mask waste processing during the pandemic. This research was conducted on Honeymoon Beach by collecting data on mask waste generated during the pandemic, then measuring the waste proximate, ultimate, and calorific value and testing the thermal process using TGA and Piro GC-MS measurements. Most waste masks found on Honeymoon Beach are non-reusable masks, 94.74%, while reusable masks are 5.26%. The waste is then subjected to thermal processing and analysis using TGA and Piro GC-MS. Based on the data obtained, the thermal process can reduce the mass of non-reusable and reusable mask samples by 99.236% and 88.401%, respectively.The results of the Piro GC-MS analysis show that the lit mask waste will produce fragments of compounds that can be reused as fuel. The process is simple and easy and produces residues that can be reused to reduce environmental pollution due to waste generation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mega Mutiara Sari
1
Takanobu Inoue
2
Iva Yenis Septiariva
3
I Wayan Koko Suryawan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shigeru Kato
2
Regil Kentaurus Harryes
4
Kuriko Yokota
2
Suprihanto Notodarmojo
5
Sapta Suhardono
6
Bimastyaji Surya Ramadan
7

  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Pertamina, Jakarta Selatan, Indonesia
  2. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan
  3. Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, Study Program of Civil Engineering Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  4. Faculty of Vocational Studies, Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia
  5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Institut Technologi Bandung, Indonesia
  6. Department of Environmental Science, Universitas Sebelas Maret., Surakarta Central Java, Indonesia
  7. Department of Environmental Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia

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