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Abstract

Multilayered composites based on light metals are promising materials in many applications. In the present work the 15-layered clad, composed of alternately stacked of Ti(Gr.1) and AA1050-H24 alloy sheets of 1 mm thick has been investigated with respect to determination of the kinetic of the Al3Ti phase growth. The defect-free multilayered composite was successfully formed by explosive welding technology. Then EXW samples were modified via annealing at the temperature of 600oC in closed die under pressure of 44 MPa for various times ranged between 1 and 10 h. Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy examinations were conducted in order to study the kinetic of the elements migration across the interfaces between the layers of the Al/Ti composite. The macro-scale observations of samples after EXW revealed that wavy interfaces were always formed in layers near the explosive charge. The increase of the distance from the top surface leads to flattening of the interface with very thin reaction layer between Al and Ti sheets. During annealing the kinetic of the Al3Ti phase growth is similar near all interfaces and coincides with data from other works. It was found that despite the loading after 10 h of annealing still only small part of Al-sheets undergoes dissolution and the width of the reaction layer does not exceed 5-8 µm.

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Authors and Affiliations

P. Petrzak
ORCID: ORCID
I. Mania
ORCID: ORCID
H. Paul
ORCID: ORCID
Ł. Maj
ORCID: ORCID
A. Gałka
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Abstract

Metal-intermetallic layered (MIL) composites attract considerable attention due to their remarkable structural and ballistic performance. This study aimed to develop a Ti/Al-based multilayered MIL material by adding ceramic powders, since they can improve the composite’s impact resistance. To this end, an experiment was conducted which a stack of alternating Ti and Al sheets bonded by hot pressing; Ti/Al multilayers containing additional layers of Al2O3 and SiC powders were also produced. The samples obtained were examined using electron microscopy techniques. The clads’ mechanical properties were investigated using a Charpy hammer. In the reaction zone, only one intermetallic phase occurred: the Al3Ti phase. The model with an additional Al2O3 layer showed the highest impact energy. None of the Ti/Al clads broke during the Charpy impact test, a result proving their high ductility.
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Bibliography

[1] I.A. Bataev, A.A. Bataev, V.I. Mali, D.V. Pavliukova, Structural and mechanical properties of metallic-intermetallic laminate composites produced by explosive welding and annealing, Mater. Design 35, 225-234 (2012). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.09.030
[2] F. Foadian, M. Soltanieh, M. Adeli, M. Etminanbakhsh, A Study on the Formation of Intermetallics During the Heat Treatment of Explosively Welded Al-Ti Mulitlayers, Metall. Mater. Trans. A 45A, 1823 (2014). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-013-2144-6
[3] H. Paul, Ł. Maj, M. Prażmowski, A. Gałka, M. Miszczyk, P. Petrzak, Microstructure and mechanical properties of multilayered Al/Ti composites produced by explosive welding, Procedia Manufacturing 15, 1391-1398 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.07.343
[4] D.M. Fronczek, R. Chulist, Z. Szulc, J. Wojewoda-Budka, Growth kinetics of TiAl3 phase in annealed Al/Ti/Al explosively welded clads, Mater. Lett. 198, 160-163 (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.04.025
[5] F. Kong, Y. Chen, D. Zhang, Interfacial microstructure and shear strength of Ti-6Al-4V/TiAl laminate composite sheet fabricated by hot packed rolling, Mater. Design 32, 3167-3172 (2011). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.02.052
[6] H. Xiao, Z. Qi, C. Yu, C. Xu, Preparation and properties for Ti/ Al clad plates generated by differential temperature rolling, J. Mater. Process. Tech. 249, 285-290 (2017). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2017.06.013
[7] M. Fan, Z. Luo, Z. Fu, X. Guo, J. Tao, Vacuum hot pressing and fatigue behaviors of Ti/Al laminate composites, Vacuum 154, 101- 109 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.04.047
[8] L. Qin, M. Fan, X. Guo, J. Tao, Plastic deformation behaviors of Ti-Al laminated composite fabricated by vacuum hot-pressing, Vacuum 155, 96-107 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.05.021
[9] J . Li, K.H. Wang, K. Zhang L.L. Kang, H. Liang, Mechanism of interfacial reaction between Ti and Al-ceramic, Mater. Design 105, 223-233 (2016). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.05.073
[10] G .H.S.F.L. Carvalho, I. Galvão, R. Mendes, R.M. Leal, A. Loureiro, Explosive welding of aluminium to stainless steel, J. Mat. Process. Tech. 262, 340-349 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.06.042
[11] I. D. Zakharenko, Critical conditions in detonation welding, Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva 8 (3), 422-427 (1972).
[12] M. Tayyebi, D. Rahmatabadi, M. Adhami, R. Hashemi, Influence of AR B technique on the microstructural, mechanical and fracture properties of the multilayered Al1050/Al5052 composite reinforced by SiC particles, J. Mater. Res. Tech. 8 (5), 4287-4301 (2019). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.07.039
[13] M.N. Yuan, Lili Li, Zh J. Wang, Study of the microstructure modulation and phase formation of Ti-Al3Ti laminated composites, Vacuum 157, 481-486 (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2018.09.002
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Authors and Affiliations

W. Kowalski
1
ORCID: ORCID
H. Paul
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Petrzak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ł. Maj
1
ORCID: ORCID
I. Mania
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Faryna
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science , Polish Academy of Sciences , 25 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

The lack of room-temperature ductility of high-strength TiAl-based alloys called for complicated high temperature processing limiting their application areas. Introduction of additive manufacturing (AM) methods allowed to circumvent this disadvantage, but entailed microstructure refinement affecting, among the others, their oxidation resistance. The dry-air high temperature oxidation processing of TiAl-based alloys is relatively well covered for coarse grained materials, but to what extent the TiAl alloys are affected by the changes caused by the AM remains to be found out. Additionally, the role of nitrogen during these processes was to large extent omitted in previous works. Within the present experiment, the mould cast (MC) and the electron beam melted (EBM) Ti-48Al-2Nb-0.7Cr-0.3Si (at. %) RNT650 alloys were dry-air oxidized at 650°C for 1000 h. The TEM/EDS investigations allowed to confirm that the scale formed during such treatment consists of the layers occupied predominantly by TiO2+Al2O3/TiO2/Al2O3 sequence. Additionally, it was shown that N diffuses to the sub-scale and reacts with the substrate forming two distinct discontinuous sub-layers of α2-Ti3Al(N) and TiN. The scale over EBM was noticeably less porous and nitrogen penetration of the substrate was more extensive, while the MC showed higher susceptibility to local sub-scale oxidation.
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Authors and Affiliations

J. Morgiel
1
ORCID: ORCID
T. Dudziak
2
ORCID: ORCID
L. Maj
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Kirchner
3
M. Pomorska
1
ORCID: ORCID
B. Klöden
3
T. Weissgärber
3
D. Toboła
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Polish Academy of Science, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, 25 Reymonta Str., 30-059-Kraków, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network, Kraków Institute of Technology, 73 Zakopianska Str, 30-418 Kraków, Poland
  3. Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung IFAM, Institutsteil Dresden Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany

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