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Abstract

The experiments were carried out in 2001–2004. The aim of the research was to establish such chlorsulfuron dose that would be effective for Apera spica-venti control and would not be phytotoxic for winter wheat. Besides, it was performed to identify resistance of A. spica-venti biotypes appearing in the experimental fields to chlorsulfuron. The field experiments were conducted in winter wheat that were notably of A. spica-venti weedy. The fields belonged to a private farm at Karczyce and Gałów. The cereals had grown there for a long time and winter wheat monoculture together with repeated chlorsulfuron application was used. The experiments were conducted using randomized blocks method with 3 reapplications. Chlorsulfuron (Glean 75 WG) was applied at rates ranging from 1 to 4.5 times higher than the recommend field dose (15–67.5 g a.s./ha). The degree of sensitivity of A. spica-venti to chlorsulfuron was established by biological tests in greenhouse conditions. The herbicide was applied at four – leaf stage of development at rates ranging from 1 to 32 times higher than the recommend field dose (11.25–360 g a.s./ha). Poor chlorsulfuron efficacy to control of A. spica-venti or its lack might testify for resistance of this species to the herbicide. Chlorsulfuron as an active ingredient was very selective for winter wheat. An application of 67.5 g/ha of the herbicide was not harmful to growth and yielding of winter wheat. Unfortunately, even this dose of the herbicide was ineffective in control of A. spica-venti. In fields with a long-term monoculture of winter wheat together with the use of chlorsulfuron, resistance of A. spica-venti biotypes to this active ingredient was ascertained. Studies in greenhouse conditions proved that the biotypes were not damaged even when the dose was exceeded 32 times. The above confirmed the resistance of these biotypes to chlorsulfuron.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Marczewska
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Abstract

One of the negative aspects of the intensive use of herbicides is related to the selection of resistant biotypes (Gasquez 2001). Of all biotypes resistant to herbicides, 93 species do not respond to sulfonylurea herbicides (ALS-inhibiting herbicides). The acetolactate synthase (ALS) enzyme is the first step in biosynthesis of a branched chain amino acids (valine, leucine, isoleucine). In Poland the problem of resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides has been discussed since 2001 (Rola and Marczewska 2002). Resistance tests of Apera spica-venti biotypes were conducted in the greenhouse conditions. Chlorsulfuron was applied at the four-leaf stage of development at rates ranging from 11.25 to 360 g/ha. In confirmation of resistance to chlorsulfuron as identified in biological tests, the chemical analyses were performed. The analyses investigated the influence of different doses of chlorsulfuron on free amino acids content in the aboveground part of resistant and susceptible Apera spica-venti. The analyses were carried out applying high performance liquid chromatography method (HPLC). The resistance of the biotype was confirmed in amino acids analysis. In the resistant biotype followed the increase of valine, leucine and isoleucine concentration in comparison with untreated plants and those susceptible to chlorsulfuron biotype.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Marczewska
Jerzy Sadowski
Henryka Rola

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