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Abstract

For development of the knowledge-based economy, potential and quality of university education are an important factors to increase a competitiveness of local, regional, national and international scales. To shape the modern economy, the development of university education and studies corresponding with contemporary socio-economic challenges play an important role. As a result, the formation of scientific and academic centres, which are the basic elements of knowledge-based of economy, determines the improvement of the human resources quality and the increase in innovativeness of spatial systems on various scales. The author has discussed the issue of changes in university education in Poland and its role in socio-economic activation of regional systems, and also defined the structure of major studies in regional (voivodship) systems. This paper research has initiated wider investigations which aim will be to answer to what extent the actual university education structure corresponds to contemporary and future socio-economic needs and competences. this level of education in Poland has to face with the growing globalization processes and increasing spatial competitiveness, not only in a regional scale, but also in the national and international ones, and actual reforms of Polish education and science system.

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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Borowiec-Gabryś
Tomasz Rachwał
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Abstract

The chemical fundamentals of one variant of the chelate method of combined removal of sulfur and nitrogen oxides from flue gases were described. Special attention was paid for chemical reactions responsible for production of solid wastes. A flow sheet of the technology was presented and the operation of industrial installation of SO2, NOx and dust from combustion gases of two 29 MW, grate boilers each was described. The material balance of the process was made and the quantity of solid wastes produced during 3 weeks test of the technology was presented.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Rachwał
Tomasz T. Suchecki
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Abstract

The aim of this research was to assess the content and composition of the pollutants emitted by domestic central heating boilers equipped with an automatic underfeed fuel delivery system for the combustion chamber. The comparative research was conducted. It concerned fuel properties, flue gas parameters, contents of dust (fl y ash) and gaseous substances polluting the air in the flue gases emitted from a domestic CH boiler burning bituminous coal, pellets from coniferous wood, cereal straw, miscanthus, and sunflower husks, coniferous tree bark, and oats and barley grain. The emission factors for dust and gaseous air pollutants were established as they are helpful to assess the contribution of such boilers in the atmospheric air pollution. When assessing the researched boiler, it was found out that despite the development in design and construction, flue gases contained fly ash with a significant EC content, which affected the air quality.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Konieczyński
Ewelina Cieślik
Bogusław Komosiński
Tomasz Konieczny
Barbara Mathews
Tomasz Rachwał
Grzegorz Rzońca
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Abstract

Rising carbon dioxide emissions are driving climate change and there is growing pressure to find alternative energy sources. Co-combustion of waste with fuels is still occurring in some regions of the world, and it is important to know the compounds emitted from such combustion. This study investigated the emissions from the combustion of wood pellets with waste. The wood pellet was combusted with different additions of polyethylene terephthalate plastic and medium-density fiberboard (10 and 50%), in a low-power boiler (18W). Phenols, alkylphenols, phthalates, biomass burning markers, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emissions were determined. Gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometry detector was used to analyze these compounds after extraction and derivatization in the particulate matter and gas phase. The emissions of biomass burning markers and phthalates were the highest among all the compounds determined for MDF addition. The total emission of these compounds was 685 mg/h and 408 mg/h for 10% addition and 2401 mg/h and 337 mg/h for 50% addition, respectively. For the co-combustion of biomass with PET, PAHs and phenols had the highest emission; the emission was 197 mg/h and 114.5 mg/h for 10% addition and 268 mg/h and 200 mg/h for 50% addition, respectively. In our opinion, the obtained results are insufficient for the identification of source apportionment from household heating. After further study, tested compounds could be treated as markers for the identification of the fuel type combusted in households.
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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Klyta
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Janoszka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marianna Czaplicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Rachwał
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Jaworek
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering PAS, Poland

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