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Number of results: 21
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Abstract

The Szewalski Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery was established in 1956 to conduct research into the fundamentals of the performance, design, construction and development of machines and devices used for energy conversion in flows, to provide education and to implement new solutions in this area.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
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Abstract

This paper concerns analytical considerations on a complex phenomenon which is diffusive-inertial droplet separation from the twophase vapour-liquid flow which occurs in many devices in the power industry (e.g. heat pumps, steam turbines, organic Rankine cycles, etc.). The new mathematical model is mostly devoted to the analysis of the mechanisms of diffusion and inertia influencing the distance at which a droplet separates from the two-phase flow and falls on a channel wall. The analytical model was validated based on experimental data. The results obtained through the analytical computations stay in a satisfactory agreement with available literature data.
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Bibliography

[1] Sedler B., Mikielewicz J.: A simplified analytical flow-boiling crisis mode. Trans. Inst. Fluid-Flow Mach. 76(1978), 3–10 (in Polish).
[2] Walley P., Hutchinson P., Hewitt G.F.: The calculation of critical heat flux in forced convection boiling. In: Proc. 5th Int. Heat Transfer Conf., Vol. II, Tokyo 1974.
[3] Kubski P., Mikielewicz J.: Approximated analysis of the drag force of the droplet evaporating within the fluid flow. Trans. Inst. Fluid-Flow Mach. 81(1981), 53–66 (in Polish).
[4] Mikielewicz J.: A simplified analysis of Magnus lift force impact on a small droplets separation from the two-phase flow. Trans. Inst. Fluid-Flow Mach. 75(1978), 63–71 (in Polish).
[5] Ranhiainen P.O., Stachiewicz J.W.: On the deposition of small particles from turbulent streams. J. Heat Transfer. 92(1970), 1, 169–177.
[6] Dolna O., Mikielewicz J.: Separation of droplets in the field of a boundary layer. J. Eng. Phys. Thermophys. 92(2019), 5, 1202–1206.
[7] Pourhashem H., Owen M.P., Castro N.D., Rostami A.A.: Eulerian modeling of aerosol transport and deposition in respiratory tract under thermodynamic equilibrium condition. J. Aerosol Sci. 141(2020), 105501.
[8] Worth Longest P., Xi J.: Computational investigation of particle inertia effects on submicron aerosol deposition in the respiratory tract. J. Aerosol Sci. 38(2007), l, 111–130.
[9] Wang Y., Yu Y., Hu D., Xu D., Yi L., Zhang Y., Zhang S.: Improvement of drainage structure and numerical investigation of droplets trajectories and separation efficiency for supersonic separators. Chem. Eng. Process. – Process Intensific. 151(2020), 107844.
[10] Ganic E.N., Rohsenow W.M.: Dispersed flow heat transfer. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 20(1977), 8, 855-866.
[11] Beek W.J., Muttzal K.M.: Transport Phenomena. Wiley 1975.
[12] Hutchinson P., Hewitt G.F., Ducler A.E.: Deposition of liquid or solid dispersions from turbulent gas stream: a stochastic model. Chem. Eng. Sci. 26(1971), 3, 419–439.
[13] Farmer R.A., Griffith P., Rohsenow W.M.: Liquid droplet deposition in twophase flow. J. Heat Transfer 92(1970), 4, 587–594.
[14] Forney L.J., Spielman L.A.: Deposition of coarse aerosols from turbulent flow. J. Aerosol Sci. 5(1974), 3, 257–271.
[15] Friedlander S.K., Johnstone H.F.: Deposition of suspended particles from turbulent gas streams. Ind. Eng. Chem. 49(1957), 7, 1151–1156.
[16] Ilori T.A.: Turbulent deposition of particles inside pipes. PhD thesis, Univ. Minnesota, Minneapolis – Saint Paul 1971.
[17] Sehmel G.A.: Aerosol deposition from turbulent airstreams in vertical conduits. Pacific Northwest Lab. Tech. Rep. BNWL-578, Richland 1968.
[18] McCoy D.D., Hanratty T.J.: Rate of deposition of droplets in annular two-phase flow. Int. J. Multiphas. Flow 3(1977), 4, 319–331.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
1
Oktawia Dolna
1
Roman Kwidziński
1

  1. Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland
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Abstract

In the present paper it is proposed to consider the computer cooling capacity using the thermosyphon loop. A closed thermosyphon loop consists of combined two heaters and a cooler connected to each other by tubes. The first heater may be a CPU processor located on the motherboard of the personal computer. The second heater may be a chip of a graphic card placed perpendicular to the motherboard of personal computer. The cooler can be placed above the heaters on the computer chassis. The thermosyphon cooling system on the use of computer can be modeled using the rectangular thermosyphon loop with minichannels heated at the bottom horizontal side and the bottom vertical side and cooled at the upper vertical side. The riser and a downcomer connect these parts. A one-dimensional model of two-phase flow and heat transfer in a closed thermosyphon loop is based on mass, momentum, and energy balances in the evaporators, rising tube, condenser and the falling tube. The separate two-phase flow model is used in calculations. A numerical investigation for the analysis of the mass flux rate and heat transfer coefficient in the steady state has been accomplished.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
Henryk Bieliński
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Abstract

In the paper presented is a novel concept to utilize the heat from the turbine bleed to improve the quality of working fluid vapour in the bottoming organic Rankine cycle (ORC). That is a completely novel solution in the literature, which contributes to the increase of ORC efficiency and the overall efficiency of the combined system of the power plant and ORC plant. Calculations have been accomplished for the case when available is a flow rate of low enthalpy hot water at a temperature of 90 °C, which is used for preliminary heating of the working fluid. That hot water is obtained as a result of conversion of exhaust gases in the power plant to the energy of hot water. Then the working fluid is further heated by the bleed steam to reach 120 °C. Such vapour is subsequently directed to the turbine. In the paper 5 possible working fluids were examined, namely R134a, MM, MDM, toluene and ethanol. Only under conditions of 120 °C/40 °C the silicone oil MM showed the best performance, in all other cases the ethanol proved to be best performing fluid of all. Results are compared with the "stand alone" ORC module showing its superiority.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jarosław Mikielewicz
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Abstract

In the paper presented are the issues related to the design and operation of micro heat exchangers, where phase changes can occur, applicable to the domestic micro combined heat and power (CHP) unit. Analysed is the stability of the two-phase flow in such unit. A simple hydraulic model presented in the paper enables for the stability analysis of the system and analysis of disturbance propagation caused by a jump change of the flow rate. Equations of the system dynamics as well as properties of the working fluid are strongly non-linear. A proposed model can be applicable in designing the system of flow control in micro heat exchangers operating in the considered CHP unit.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jarosław Mikielewicz
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Abstract

In the paper a research on cost-effective optimum design boiling temperature for Organic Rankine Cycle utilizing low-temperature heat sources is presented. The ratio of the heat exchanger area of the boiler to the power output is used as the objective function. Analytical relations for heat transfer area as well power of the cycle are formulated. Evaporation temperature and inlet temperature of the heat source medium as well its mass flow rate are varied in the optimization method. The optimization is carried out for three working fluids, i.e. R 134a, water and ethanol. The objective function (economics profitability, thermodynamic efficiency) leads to different optimal working conditions in terms of evaporating temperature. Maximum power generation in the near-critical conditions of subcritical ORC is the highest. The choice of the working fluid can greatly affect the objective function which is a measure of power plant cost. Ethanol exhibits a minimum objective function but not necessarily the maximum cycle efficiency.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jarosław Mikielewicz
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Abstract

The paper presents two analytical solutions namely for Fanning friction factor and for Nusselt number of fully developed laminar fluid flow in straight mini channels with rectangular cross-section. This type of channels is common in mini- and microchannel heat exchangers. Analytical formulae, both for velocity and temperature profiles, were obtained in the explicit form of two terms. The first term is an asymptotic solution of laminar flow between parallel plates. The second one is a rapidly convergent series. This series becomes zero as the cross-section aspect ratio goes to infinity. This clear mathematical form is also inherited by the formulae for friction factor and Nusselt number. As the boundary conditions for velocity and temperature profiles no-slip and peripherally constant temperature with axially constant heat flux were assumed (H1 type). The velocity profile is assumed to be independent of the temperature profile. The assumption of constant temperature at the channel’s perimeter is related to the asymptotic case of channel’s wall thermal resistance: infinite in the axial direction and zero in the peripheral one. It represents typical conditions in a minichannel heat exchanger made of metal.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
Witold Rybiński
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Abstract

The paper presents four 1-dimensional models of thermal resistance of walls in a heat exchanger with rectangular minichannels. The first model is the simplest one, with a single wall separating two fluids. The second model of the so called equivalent wall takes into account total volume of intermediate walls between layers of minichannels and of side walls of minichannels. The next two more complicated models take separately into account thermal resistance of these walls. In these two models side walls are treated as fins. The results of models comparison are presented. It is shown that thermal resistance may be neglected for metal walls but it should be taken into account for the walls made of plastics. For the case of non-neglected wall thermal resistance the optimum wall thickness was derived. Minichannel heat exchangers made of plastic are larger than those built of metal, but are significantly cheaper. It makes possible to use of such exchangers in inexpensive microscale ORC installations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
Witold Rybiński
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Abstract

This paper focuses on the computer cooling capacity using the thermosyphon loop with minichannels and minipump. The one-dimensional separate model of two-phase flow and heat transfer in a closed thermosyphon loop with minichannels and minipump has been used in calculations. The latest correlations for minichannels available in literature have been applied. This model is based on mass, momentum, and energy balances in the evaporator, rising tube, condenser and the falling tube. A numerical analysis of the mass flux and heat transfer coefficient in the steady state has been presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
Henryk Bieliński
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Abstract

Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is used, amongst the others, in geothermal facilities, in waste heat recovery or in domestic combined heat and power (CHP) generation. The paper presents optimization of an idealized ORC equivalent of the Carnot cycle with non-zero temperature difference in heat exchangers and with energy dissipation caused by the viscous fluid flow. In this analysis the amount of heat outgoing from the ORC is given. Such a case corresponds to the application of an ORC in domestic CHP. This assumption is different from the most of ORC models where the incoming amount of heat is given.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
Witold Rybiński
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Abstract

The evaporation temperature is regarded as one of the major parameters influencing the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) efficiency. Majority of contributions in literature for ORC cycle analyses treat the heat source as if it had an infinite heat capacity. Such analyses are not valuable as the resulting temperature drops of the heat source needs to be small. That leads to the fact that the heat source is not well explored and in the case of waste heat utilization it can prove the poor economics of the ORC. In the present study cooperation of the ORC cycle with the heat source available as a single phase or phase changing fluids is considered. The analytical heat balance models have been developed, which enable in a simple way calculation of heating fluid temperature variation as well as the ratio of flow rates of heating and working fluids in ORC cycle. The developed analytical expressions enable also calculation of the outlet temperature of the heating fluid.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jarosław Mikielewicz
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Abstract

Instytut Maszyn Przepływowych został powołany w 1956 roku do prowadzenia badań naukowych w dziedzinie podstaw działania, projektowania, budowy i rozwoju maszyn i urządzeń służących do konwersji energii w przepływach oraz do prowadzenia związanych z tą dziedziną działań edukacyjnych i wdrożeniowych.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Mikielewicz
Jan Kiciński
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Abstract

The economics of an ORC system is strictly linked to thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. A bad choice of working fluid could lead to a less efficient and expensive plant/generation unit. Some selection criteria have been put forward by various authors, incorporating thermodynamic properties, provided in literature but these do not have a general character. In the paper a simple analysis has been carried out which resulted in development of thermodynamic criteria for selection of an appropriate working fluid for subcritical and supercritical cycles. The postulated criteria are expressed in terms of non-dimensional numbers, which are characteristic for different fluids. The efficiency of the cycle is in a close relation to these numbers. The criteria are suitable for initial fluid selection. Such criteria should be used with other ones related to environmental impact, economy, system size, etc. Examples of such criteria have been also presented which may be helpful in rating of heat exchangers, which takes into account both heat transfer and flow resistance of the working fluid.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jarosław Mikielewicz
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Abstract

In the paper presented are experiences from operation of three different expansion devices for possible implementation in the domestic micro CHP. These were the modified scroll expander and two designs based on the variable working chamber volume pneumatic devices. Experiments showed the superiority of both "pneumatic devices" over the scroll expander, indicating the possible internal efficiencies in the range of 61 82Such efficiencies are very attractive, especially at the higher end of that range. The volume of these devices is much smaller than the scroll expander which makes it again more suitable for a domestic micro CHP. Small rotational velocities enable to conclude that connection to electricity grid will also be simpler in the case of "pneumatic devices". The "pneumatic devices" under scrutiny here could be an alternative to the typical vapour turbine in the ORC cycle, which is in the process of development at the IFFM.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jarosław Mikielewicz
Jan Wajs
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Abstract

The paper presents investigation into the single water microjet surface cooling producing evaporating film. Reported tests were conducted under steady state conditions. Experiments were conducted using the nozzle size of 70 and 100 μm respectively. In the course of investigations obtained were experimental relations between heat flux and wall superheating. It was proved that the phenomenon is similar to that of pool boiling but the boiling curves are showing a smaller value of critical heat flux (CHF) that the stagnant pool boiling. Values of CHF are also reduced with decreasing liquid subcooling. Theoretical model of surface cooling by evaporating microjet impingement in the stagnation point was described theoreticaly. Results of experiments were compared with predictions by the model showing a good consistency.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jarosław Mikielewicz
Tomasz Muszyński
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Abstract

The objective of the paper is to analyse thermodynamical and operational parameters of the supercritical power plant with reference conditions as well as following the introduction of the hybrid system incorporating ORC. In ORC the upper heat source is a stream of hot water from the system of heat recovery having temperature of 90 °C, which is additionally aided by heat from the bleeds of the steam turbine. Thermodynamical analysis of the supercritical plant with and without incorporation of ORC was accomplished using computational flow mechanics numerical codes. Investigated were six working fluids such as propane, isobutane, pentane, ethanol, R236ea and R245fa. In the course of calculations determined were primarily the increase of the unit power and efficiency for the reference case and that with the ORC.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jarosław Mikielewicz
Paweł Ziółkowski
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Abstract

The paper presents the calculations for the failure conditions of the ORC (organic Rankine cycle) cycle in the electrical power system. It analyses the possible reasons of breakdown, such as the electrical power loss or the automatic safety valve failure. The micro-CHP (combined heat and power) system should have maintenance-free configuration, which means that the user does not have to be acquainted with all the details of the ORC system operation. However, the system should always be equipped with the safety control systems allowing for the immediate turn off of the ORC cycle in case of any failure. In case of emergency, the control system should take over the safety tasks and protect the micro-CHP system from damaging. Although, the control systems are able to respond quickly to the CHP system equipped with the inertial systems, the negative effects of failure are unavoidable and always remain for some time. Moreover, the paper presents the results of calculations determining the inertia for the micro-CHP system of the circulating ORC pump, heat removal pump (cooling condenser) and the heat supply pump in failure conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Robert Matysko
Jarosław Mikielewicz
Eugeniusz Ihnatowicz
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Abstract

W gminie Jabłonna pod Warszawą powstanie nowoczesne Centrum Badawcze poświęcone badaniom i wdrażaniem technologii rozproszonej energetyki, bazujących na odnawialnych źródłach energii. Decyzję w tej sprawie podjęły właśnie władze Polskiej Akademii Nauk.
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Authors and Affiliations

Władysław Karol Włosiński
Jarosław Mikielewicz
Jan Kiciński
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Abstract

The Organic Flash Cycle (OFC) is suggested as a vapor power cycle that could potentially improve the efficiency of utilization of the heat source. Low and medium temperature finite thermal sources are considered in the cycle. Additionally the OFC’s aim is to reduce temperature difference during heat addition. The study examines 2 different fluids. Comparisons are drawn between the OFC and an optimized basic Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). Preliminary results show that ethanol and water are better suited for the ORC and OFC due to higher power output. Results also show that the single flash OFC achieves better efficiencies than the optimized basic ORC. Although the OFC improves the heat addition exergetic efficiency, this advantage was negated by irreversibility introduced during flash evaporation.
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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jan Wajs
Jarosław Mikielewicz
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Abstract

In the paper a method developed earlier by authors is applied to calculations of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient for flow boiling and also flow condensation for some recent data collected from literature for such fluids as R404a, R600a, R290, R32,R134a, R1234yf and other. The modification of interface shear stresses between flow boiling and flow condensation in annular flow structure are considered through incorporation of the so called blowing parameter. The shear stress between vapor phase and liquid phase is generally a function of nonisothermal effects. The mechanism of modification of shear stresses at the vapor-liquid interface has been presented in detail. In case of annular flow it contributes to thickening and thinning of the liquid film, which corresponds to condensation and boiling respectively. There is also a different influence of heat flux on the modification of shear stress in the bubbly flow structure, where it affects bubble nucleation. In that case the effect of applied heat flux is considered. As a result a modified form of the two-phase flow multiplier is obtained, in which the nonadiabatic effect is clearly pronounced.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dariusz Mikielewicz
Jarosław Mikielewicz
Rafał Andrzejczyk
Blanka Jakubowska

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